Merge branch 'nix' into 'master'.

51 files changed, 16519 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/nix/AUTHORS b/nix/AUTHORS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc2279d628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/AUTHORS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Most of the code is this directory was written by several people for
+the Nix project (http://nixos.org/nix).  Thanks!
diff --git a/nix/COPYING b/nix/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ab7695ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+		  GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2.1, February 1999
+
+ Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
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diff --git a/nix/boost/assert.hpp b/nix/boost/assert.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..754ebb954b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/assert.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//
+//  boost/assert.hpp - BOOST_ASSERT(expr)
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2001, 2002 Peter Dimov and Multi Media Ltd.
+//
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software
+//  is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.
+//  This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+//
+//  Note: There are no include guards. This is intentional.
+//
+//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/assert.html for documentation.
+//
+
+#undef BOOST_ASSERT
+
+#if defined(BOOST_DISABLE_ASSERTS)
+
+# define BOOST_ASSERT(expr) ((void)0)
+
+#elif defined(BOOST_ENABLE_ASSERT_HANDLER)
+
+#include <boost/current_function.hpp>
+
+namespace boost
+{
+
+void assertion_failed(char const * expr, char const * function, char const * file, long line); // user defined
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#define BOOST_ASSERT(expr) ((expr)? ((void)0): ::boost::assertion_failed(#expr, BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION, __FILE__, __LINE__))
+
+#else
+# include <assert.h>
+# define BOOST_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#endif
diff --git a/nix/boost/format.hpp b/nix/boost/format.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f965f0f33e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format.hpp :  primary header
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_HPP
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#if HAVE_LOCALE
+#include <locale>
+#else
+#define BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
+#define BOOST_NO_LOCALE_ISIDIGIT
+#include <cctype>
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/format/macros_default.hpp>
+
+
+// ****  Forward declarations ----------------------------------
+#include <boost/format/format_fwd.hpp>           // basic_format<Ch,Tr>, and other frontends
+#include <boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp>        // misc forward declarations for internal use
+
+
+// ****  Auxiliary structs (stream_format_state<Ch,Tr> , and format_item<Ch,Tr> )
+#include <boost/format/internals.hpp>    
+
+// ****  Format  class  interface --------------------------------
+#include <boost/format/format_class.hpp>
+
+// **** Exceptions -----------------------------------------------
+#include <boost/format/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// **** Implementation -------------------------------------------
+//#include <boost/format/format_implementation.hpp>   // member functions
+
+#include <boost/format/group.hpp>                   // class for grouping arguments
+
+#include <boost/format/feed_args.hpp>               // argument-feeding functions
+//#include <boost/format/parsing.hpp>                 // format-string parsing (member-)functions
+
+// **** Implementation of the free functions ----------------------
+//#include <boost/format/free_funcs.hpp>
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/exceptions.hpp b/nix/boost/format/exceptions.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79e452449e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/exceptions.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// exceptions.hpp 
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
+
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+
+namespace boost {
+
+namespace io {
+
+// **** exceptions -----------------------------------------------
+
+class format_error : public std::exception
+{
+public:
+  format_error() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::format_error: "
+      "format generic failure";
+  }
+};
+
+class bad_format_string : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  bad_format_string() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::bad_format_string: "
+      "format-string is ill-formed";
+  }
+};
+
+class too_few_args : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  too_few_args() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::too_few_args: "
+      "format-string refered to more arguments than were passed";
+  }
+};
+
+class too_many_args : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  too_many_args() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::too_many_args: "
+      "format-string refered to less arguments than were passed";
+  }
+};
+
+
+class  out_of_range : public format_error
+{
+public:
+  out_of_range() {}
+  virtual const char *what() const throw()
+  {
+    return "boost::out_of_range: "
+      "tried to refer to an argument (or item) number which is out of range, "
+      "according to the format string.";
+  }
+};
+
+
+} // namespace io
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/feed_args.hpp b/nix/boost/format/feed_args.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d0b47b4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/feed_args.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// feed_args.hpp :  functions for processing each argument 
+//                      (feed, feed_manip, and distribute)
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_FEED_ARGS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_FEED_ARGS_HPP
+
+#include "boost/format/format_class.hpp"
+#include "boost/format/group.hpp"
+
+#include "boost/throw_exception.hpp"
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+namespace  { 
+
+  inline
+  void empty_buf(BOOST_IO_STD ostringstream & os) { 
+    static const std::string emptyStr;
+    os.str(emptyStr); 
+  }
+
+  void do_pad( std::string & s, 
+                std::streamsize w, 
+                const char c, 
+                std::ios::fmtflags f, 
+                bool center) 
+    // applies centered / left / right  padding  to the string s.
+    // Effects : string s is padded.
+  {
+    std::streamsize n=w-s.size();
+    if(n<=0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if(center) 
+      {
+        s.reserve(w); // allocate once for the 2 inserts
+        const std::streamsize n1 = n /2, n0 = n - n1; 
+        s.insert(s.begin(), n0, c);
+        s.append(n1, c);
+      } 
+    else 
+      {
+        if(f & std::ios::left) {
+          s.append(n, c);
+        }
+        else {
+          s.insert(s.begin(), n, c);
+        }
+      }
+  } // -do_pad(..) 
+
+
+  template<class T> inline
+  void put_head(BOOST_IO_STD ostream& , const T& ) {
+  }
+
+  template<class T> inline
+  void put_head( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os, const group1<T>& x ) {
+    os << group_head(x.a1_); // send the first N-1 items, not the last
+  }
+
+  template<class T> inline
+  void put_last( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os, const T& x ) {
+    os << x ;
+  }
+
+  template<class T> inline
+  void put_last( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os, const group1<T>& x ) {
+    os << group_last(x.a1_); // this selects the last element
+  }
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST 
+  template<class T> inline
+  void put_head( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& , T& ) {
+  }
+
+  template<class T> inline
+  void put_last( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os, T& x ) {
+    os << x ;
+  }
+#endif
+
+
+
+  
+template<class T> 
+void put( T x, 
+          const format_item& specs, 
+          std::string & res, 
+          BOOST_IO_STD ostringstream& oss_ )
+{
+  // does the actual conversion of x, with given params, into a string
+  // using the *supplied* strinstream. (the stream state is important)
+
+  typedef std::string string_t;
+  typedef format_item  format_item_t;
+
+  stream_format_state   prev_state(oss_);
+    
+  specs.state_.apply_on(oss_);
+
+  // in case x is a group, apply the manip part of it, 
+  // in order to find width
+  put_head( oss_, x );
+  empty_buf( oss_);
+
+  const std::streamsize w=oss_.width();
+  const std::ios::fmtflags fl=oss_.flags();
+  const bool internal = (fl & std::ios::internal) != 0;
+  const bool two_stepped_padding = internal
+    &&  ! ( specs.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::spacepad ) 
+    && specs.truncate_ < 0 ;
+      
+
+  if(! two_stepped_padding) 
+    {
+      if(w>0) // handle simple padding via do_pad, not natively in stream 
+        oss_.width(0);
+      put_last( oss_, x);
+      res = oss_.str();
+
+      if (specs.truncate_ >= 0)
+        res.erase(specs.truncate_);
+
+      // complex pads :
+      if(specs.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::spacepad)
+        {
+          if( res.size()==0 ||   ( res[0]!='+' && res[0]!='-'  ))
+            {
+              res.insert(res.begin(), 1, ' '); // insert 1 space at  pos 0
+            }
+        }
+      if(w > 0) // need do_pad
+        {
+          do_pad(res,w,oss_.fill(), fl, (specs.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::centered) !=0 );
+        }
+    } 
+  else  // 2-stepped padding
+    {
+      put_last( oss_, x); // oss_.width() may result in padding.
+      res = oss_.str();
+      
+      if (specs.truncate_ >= 0)
+        res.erase(specs.truncate_);
+
+      if( res.size() - w > 0)
+        { //   length w exceeded
+          // either it was multi-output with first output padding up all width..
+          // either it was one big arg and we are fine.
+          empty_buf( oss_);
+          oss_.width(0);
+          put_last(oss_, x );
+          string_t tmp = oss_.str();  // minimal-length output
+          std::streamsize d;
+          if( (d=w - tmp.size()) <=0 ) 
+            {
+              // minimal length is already >= w, so no padding  (cool!)
+              res.swap(tmp);
+            }
+          else
+            { // hum..  we need to pad (it was necessarily multi-output)
+              typedef typename string_t::size_type size_type;
+              size_type i = 0;
+              while( i<tmp.size() && tmp[i] == res[i] ) // find where we should pad.
+                ++i;
+              tmp.insert(i, static_cast<size_type>( d ), oss_.fill());
+              res.swap( tmp );
+            }
+        }
+      else 
+        { // okay, only one thing was printed and padded, so res is fine.
+        }
+    }
+
+  prev_state.apply_on(oss_);
+  empty_buf( oss_);
+  oss_.clear();
+} // end- put(..)
+
+
+}  // local namespace
+
+
+
+
+
+template<class T> 
+void distribute(basic_format& self, T x) 
+  // call put(x, ..) on every occurence of the current argument :
+{
+  if(self.cur_arg_ >= self.num_args_)
+    {
+      if( self.exceptions() & too_many_args_bit )
+        boost::throw_exception(too_many_args()); // too many variables have been supplied !
+      else return;
+    }
+  for(unsigned long i=0; i < self.items_.size(); ++i)
+    {
+      if(self.items_[i].argN_ == self.cur_arg_)
+        {
+          put<T> (x, self.items_[i], self.items_[i].res_, self.oss_ );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T> 
+basic_format&  feed(basic_format& self, T x) 
+{
+  if(self.dumped_) self.clear();
+  distribute<T> (self, x);
+  ++self.cur_arg_;
+  if(self.bound_.size() != 0)
+    {
+      while( self.cur_arg_ < self.num_args_ && self.bound_[self.cur_arg_] )
+        ++self.cur_arg_;
+    }
+
+  // this arg is finished, reset the stream's format state
+  self.state0_.apply_on(self.oss_);
+  return self;
+}
+    
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace io
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif //  BOOST_FORMAT_FEED_ARGS_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/format_class.hpp b/nix/boost/format/format_class.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6875623acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/format_class.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format_class.hpp :  class interface
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_CLASS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_CLASS_HPP
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/format/format_fwd.hpp>
+#include <boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/format/internals.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+class basic_format 
+{
+public:
+  typedef std::string                string_t;
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD ostringstream internal_stream_t;
+private:
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD ostream       stream_t;
+  typedef io::detail::stream_format_state  stream_format_state;
+  typedef io::detail::format_item          format_item_t;
+
+public:
+  basic_format(const char* str);
+  basic_format(const string_t& s);
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
+  basic_format(const char* str, const std::locale & loc);
+  basic_format(const string_t& s, const std::locale & loc);
+#endif // no locale
+  basic_format(const basic_format& x);
+  basic_format& operator= (const basic_format& x);
+
+  basic_format& clear(); // empty the string buffers (except bound arguments, see clear_binds() )
+
+  // pass arguments through those operators :
+  template<class T>  basic_format&   operator%(const T& x) 
+  { 
+    return io::detail::feed<const T&>(*this,x);
+  }
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST
+  template<class T>  basic_format&   operator%(T& x) 
+  {
+    return io::detail::feed<T&>(*this,x);
+  }
+#endif
+
+
+  // system for binding arguments :
+  template<class T>  
+  basic_format&         bind_arg(int argN, const T& val) 
+  {
+    return io::detail::bind_arg_body(*this, argN, val); 
+  }
+  basic_format&         clear_bind(int argN);
+  basic_format&         clear_binds();
+
+  // modify the params of a directive, by applying a manipulator :
+  template<class T> 
+  basic_format&  modify_item(int itemN, const T& manipulator) 
+  {
+    return io::detail::modify_item_body(*this, itemN, manipulator) ;
+  }
+
+  // Choosing which errors will throw exceptions :
+  unsigned char exceptions() const;
+  unsigned char exceptions(unsigned char newexcept);
+
+  // final output
+  string_t str() const;
+  friend BOOST_IO_STD ostream& 
+  operator<< ( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& , const basic_format& ); 
+                      
+
+  template<class T>  friend basic_format&  
+  io::detail::feed(basic_format&, T);
+    
+  template<class T>  friend   
+  void io::detail::distribute(basic_format&, T);
+  
+  template<class T>  friend
+  basic_format&  io::detail::modify_item_body(basic_format&, int, const T&);
+
+  template<class T> friend
+  basic_format&  io::detail::bind_arg_body(basic_format&, int, const T&);
+
+// make the members private only if the friend templates are supported
+private:
+
+  // flag bits, used for style_
+  enum style_values  { ordered = 1,        // set only if all directives are  positional directives
+                       special_needs = 4 };     
+
+  // parse the format string :
+  void parse(const string_t&);
+
+  int                           style_;         // style of format-string :  positional or not, etc
+  int                           cur_arg_;       // keep track of wich argument will come
+  int                           num_args_;      // number of expected arguments
+  mutable bool                  dumped_;        // true only after call to str() or <<
+  std::vector<format_item_t>    items_;         // vector of directives (aka items)
+  string_t                      prefix_;        // piece of string to insert before first item
+
+  std::vector<bool>             bound_;         // stores which arguments were bound
+                                                //   size = num_args OR zero
+  internal_stream_t             oss_;           // the internal stream.
+  stream_format_state           state0_;        // reference state for oss_
+  unsigned char                 exceptions_;
+}; // class basic_format
+
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_CLASS_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/format_fwd.hpp b/nix/boost/format/format_fwd.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97c55f6684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/format_fwd.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format_fwd.hpp :  forward declarations, for primary header format.hpp
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_FWD_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_FWD_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+class basic_format;
+
+typedef basic_format    format;
+
+namespace io {
+enum format_error_bits { bad_format_string_bit = 1, 
+                         too_few_args_bit = 2, too_many_args_bit = 4,
+                         out_of_range_bit = 8,
+                         all_error_bits = 255, no_error_bits=0 };
+                  
+// Convertion:  format   to   string
+std::string     str(const basic_format& ) ;
+
+} // namespace io
+
+
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream& 
+operator<<( BOOST_IO_STD ostream&, const basic_format&);
+
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_FWD_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/format_implementation.cc b/nix/boost/format/format_implementation.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa191afe11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/format_implementation.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library format ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// format_implementation.hpp  Implementation of the basic_format class
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
+
+#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
+#include <boost/assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/format.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+// --------  format:: -------------------------------------------
+basic_format::basic_format(const char* str)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(), oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    string_t emptyStr;
+    if( !str) str = emptyStr.c_str();
+    parse( str );
+}
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
+basic_format::basic_format(const char* str, const std::locale & loc)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(), oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    oss_.imbue( loc );
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    string_t emptyStr;
+    if( !str) str = emptyStr.c_str();
+    parse( str );
+}
+
+basic_format::basic_format(const string_t& s, const std::locale & loc)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(),  oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    oss_.imbue( loc );
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    parse(s);  
+}
+#endif //BOOST_NO_STD_LOCALE
+
+basic_format::basic_format(const string_t& s)
+    : style_(0), cur_arg_(0), num_args_(0), dumped_(false),
+      items_(),  oss_(), exceptions_(io::all_error_bits)
+{
+    state0_.set_by_stream(oss_);
+    parse(s);  
+}
+
+basic_format:: basic_format(const basic_format& x)
+    : style_(x.style_), cur_arg_(x.cur_arg_), num_args_(x.num_args_), dumped_(false), 
+      items_(x.items_), prefix_(x.prefix_), bound_(x.bound_), 
+      oss_(),   // <- we obviously can't copy x.oss_
+      state0_(x.state0_), exceptions_(x.exceptions_)
+{ 
+    state0_.apply_on(oss_);
+} 
+
+basic_format& basic_format::operator= (const basic_format& x)
+{
+    if(this == &x)
+      return *this;
+    state0_ = x.state0_;
+    state0_.apply_on(oss_);
+
+    // plus all the other (trivial) assignments :
+    exceptions_ = x.exceptions_;
+    items_ = x.items_;
+    prefix_ = x.prefix_;
+    bound_=x.bound_;
+    style_=x.style_; 
+    cur_arg_=x.cur_arg_; 
+    num_args_=x.num_args_;
+    dumped_=x.dumped_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+unsigned char basic_format::exceptions() const 
+{
+  return exceptions_; 
+}
+
+unsigned char basic_format::exceptions(unsigned char newexcept) 
+{ 
+  unsigned char swp = exceptions_; 
+  exceptions_ = newexcept; 
+  return swp; 
+}
+
+
+basic_format& basic_format ::clear()
+  // empty the string buffers (except bound arguments, see clear_binds() )
+  // and make the format object ready for formatting a new set of arguments
+{
+    BOOST_ASSERT( bound_.size()==0 || num_args_ == static_cast<int>(bound_.size()) );
+
+    for(unsigned long i=0; i<items_.size(); ++i){
+      items_[i].state_ = items_[i].ref_state_;
+      // clear converted strings only if the corresponding argument is not  bound :
+      if( bound_.size()==0 || !bound_[ items_[i].argN_ ] )  items_[i].res_.resize(0);
+    }
+    cur_arg_=0; dumped_=false;
+    // maybe first arg is bound:
+    if(bound_.size() != 0)
+      {
+        while(cur_arg_ < num_args_ && bound_[cur_arg_] )      ++cur_arg_;
+      }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+basic_format& basic_format ::clear_binds() 
+  // cancel all bindings, and clear()
+{
+    bound_.resize(0);
+    clear();
+    return *this;
+}
+
+basic_format& basic_format::clear_bind(int argN) 
+  // cancel the binding of ONE argument, and clear()
+{
+    if(argN<1 || argN > num_args_ || bound_.size()==0 || !bound_[argN-1] ) 
+      {
+        if( exceptions() & io::out_of_range_bit )
+          boost::throw_exception(io::out_of_range()); // arg not in range.
+        else return *this;
+      }
+    bound_[argN-1]=false;
+    clear();
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+std::string basic_format::str() const
+{
+  dumped_=true;
+  if(items_.size()==0)
+    return prefix_;
+  if( cur_arg_ < num_args_)
+      if( exceptions() & io::too_few_args_bit )
+        boost::throw_exception(io::too_few_args()); // not enough variables have been supplied !
+
+  unsigned long sz = prefix_.size();
+  unsigned long i;
+  for(i=0; i < items_.size(); ++i) 
+    sz += items_[i].res_.size() + items_[i].appendix_.size();
+  string_t res;
+  res.reserve(sz);
+
+  res += prefix_;
+  for(i=0; i < items_.size(); ++i) 
+  {
+    const format_item_t& item = items_[i];
+    res += item.res_;
+    if( item.argN_ == format_item_t::argN_tabulation) 
+    { 
+      BOOST_ASSERT( item.pad_scheme_ & format_item_t::tabulation);
+      std::streamsize  n = item.state_.width_ - res.size();
+      if( n > 0 )
+        res.append( n, item.state_.fill_ );
+    }
+    res += item.appendix_;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+
+template<class T>
+basic_format&  bind_arg_body( basic_format& self, 
+                                      int argN, 
+                                      const T& val)
+  // bind one argument to a fixed value
+  // this is persistent over clear() calls, thus also over str() and <<
+{
+    if(self.dumped_) self.clear(); // needed, because we will modify cur_arg_..
+    if(argN<1 || argN > self.num_args_) 
+      {
+        if( self.exceptions() & io::out_of_range_bit )
+          boost::throw_exception(io::out_of_range()); // arg not in range.
+        else return self;
+      }
+    if(self.bound_.size()==0) 
+      self.bound_.assign(self.num_args_,false);
+    else 
+      BOOST_ASSERT( self.num_args_ == static_cast<signed int>(self.bound_.size()) );
+    int o_cur_arg = self.cur_arg_;
+    self.cur_arg_ = argN-1; // arrays begin at 0
+
+    self.bound_[self.cur_arg_]=false; // if already set, we unset and re-sets..
+    self.operator%(val); // put val at the right place, because cur_arg is set
+    
+
+    // Now re-position cur_arg before leaving :
+    self.cur_arg_ = o_cur_arg; 
+    self.bound_[argN-1]=true;
+    if(self.cur_arg_ == argN-1 )
+      // hum, now this arg is bound, so move to next free arg
+      {
+        while(self.cur_arg_ < self.num_args_ && self.bound_[self.cur_arg_])   ++self.cur_arg_;
+      }
+    // In any case, we either have all args, or are on a non-binded arg :
+    BOOST_ASSERT( self.cur_arg_ >= self.num_args_ || ! self.bound_[self.cur_arg_]);
+    return self;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+basic_format&  modify_item_body( basic_format& self,
+                                      int itemN, 
+                                      const T& manipulator)
+  // applies a manipulator to the format_item describing a given directive.
+  // this is a permanent change, clear or clear_binds won't cancel that.
+{
+  if(itemN<1 || itemN >= static_cast<signed int>(self.items_.size() )) 
+    {
+      if( self.exceptions() & io::out_of_range_bit ) 
+        boost::throw_exception(io::out_of_range()); // item not in range.
+      else return self;
+    }
+  self.items_[itemN-1].ref_state_.apply_manip( manipulator );
+  self.items_[itemN-1].state_ = self.items_[itemN-1].ref_state_;
+  return self;
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace io
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+
+#endif  // BOOST_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/free_funcs.cc b/nix/boost/format/free_funcs.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..151db37a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/free_funcs.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// free_funcs.hpp :  implementation of the free functions declared in namespace format
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_FUNCS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_FUNCS_HPP
+
+#include "boost/format.hpp"
+#include "boost/throw_exception.hpp"
+
+namespace boost {
+
+namespace io {
+  inline 
+  std::string str(const basic_format& f) 
+    // adds up all pieces of strings and converted items, and return the formatted string
+  {
+    return f.str();
+  }
+}   // - namespace io
+
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream& 
+operator<<( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os, 
+            const boost::basic_format& f) 
+  // effect: "return os << str(f);" but we can try to do it faster
+{
+  typedef boost::basic_format   format_t;
+  if(f.items_.size()==0) 
+    os << f.prefix_;
+  else {
+    if(f.cur_arg_ < f.num_args_)
+      if( f.exceptions() & io::too_few_args_bit )
+        boost::throw_exception(io::too_few_args()); // not enough variables have been supplied !
+    if(f.style_ & format_t::special_needs) 
+        os << f.str();
+    else {
+    // else we dont have to count chars output, so we dump directly to os :
+      os << f.prefix_;
+      for(unsigned long i=0; i<f.items_.size(); ++i) 
+        {
+          const format_t::format_item_t& item = f.items_[i];
+          os << item.res_;
+          os << item.appendix_;
+
+        }
+    }
+  }
+  f.dumped_=true;
+  return os;
+}
+
+
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_FUNCS_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/group.hpp b/nix/boost/format/group.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac63f3f0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/group.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// group.hpp :  encapsulates a group of manipulators along with an argument
+//                      
+// group_head : cut the last element of a group out.
+// (is overloaded below on each type of group)
+
+// group_last : returns the last element of a group
+// (is overloaded below on each type of group)
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_GROUP_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_GROUP_HPP
+
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+
+
+namespace detail {
+
+
+// empty group, but useful even though.
+struct group0 
+{
+    group0()      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << ( BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group0& )
+{ 
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1>
+struct group1
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    group1(T1 a1)
+      : a1_(a1)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group1<T1>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2>
+struct group2
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    group2(T1 a1,T2 a2)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group2<T1,T2>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3>
+struct group3
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    group3(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group3<T1,T2,T3>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+struct group4
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    group4(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group4<T1,T2,T3,T4>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+struct group5
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    group5(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+struct group6
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    group6(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+struct group7
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    group7(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+struct group8
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    T8 a8_;
+    group8(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7),a8_(a8)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_<< x.a8_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+struct group9
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    T8 a8_;
+    T9 a9_;
+    group9(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7),a8_(a8),a9_(a9)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_<< x.a8_<< x.a9_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+struct group10
+{
+    T1 a1_;
+    T2 a2_;
+    T3 a3_;
+    T4 a4_;
+    T5 a5_;
+    T6 a6_;
+    T7 a7_;
+    T8 a8_;
+    T9 a9_;
+    T10 a10_;
+    group10(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9,T10 a10)
+      : a1_(a1),a2_(a2),a3_(a3),a4_(a4),a5_(a5),a6_(a6),a7_(a7),a8_(a8),a9_(a9),a10_(a10)
+      {}
+};
+
+template <class Ch, class Tr, class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+inline
+BOOST_IO_STD ostream&
+operator << (BOOST_IO_STD ostream& os,
+             const group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10>& x)
+{ 
+   os << x.a1_<< x.a2_<< x.a3_<< x.a4_<< x.a5_<< x.a6_<< x.a7_<< x.a8_<< x.a9_<< x.a10_;  
+   return os; 
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2>
+inline
+group1<T1> 
+group_head( group2<T1,T2> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T1> (x.a1_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2>
+inline
+group1<T2> 
+group_last( group2<T1,T2> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T2> (x.a2_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3>
+inline
+group2<T1,T2> 
+group_head( group3<T1,T2,T3> const& x)
+{
+   return group2<T1,T2> (x.a1_,x.a2_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3>
+inline
+group1<T3> 
+group_last( group3<T1,T2,T3> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T3> (x.a3_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+inline
+group3<T1,T2,T3> 
+group_head( group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> const& x)
+{
+   return group3<T1,T2,T3> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4>
+inline
+group1<T4> 
+group_last( group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T4> (x.a4_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+inline
+group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> 
+group_head( group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> const& x)
+{
+   return group4<T1,T2,T3,T4> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5>
+inline
+group1<T5> 
+group_last( group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T5> (x.a5_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+inline
+group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> 
+group_head( group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> const& x)
+{
+   return group5<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6>
+inline
+group1<T6> 
+group_last( group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T6> (x.a6_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+inline
+group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> 
+group_head( group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> const& x)
+{
+   return group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7>
+inline
+group1<T7> 
+group_last( group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T7> (x.a7_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+inline
+group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> 
+group_head( group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> const& x)
+{
+   return group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_,x.a7_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8>
+inline
+group1<T8> 
+group_last( group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T8> (x.a8_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+inline
+group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> 
+group_head( group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> const& x)
+{
+   return group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_,x.a7_,x.a8_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9>
+inline
+group1<T9> 
+group_last( group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T9> (x.a9_); 
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+inline
+group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> 
+group_head( group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10> const& x)
+{
+   return group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9> (x.a1_,x.a2_,x.a3_,x.a4_,x.a5_,x.a6_,x.a7_,x.a8_,x.a9_); 
+}
+
+template <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9,class T10>
+inline
+group1<T10> 
+group_last( group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10> const& x)
+{
+   return group1<T10> (x.a10_); 
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+
+
+// helper functions
+
+
+inline detail::group1< detail::group0 >  
+group() { return detail::group1< detail::group0 > ( detail::group0() ); }
+
+template  <class T1, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group2<T1, Var const&> 
+                        (a1, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group3<T1,T2, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var const&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9, Var const& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var const&> >
+                   ( detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var const&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST
+
+template  <class T1, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group2<T1, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group2<T1, Var&> 
+                        (a1, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group3<T1,T2, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group3<T1,T2, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group4<T1,T2,T3, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group5<T1,T2,T3,T4, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group6<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group7<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group8<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group9<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+template  <class T1,class T2,class T3,class T4,class T5,class T6,class T7,class T8,class T9, class Var> 
+inline
+detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var&> >
+  group(T1 a1,T2 a2,T3 a3,T4 a4,T5 a5,T6 a6,T7 a7,T8 a8,T9 a9, Var& var)
+{ 
+   return detail::group1< detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var&> >
+                   ( detail::group10<T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9, Var&> 
+                        (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9, var) 
+                  );
+}
+
+
+#endif  //end- #ifndef BOOST_NO_OVERLOAD_FOR_NON_CONST
+
+
+} // namespace io
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif   // BOOST_FORMAT_GROUP_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/internals.hpp b/nix/boost/format/internals.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d25eb4c864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/internals.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// internals.hpp :  internal structs. included by format.hpp
+//                              stream_format_state, and format_item
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNALS_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNALS_HPP
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+
+
+// --------------
+// set of params that define the format state of a stream
+
+struct stream_format_state 
+{
+  typedef std::ios   basic_ios;
+
+  std::streamsize width_;
+  std::streamsize precision_;
+  char fill_; 
+  std::ios::fmtflags flags_;
+
+  stream_format_state()       : width_(-1), precision_(-1), fill_(0), flags_(std::ios::dec)  {}
+  stream_format_state(basic_ios& os)                  {set_by_stream(os); }
+
+  void apply_on(basic_ios & os) const;                //- applies format_state to the stream
+  template<class T> void apply_manip(T manipulator)   //- modifies state by applying manipulator.
+       { apply_manip_body<T>( *this, manipulator) ; }
+  void reset();                                       //- sets to default state.
+  void set_by_stream(const basic_ios& os);            //- sets to os's state.
+};  
+
+
+
+// --------------
+// format_item : stores all parameters that can be defined by directives in the format-string
+
+struct format_item 
+{     
+  enum pad_values { zeropad = 1, spacepad =2, centered=4, tabulation = 8 };
+
+  enum arg_values { argN_no_posit   = -1, // non-positional directive. argN will be set later.
+                    argN_tabulation = -2, // tabulation directive. (no argument read) 
+                    argN_ignored    = -3  // ignored directive. (no argument read)
+  };
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD ios              basic_ios;
+  typedef detail::stream_format_state         stream_format_state;
+  typedef std::string           string_t;
+  typedef BOOST_IO_STD ostringstream    internal_stream_t;
+
+
+  int         argN_;           //- argument number (starts at 0,  eg : %1 => argN=0)
+                               //  negative values are used for items that don't process
+                               //  an argument
+  string_t    res_;            //- result of the formatting of this item
+  string_t    appendix_;       //- piece of string between this item and the next
+
+  stream_format_state ref_state_;// set by parsing the format_string, is only affected by modify_item
+  stream_format_state state_;  // always same as ref_state, _unless_ modified by manipulators 'group(..)'
+
+  // non-stream format-state parameters
+  signed int truncate_;        //- is >=0 for directives like %.5s (take 5 chars from the string)
+  unsigned int pad_scheme_;    //- several possible padding schemes can mix. see pad_values
+
+  format_item() : argN_(argN_no_posit), truncate_(-1), pad_scheme_(0)  {}
+
+  void compute_states();      // sets states  according to truncate and pad_scheme.
+}; 
+
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------
+// Definitions
+// -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+// --- stream_format_state:: -------------------------------------------
+inline
+void stream_format_state::apply_on(basic_ios & os) const
+  // set the state of this stream according to our params
+{
+      if(width_ != -1)
+        os.width(width_);
+      if(precision_ != -1)
+        os.precision(precision_);
+      if(fill_ != 0)
+        os.fill(fill_);
+      os.flags(flags_);
+}
+
+inline
+void stream_format_state::set_by_stream(const basic_ios& os) 
+  // set our params according to the state of this stream
+{
+      flags_ = os.flags();
+      width_ = os.width();
+      precision_ = os.precision();
+      fill_ = os.fill();
+}
+
+template<class T>  inline
+void apply_manip_body( stream_format_state& self,
+                       T manipulator) 
+  // modify our params according to the manipulator
+{
+      BOOST_IO_STD stringstream  ss;
+      self.apply_on( ss );
+      ss << manipulator;
+      self.set_by_stream( ss );
+}
+
+inline
+void stream_format_state::reset() 
+  // set our params to standard's default state
+{
+      width_=-1; precision_=-1; fill_=0; 
+      flags_ = std::ios::dec; 
+}
+
+
+// --- format_items:: -------------------------------------------
+inline
+void format_item::compute_states() 
+  // reflect pad_scheme_   on  state_ and ref_state_ 
+  //   because some pad_schemes has complex consequences on several state params.
+{
+  if(pad_scheme_ & zeropad) 
+  {
+    if(ref_state_.flags_ & std::ios::left) 
+    {
+      pad_scheme_ = pad_scheme_ & (~zeropad); // ignore zeropad in left alignment
+    }
+    else 
+    { 
+      ref_state_.fill_='0'; 
+      ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios::internal;
+    }
+  }
+  state_ = ref_state_;
+}
+
+
+} } } // namespaces boost :: io :: detail
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNALS_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp b/nix/boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8ebf7c3ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/internals_fwd.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// internals_fwd.hpp :  forward declarations, for internal headers
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNAL_FWD_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNAL_FWD_HPP
+
+#include "boost/format/format_fwd.hpp"
+
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+
+namespace detail {
+  struct stream_format_state;
+  struct format_item;
+}
+
+
+namespace detail {
+
+  // these functions were intended as methods, 
+  // but MSVC have problems with template member functions :
+
+  // defined in format_implementation.hpp :
+     template<class T> 
+     basic_format&  modify_item_body( basic_format& self, 
+                                          int itemN, const T& manipulator);
+
+     template<class T> 
+     basic_format&  bind_arg_body( basic_format& self,
+                                           int argN, const T& val);
+
+    template<class T> 
+    void apply_manip_body( stream_format_state& self,
+                           T manipulator);
+
+  // argument feeding (defined in feed_args.hpp ) :
+     template<class T> 
+     void distribute(basic_format& self, T x);
+
+     template<class T> 
+     basic_format& feed(basic_format& self, T x);
+ 
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace io
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif //  BOOST_FORMAT_INTERNAL_FWD_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/macros_default.hpp b/nix/boost/format/macros_default.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fd84a163f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/macros_default.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rüdiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// macros_default.hpp : configuration for the format library
+//                       provides default values for the stl workaround macros
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_MACROS_DEFAULT_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_MACROS_DEFAULT_HPP
+
+// *** This should go to "boost/config/suffix.hpp".
+
+#ifndef BOOST_IO_STD
+#  define BOOST_IO_STD std::
+#endif
+
+// **** Workaround for io streams, stlport and msvc.
+#ifdef BOOST_IO_NEEDS_USING_DECLARATION
+namespace boost {
+  using std::char_traits;
+  using std::basic_ostream;
+  using std::basic_ostringstream;
+  namespace io {
+    using std::basic_ostream;
+    namespace detail {
+      using std::basic_ios;
+      using std::basic_ostream;
+      using std::basic_ostringstream;
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#endif // BOOST_FORMAT_MACROS_DEFAULT_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/format/parsing.cc b/nix/boost/format/parsing.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34c36adeb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/format/parsing.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//  Boost general library 'format'   ---------------------------
+//  See http://www.boost.org for updates, documentation, and revision history.
+
+//  (C) Samuel Krempp 2001
+//                  krempp@crans.ens-cachan.fr
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// ideas taken from Rudiger Loos's format class
+// and Karl Nelson's ofstream (also took its parsing code as basis for printf parsing)
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// parsing.hpp :  implementation of the parsing member functions
+//                      ( parse, parse_printf_directive)
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FORMAT_PARSING_HPP
+#define BOOST_FORMAT_PARSING_HPP
+
+
+#include <boost/format.hpp>
+#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
+#include <boost/assert.hpp>
+
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace io {
+namespace detail {
+
+  template<class Stream> inline
+  bool wrap_isdigit(char c, Stream &os) 
+  {
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LOCALE_ISIDIGIT
+    return std::isdigit(c, os.rdbuf()->getloc() );
+# else
+    using namespace std;
+    return isdigit(c); 
+#endif 
+  } //end- wrap_isdigit(..)
+
+  template<class Res> inline
+  Res str2int(const std::string& s, 
+              std::string::size_type start, 
+              BOOST_IO_STD ios &os,
+              const Res = Res(0)  ) 
+    // Input : char string, with starting index
+    //         a basic_ios& merely to call its widen/narrow member function in the desired locale.
+    // Effects : reads s[start:] and converts digits into an integral n, of type Res
+    // Returns : n
+  {
+    Res n = 0;
+    while(start<s.size() && wrap_isdigit(s[start], os) ) {
+      char cur_ch = s[start];
+      BOOST_ASSERT(cur_ch != 0 ); // since we called isdigit, this should not happen.
+      n *= 10;
+      n += cur_ch - '0'; // 22.2.1.1.2 of the C++ standard
+      ++start;
+    }
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  void skip_asterisk(const std::string & buf, 
+                     std::string::size_type * pos_p,
+                     BOOST_IO_STD ios &os)
+    // skip printf's "asterisk-fields" directives in the format-string buf
+    // Input : char string, with starting index *pos_p
+    //         a basic_ios& merely to call its widen/narrow member function in the desired locale.
+    // Effects : advance *pos_p by skipping printf's asterisk fields.
+    // Returns : nothing
+  {
+    using namespace std;
+    BOOST_ASSERT( pos_p != 0);
+    if(*pos_p >= buf.size() ) return;
+    if(buf[ *pos_p]=='*') {
+      ++ (*pos_p);
+      while (*pos_p < buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[*pos_p],os)) ++(*pos_p);
+      if(buf[*pos_p]=='$') ++(*pos_p);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  inline void maybe_throw_exception( unsigned char exceptions)
+    // auxiliary func called by parse_printf_directive
+    // for centralising error handling
+    // it either throws if user sets the corresponding flag, or does nothing.
+  {
+    if(exceptions & io::bad_format_string_bit)
+          boost::throw_exception(io::bad_format_string());
+  }
+    
+
+
+  bool parse_printf_directive(const std::string & buf,
+                              std::string::size_type * pos_p,
+                              detail::format_item * fpar,
+                              BOOST_IO_STD ios &os,
+                              unsigned char exceptions)
+    // Input   : a 'printf-directive' in the format-string, starting at buf[ *pos_p ]
+    //           a basic_ios& merely to call its widen/narrow member function in the desired locale.
+    //           a bitset'excpetions' telling whether to throw exceptions on errors.
+    // Returns : true if parse somehow succeeded (possibly ignoring errors if exceptions disabled) 
+    //           false if it failed so bad that the directive should be printed verbatim
+    // Effects : - *pos_p is incremented so that buf[*pos_p] is the first char after the directive
+    //           - *fpar is set with the parameters read in the directive
+  {
+    typedef format_item  format_item_t;
+    BOOST_ASSERT( pos_p != 0);
+    std::string::size_type       &i1 = *pos_p,      
+                                                        i0; 
+    fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_no_posit;  // if no positional-directive
+
+    bool in_brackets=false;
+    if(buf[i1]=='|')
+      {
+        in_brackets=true;
+        if( ++i1 >= buf.size() ) {
+          maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+    // the flag '0' would be picked as a digit for argument order, but here it's a flag :
+    if(buf[i1]=='0') 
+      goto parse_flags;
+
+    // handle argument order (%2$d)  or possibly width specification: %2d
+    i0 = i1;  // save position before digits
+    while (i1 < buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[i1], os))
+      ++i1;
+    if (i1!=i0) 
+      {
+        if( i1 >= buf.size() ) {
+          maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+          return false;
+        }
+        int n=str2int(buf,i0, os, int(0) );
+        
+        // %N% case : this is already the end of the directive
+        if( buf[i1] == '%' ) 
+          {
+            fpar->argN_ = n-1;
+            ++i1;
+            if( in_brackets) 
+              maybe_throw_exception(exceptions); 
+              // but don't return.  maybe "%" was used in lieu of '$', so we go on.
+            else return true;
+          }
+
+        if ( buf[i1]=='$' ) 
+          {
+            fpar->argN_ = n-1;
+            ++i1;
+          } 
+        else  
+          {
+            // non-positionnal directive
+            fpar->ref_state_.width_ = n;
+            fpar->argN_  = format_item_t::argN_no_posit;
+            goto parse_precision;
+          }
+      }
+    
+  parse_flags: 
+    // handle flags
+    while ( i1 <buf.size()) // as long as char is one of + - = # 0 l h   or ' '
+      {  
+        // misc switches
+        switch (buf[i1]) 
+          {
+          case '\'' : break; // no effect yet. (painful to implement)
+          case 'l':
+          case 'h':  // short/long modifier : for printf-comaptibility (no action needed)
+             break;
+          case '-':
+            fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios::left;
+            break;
+          case '=':
+            fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::centered;
+            break;
+          case ' ':
+            fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::spacepad;
+            break;
+          case '+':
+            fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios::showpos;
+            break;
+          case '0':
+            fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::zeropad; 
+            // need to know alignment before really setting flags,
+            // so just add 'zeropad' flag for now, it will be processed later.
+            break;
+          case '#':
+            fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios::showpoint | std::ios::showbase;
+            break;
+          default:
+            goto parse_width;
+          }
+        ++i1;
+      } // loop on flag.
+    if( i1>=buf.size()) {
+      maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      return true; 
+    }
+
+  parse_width:
+    // handle width spec
+    skip_asterisk(buf, &i1, os); // skips 'asterisk fields' :  *, or *N$
+    i0 = i1;  // save position before digits
+    while (i1<buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[i1], os))
+      i1++;
+    
+    if (i1!=i0) 
+      { fpar->ref_state_.width_ = str2int( buf,i0, os, std::streamsize(0) ); }
+
+  parse_precision:
+    if( i1>=buf.size()) { 
+      maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      return true;
+    }
+    // handle precision spec
+    if (buf[i1]=='.')  
+      {
+        ++i1;
+        skip_asterisk(buf, &i1, os);
+        i0 = i1;  // save position before digits
+        while (i1<buf.size() && wrap_isdigit(buf[i1], os))
+          ++i1;
+
+        if(i1==i0)
+          fpar->ref_state_.precision_ = 0;
+        else 
+          fpar->ref_state_.precision_ = str2int(buf,i0, os, std::streamsize(0) );
+      }
+    
+    // handle  formatting-type flags :
+    while( i1<buf.size() && 
+           ( buf[i1]=='l' || buf[i1]=='L' || buf[i1]=='h') )
+      ++i1;
+    if( i1>=buf.size()) {
+      maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      return true;
+    }
+    
+    if( in_brackets && buf[i1]=='|' ) 
+      {
+        ++i1;
+        return true;
+      }
+    switch (buf[i1])  
+      {
+      case 'X':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios::uppercase;
+      case 'p': // pointer => set hex.
+      case 'x':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios::hex;
+        break;
+      
+      case 'o':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios::oct;
+        break;
+
+      case 'E':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios::uppercase;
+      case 'e':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::floatfield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios::scientific;
+
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios::dec;
+        break;
+      
+      case 'f':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::floatfield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios::fixed;
+      case 'u':
+      case 'd':
+      case 'i':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios::dec;
+        break;
+
+      case 'T':
+        ++i1;
+        if( i1 >= buf.size())
+          maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+        else
+          fpar->ref_state_.fill_ = buf[i1];
+        fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::tabulation;
+        fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_tabulation; 
+        break;
+      case 't': 
+        fpar->ref_state_.fill_ = ' ';
+        fpar->pad_scheme_ |= format_item_t::tabulation;
+        fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_tabulation; 
+        break;
+
+      case 'G':
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |= std::ios::uppercase;
+        break;
+      case 'g': // 'g' conversion is default for floats.
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::basefield;
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ |=  std::ios::dec;
+
+        // CLEAR all floatield flags, so stream will CHOOSE
+        fpar->ref_state_.flags_ &= ~std::ios::floatfield; 
+        break;
+
+      case 'C':
+      case 'c': 
+        fpar->truncate_ = 1;
+        break;
+      case 'S':
+      case 's': 
+        fpar->truncate_ = fpar->ref_state_.precision_;
+        fpar->ref_state_.precision_ = -1;
+        break;
+      case 'n' :  
+        fpar->argN_ = format_item_t::argN_ignored;
+        break;
+      default: 
+        maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      }
+    ++i1;
+
+    if( in_brackets )
+      {
+        if( i1<buf.size() && buf[i1]=='|' ) 
+          {
+            ++i1;
+            return true;
+          }
+        else  maybe_throw_exception(exceptions);
+      }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+} // detail namespace
+} // io namespace
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------
+//  format :: parse(..)
+
+void basic_format::parse(const string_t & buf) 
+  // parse the format-string
+{
+    using namespace std;
+    const char arg_mark = '%';
+    bool ordered_args=true; 
+    int max_argN=-1;
+    string_t::size_type i1=0;
+    int num_items=0;
+    
+    // A: find upper_bound on num_items and allocates arrays
+    i1=0; 
+    while( (i1=buf.find(arg_mark,i1)) != string::npos ) 
+    {
+      if( i1+1 >= buf.size() ) {
+        if(exceptions() & io::bad_format_string_bit)
+          boost::throw_exception(io::bad_format_string()); // must not end in "bla bla %"
+        else break; // stop there, ignore last '%'
+      }
+      if(buf[i1+1] == buf[i1] ) { i1+=2; continue; } // escaped "%%" / "##"
+      ++i1;
+      
+      // in case of %N% directives, dont count it double (wastes allocations..) :
+      while(i1 < buf.size() && io::detail::wrap_isdigit(buf[i1],oss_)) ++i1;
+      if( i1 < buf.size() && buf[i1] == arg_mark ) ++ i1;
+
+      ++num_items;
+    }
+    items_.assign( num_items, format_item_t() );
+    
+    // B: Now the real parsing of the format string :
+    num_items=0;
+    i1 = 0;
+    string_t::size_type i0 = i1;
+    bool special_things=false;
+    int cur_it=0;
+    while( (i1=buf.find(arg_mark,i1)) != string::npos ) 
+    {
+      string_t & piece = (cur_it==0) ? prefix_ : items_[cur_it-1].appendix_;
+
+      if( buf[i1+1] == buf[i1] ) // escaped mark, '%%'
+      {
+        piece += buf.substr(i0, i1-i0) + buf[i1]; 
+        i1+=2; i0=i1;
+        continue; 
+      }
+      BOOST_ASSERT(  static_cast<unsigned int>(cur_it) < items_.size() || cur_it==0);
+
+      if(i1!=i0) piece += buf.substr(i0, i1-i0);
+      ++i1;
+      
+      bool parse_ok;
+      parse_ok = io::detail::parse_printf_directive(buf, &i1, &items_[cur_it], oss_, exceptions());
+      if( ! parse_ok ) continue; // the directive will be printed verbatim
+
+      i0=i1;
+      items_[cur_it].compute_states(); // process complex options, like zeropad, into stream params.
+
+      int argN=items_[cur_it].argN_;
+      if(argN == format_item_t::argN_ignored)
+        continue;
+      if(argN ==format_item_t::argN_no_posit)
+        ordered_args=false;
+      else if(argN == format_item_t::argN_tabulation) special_things=true;
+      else if(argN > max_argN) max_argN = argN;
+      ++num_items;
+      ++cur_it;
+    } // loop on %'s
+    BOOST_ASSERT(cur_it == num_items);
+    
+    // store the final piece of string
+    string_t & piece = (cur_it==0) ? prefix_ : items_[cur_it-1].appendix_;
+    piece += buf.substr(i0);
+    
+    if( !ordered_args) 
+    {
+      if(max_argN >= 0 )  // dont mix positional with non-positionnal directives
+        {
+          if(exceptions() & io::bad_format_string_bit)
+            boost::throw_exception(io::bad_format_string());
+          // else do nothing. => positionnal arguments are processed as non-positionnal
+        }
+      // set things like it would have been with positional directives :
+      int non_ordered_items = 0;
+      for(int i=0; i< num_items; ++i)
+        if(items_[i].argN_ == format_item_t::argN_no_posit) 
+          {
+            items_[i].argN_ = non_ordered_items;
+            ++non_ordered_items;
+          }
+      max_argN = non_ordered_items-1;
+    }
+    
+    // C: set some member data :
+    items_.resize(num_items);
+
+    if(special_things) style_ |= special_needs;
+    num_args_ = max_argN + 1;
+    if(ordered_args) style_ |=  ordered;
+    else style_ &= ~ordered;
+}
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+
+#endif //  BOOST_FORMAT_PARSING_HPP
diff --git a/nix/boost/throw_exception.hpp b/nix/boost/throw_exception.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07b4ae5cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/boost/throw_exception.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// MS compatible compilers support #pragma once
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1020)
+# pragma once
+#endif
+
+//
+//  boost/throw_exception.hpp
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2002 Peter Dimov and Multi Media Ltd.
+//
+//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software
+//  is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.
+//  This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+//
+//  http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/throw_exception.html
+//
+
+//#include <boost/config.hpp>
+
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <exception>
+#endif
+
+namespace boost
+{
+
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void throw_exception(std::exception const & e); // user defined
+
+#else
+
+template<class E> void throw_exception(E const & e)
+{
+    throw e;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif // #ifndef BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
diff --git a/nix/libstore/build.cc b/nix/libstore/build.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e2f92fadf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/build.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3351 @@
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "references.hh"
+#include "pathlocks.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "archive.hh"
+#include "affinity.hh"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+
+#include <bzlib.h>
+
+/* Includes required for chroot support. */
+#if HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SYS_MOUNT_H
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SCHED_H
+#include <sched.h>
+#endif
+
+/* In GNU libc 2.11, <sys/mount.h> does not define `MS_PRIVATE', but
+   <linux/fs.h> does.  */
+#if !defined MS_PRIVATE && defined HAVE_LINUX_FS_H
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#endif
+
+#define CHROOT_ENABLED HAVE_CHROOT && HAVE_UNSHARE && HAVE_SYS_MOUNT_H && defined(MS_BIND) && defined(MS_PRIVATE) && defined(CLONE_NEWNS)
+
+#if CHROOT_ENABLED
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_PERSONALITY_H
+#include <sys/personality.h>
+#define CAN_DO_LINUX32_BUILDS
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_STATVFS
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#endif
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+using std::map;
+
+
+static string pathNullDevice = "/dev/null";
+
+
+/* Forward definition. */
+class Worker;
+struct HookInstance;
+
+
+/* A pointer to a goal. */
+class Goal;
+typedef std::shared_ptr<Goal> GoalPtr;
+typedef std::weak_ptr<Goal> WeakGoalPtr;
+
+/* Set of goals. */
+typedef set<GoalPtr> Goals;
+typedef list<WeakGoalPtr> WeakGoals;
+
+/* A map of paths to goals (and the other way around). */
+typedef map<Path, WeakGoalPtr> WeakGoalMap;
+
+
+
+class Goal : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Goal>
+{
+public:
+    typedef enum {ecBusy, ecSuccess, ecFailed, ecNoSubstituters, ecIncompleteClosure} ExitCode;
+
+protected:
+
+    /* Backlink to the worker. */
+    Worker & worker;
+
+    /* Goals that this goal is waiting for. */
+    Goals waitees;
+
+    /* Goals waiting for this one to finish.  Must use weak pointers
+       here to prevent cycles. */
+    WeakGoals waiters;
+
+    /* Number of goals we are/were waiting for that have failed. */
+    unsigned int nrFailed;
+
+    /* Number of substitution goals we are/were waiting for that
+       failed because there are no substituters. */
+    unsigned int nrNoSubstituters;
+
+    /* Number of substitution goals we are/were waiting for that
+       failed because othey had unsubstitutable references. */
+    unsigned int nrIncompleteClosure;
+
+    /* Name of this goal for debugging purposes. */
+    string name;
+
+    /* Whether the goal is finished. */
+    ExitCode exitCode;
+
+    Goal(Worker & worker) : worker(worker)
+    {
+        nrFailed = nrNoSubstituters = nrIncompleteClosure = 0;
+        exitCode = ecBusy;
+    }
+
+    virtual ~Goal()
+    {
+        trace("goal destroyed");
+    }
+
+public:
+    virtual void work() = 0;
+
+    void addWaitee(GoalPtr waitee);
+
+    virtual void waiteeDone(GoalPtr waitee, ExitCode result);
+
+    virtual void handleChildOutput(int fd, const string & data)
+    {
+        abort();
+    }
+
+    virtual void handleEOF(int fd)
+    {
+        abort();
+    }
+
+    void trace(const format & f);
+
+    string getName()
+    {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    ExitCode getExitCode()
+    {
+        return exitCode;
+    }
+
+    /* Cancel the goal.  It should wake up its waiters, get rid of any
+       running child processes that are being monitored by the worker
+       (important!), etc. */
+    virtual void cancel(bool timeout) = 0;
+
+protected:
+    void amDone(ExitCode result);
+};
+
+
+/* A mapping used to remember for each child process to what goal it
+   belongs, and file descriptors for receiving log data and output
+   path creation commands. */
+struct Child
+{
+    WeakGoalPtr goal;
+    set<int> fds;
+    bool respectTimeouts;
+    bool inBuildSlot;
+    time_t lastOutput; /* time we last got output on stdout/stderr */
+    time_t timeStarted;
+};
+
+typedef map<pid_t, Child> Children;
+
+
+/* The worker class. */
+class Worker
+{
+private:
+
+    /* Note: the worker should only have strong pointers to the
+       top-level goals. */
+
+    /* The top-level goals of the worker. */
+    Goals topGoals;
+
+    /* Goals that are ready to do some work. */
+    WeakGoals awake;
+
+    /* Goals waiting for a build slot. */
+    WeakGoals wantingToBuild;
+
+    /* Child processes currently running. */
+    Children children;
+
+    /* Number of build slots occupied.  This includes local builds and
+       substitutions but not remote builds via the build hook. */
+    unsigned int nrLocalBuilds;
+
+    /* Maps used to prevent multiple instantiations of a goal for the
+       same derivation / path. */
+    WeakGoalMap derivationGoals;
+    WeakGoalMap substitutionGoals;
+
+    /* Goals waiting for busy paths to be unlocked. */
+    WeakGoals waitingForAnyGoal;
+
+    /* Goals sleeping for a few seconds (polling a lock). */
+    WeakGoals waitingForAWhile;
+
+    /* Last time the goals in `waitingForAWhile' where woken up. */
+    time_t lastWokenUp;
+
+public:
+
+    /* Set if at least one derivation had a BuildError (i.e. permanent
+       failure). */
+    bool permanentFailure;
+
+    LocalStore & store;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<HookInstance> hook;
+
+    Worker(LocalStore & store);
+    ~Worker();
+
+    /* Make a goal (with caching). */
+    GoalPtr makeDerivationGoal(const Path & drvPath, const StringSet & wantedOutputs, BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal);
+    GoalPtr makeSubstitutionGoal(const Path & storePath, bool repair = false);
+
+    /* Remove a dead goal. */
+    void removeGoal(GoalPtr goal);
+
+    /* Wake up a goal (i.e., there is something for it to do). */
+    void wakeUp(GoalPtr goal);
+
+    /* Return the number of local build and substitution processes
+       currently running (but not remote builds via the build
+       hook). */
+    unsigned int getNrLocalBuilds();
+
+    /* Registers a running child process.  `inBuildSlot' means that
+       the process counts towards the jobs limit. */
+    void childStarted(GoalPtr goal, pid_t pid,
+        const set<int> & fds, bool inBuildSlot, bool respectTimeouts);
+
+    /* Unregisters a running child process.  `wakeSleepers' should be
+       false if there is no sense in waking up goals that are sleeping
+       because they can't run yet (e.g., there is no free build slot,
+       or the hook would still say `postpone'). */
+    void childTerminated(pid_t pid, bool wakeSleepers = true);
+
+    /* Put `goal' to sleep until a build slot becomes available (which
+       might be right away). */
+    void waitForBuildSlot(GoalPtr goal);
+
+    /* Wait for any goal to finish.  Pretty indiscriminate way to
+       wait for some resource that some other goal is holding. */
+    void waitForAnyGoal(GoalPtr goal);
+
+    /* Wait for a few seconds and then retry this goal.  Used when
+       waiting for a lock held by another process.  This kind of
+       polling is inefficient, but POSIX doesn't really provide a way
+       to wait for multiple locks in the main select() loop. */
+    void waitForAWhile(GoalPtr goal);
+
+    /* Loop until the specified top-level goals have finished. */
+    void run(const Goals & topGoals);
+
+    /* Wait for input to become available. */
+    void waitForInput();
+
+    unsigned int exitStatus();
+};
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+void addToWeakGoals(WeakGoals & goals, GoalPtr p)
+{
+    // FIXME: necessary?
+    foreach (WeakGoals::iterator, i, goals)
+        if (i->lock() == p) return;
+    goals.push_back(p);
+}
+
+
+void Goal::addWaitee(GoalPtr waitee)
+{
+    waitees.insert(waitee);
+    addToWeakGoals(waitee->waiters, shared_from_this());
+}
+
+
+void Goal::waiteeDone(GoalPtr waitee, ExitCode result)
+{
+    assert(waitees.find(waitee) != waitees.end());
+    waitees.erase(waitee);
+
+    trace(format("waitee `%1%' done; %2% left") %
+        waitee->name % waitees.size());
+
+    if (result == ecFailed || result == ecNoSubstituters || result == ecIncompleteClosure) ++nrFailed;
+
+    if (result == ecNoSubstituters) ++nrNoSubstituters;
+
+    if (result == ecIncompleteClosure) ++nrIncompleteClosure;
+
+    if (waitees.empty() || (result == ecFailed && !settings.keepGoing)) {
+
+        /* If we failed and keepGoing is not set, we remove all
+           remaining waitees. */
+        foreach (Goals::iterator, i, waitees) {
+            GoalPtr goal = *i;
+            WeakGoals waiters2;
+            foreach (WeakGoals::iterator, j, goal->waiters)
+                if (j->lock() != shared_from_this()) waiters2.push_back(*j);
+            goal->waiters = waiters2;
+        }
+        waitees.clear();
+
+        worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Goal::amDone(ExitCode result)
+{
+    trace("done");
+    assert(exitCode == ecBusy);
+    assert(result == ecSuccess || result == ecFailed || result == ecNoSubstituters || result == ecIncompleteClosure);
+    exitCode = result;
+    foreach (WeakGoals::iterator, i, waiters) {
+        GoalPtr goal = i->lock();
+        if (goal) goal->waiteeDone(shared_from_this(), result);
+    }
+    waiters.clear();
+    worker.removeGoal(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+
+void Goal::trace(const format & f)
+{
+    debug(format("%1%: %2%") % name % f);
+}
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/* Common initialisation performed in child processes. */
+static void commonChildInit(Pipe & logPipe)
+{
+    restoreAffinity();
+
+    /* Put the child in a separate session (and thus a separate
+       process group) so that it has no controlling terminal (meaning
+       that e.g. ssh cannot open /dev/tty) and it doesn't receive
+       terminal signals. */
+    if (setsid() == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("creating a new session"));
+
+    /* Dup the write side of the logger pipe into stderr. */
+    if (dup2(logPipe.writeSide, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
+        throw SysError("cannot pipe standard error into log file");
+
+    /* Dup stderr to stdout. */
+    if (dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
+        throw SysError("cannot dup stderr into stdout");
+
+    /* Reroute stdin to /dev/null. */
+    int fdDevNull = open(pathNullDevice.c_str(), O_RDWR);
+    if (fdDevNull == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("cannot open `%1%'") % pathNullDevice);
+    if (dup2(fdDevNull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
+        throw SysError("cannot dup null device into stdin");
+    close(fdDevNull);
+}
+
+
+/* Convert a string list to an array of char pointers.  Careful: the
+   string list should outlive the array. */
+const char * * strings2CharPtrs(const Strings & ss)
+{
+    const char * * arr = new const char * [ss.size() + 1];
+    const char * * p = arr;
+    foreach (Strings::const_iterator, i, ss) *p++ = i->c_str();
+    *p = 0;
+    return arr;
+}
+
+
+/* Restore default handling of SIGPIPE, otherwise some programs will
+   randomly say "Broken pipe". */
+static void restoreSIGPIPE()
+{
+    struct sigaction act, oact;
+    act.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
+    act.sa_flags = 0;
+    sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
+    if (sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, &oact)) throw SysError("resetting SIGPIPE");
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+class UserLock
+{
+private:
+    /* POSIX locks suck.  If we have a lock on a file, and we open and
+       close that file again (without closing the original file
+       descriptor), we lose the lock.  So we have to be *very* careful
+       not to open a lock file on which we are holding a lock. */
+    static PathSet lockedPaths; /* !!! not thread-safe */
+
+    Path fnUserLock;
+    AutoCloseFD fdUserLock;
+
+    string user;
+    uid_t uid;
+    gid_t gid;
+
+public:
+    UserLock();
+    ~UserLock();
+
+    void acquire();
+    void release();
+
+    void kill();
+
+    string getUser() { return user; }
+    uid_t getUID() { return uid; }
+    uid_t getGID() { return gid; }
+
+    bool enabled() { return uid != 0; }
+
+};
+
+
+PathSet UserLock::lockedPaths;
+
+
+UserLock::UserLock()
+{
+    uid = gid = 0;
+}
+
+
+UserLock::~UserLock()
+{
+    release();
+}
+
+
+void UserLock::acquire()
+{
+    assert(uid == 0);
+
+    assert(settings.buildUsersGroup != "");
+
+    /* Get the members of the build-users-group. */
+    struct group * gr = getgrnam(settings.buildUsersGroup.c_str());
+    if (!gr)
+        throw Error(format("the group `%1%' specified in `build-users-group' does not exist")
+            % settings.buildUsersGroup);
+    gid = gr->gr_gid;
+
+    /* Copy the result of getgrnam. */
+    Strings users;
+    for (char * * p = gr->gr_mem; *p; ++p) {
+        debug(format("found build user `%1%'") % *p);
+        users.push_back(*p);
+    }
+
+    if (users.empty())
+        throw Error(format("the build users group `%1%' has no members")
+            % settings.buildUsersGroup);
+
+    /* Find a user account that isn't currently in use for another
+       build. */
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, users) {
+        debug(format("trying user `%1%'") % *i);
+
+        struct passwd * pw = getpwnam(i->c_str());
+        if (!pw)
+            throw Error(format("the user `%1%' in the group `%2%' does not exist")
+                % *i % settings.buildUsersGroup);
+
+        createDirs(settings.nixStateDir + "/userpool");
+
+        fnUserLock = (format("%1%/userpool/%2%") % settings.nixStateDir % pw->pw_uid).str();
+
+        if (lockedPaths.find(fnUserLock) != lockedPaths.end())
+            /* We already have a lock on this one. */
+            continue;
+
+        AutoCloseFD fd = open(fnUserLock.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
+        if (fd == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("opening user lock `%1%'") % fnUserLock);
+        closeOnExec(fd);
+
+        if (lockFile(fd, ltWrite, false)) {
+            fdUserLock = fd.borrow();
+            lockedPaths.insert(fnUserLock);
+            user = *i;
+            uid = pw->pw_uid;
+
+            /* Sanity check... */
+            if (uid == getuid() || uid == geteuid())
+                throw Error(format("the Nix user should not be a member of `%1%'")
+                    % settings.buildUsersGroup);
+
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    throw Error(format("all build users are currently in use; "
+        "consider creating additional users and adding them to the `%1%' group")
+        % settings.buildUsersGroup);
+}
+
+
+void UserLock::release()
+{
+    if (uid == 0) return;
+    fdUserLock.close(); /* releases lock */
+    assert(lockedPaths.find(fnUserLock) != lockedPaths.end());
+    lockedPaths.erase(fnUserLock);
+    fnUserLock = "";
+    uid = 0;
+}
+
+
+void UserLock::kill()
+{
+    assert(enabled());
+    killUser(uid);
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+struct HookInstance
+{
+    /* Pipes for talking to the build hook. */
+    Pipe toHook;
+
+    /* Pipe for the hook's standard output/error. */
+    Pipe fromHook;
+
+    /* Pipe for the builder's standard output/error. */
+    Pipe builderOut;
+
+    /* The process ID of the hook. */
+    Pid pid;
+
+    HookInstance();
+
+    ~HookInstance();
+};
+
+
+HookInstance::HookInstance()
+{
+    debug("starting build hook");
+
+    Path buildHook = absPath(getEnv("NIX_BUILD_HOOK"));
+
+    /* Create a pipe to get the output of the child. */
+    fromHook.create();
+
+    /* Create the communication pipes. */
+    toHook.create();
+
+    /* Create a pipe to get the output of the builder. */
+    builderOut.create();
+
+    /* Fork the hook. */
+    pid = maybeVfork();
+    switch (pid) {
+
+    case -1:
+        throw SysError("unable to fork");
+
+    case 0:
+        try { /* child */
+
+            commonChildInit(fromHook);
+
+            if (chdir("/") == -1) throw SysError("changing into `/");
+
+            /* Dup the communication pipes. */
+            if (dup2(toHook.readSide, STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
+                throw SysError("dupping to-hook read side");
+
+            /* Use fd 4 for the builder's stdout/stderr. */
+            if (dup2(builderOut.writeSide, 4) == -1)
+                throw SysError("dupping builder's stdout/stderr");
+
+            execl(buildHook.c_str(), buildHook.c_str(), settings.thisSystem.c_str(),
+                (format("%1%") % settings.maxSilentTime).str().c_str(),
+                (format("%1%") % settings.printBuildTrace).str().c_str(),
+                (format("%1%") % settings.buildTimeout).str().c_str(),
+                NULL);
+
+            throw SysError(format("executing `%1%'") % buildHook);
+
+        } catch (std::exception & e) {
+            writeToStderr("build hook error: " + string(e.what()) + "\n");
+        }
+        _exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* parent */
+    pid.setSeparatePG(true);
+    pid.setKillSignal(SIGTERM);
+    fromHook.writeSide.close();
+    toHook.readSide.close();
+}
+
+
+HookInstance::~HookInstance()
+{
+    try {
+        pid.kill();
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+typedef map<string, string> HashRewrites;
+
+
+string rewriteHashes(string s, const HashRewrites & rewrites)
+{
+    foreach (HashRewrites::const_iterator, i, rewrites) {
+        assert(i->first.size() == i->second.size());
+        size_t j = 0;
+        while ((j = s.find(i->first, j)) != string::npos) {
+            debug(format("rewriting @ %1%") % j);
+            s.replace(j, i->second.size(), i->second);
+        }
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+typedef enum {rpAccept, rpDecline, rpPostpone} HookReply;
+
+class SubstitutionGoal;
+
+class DerivationGoal : public Goal
+{
+private:
+    /* The path of the derivation. */
+    Path drvPath;
+
+    /* The specific outputs that we need to build.  Empty means all of
+       them. */
+    StringSet wantedOutputs;
+
+    /* Whether additional wanted outputs have been added. */
+    bool needRestart;
+
+    /* Whether to retry substituting the outputs after building the
+       inputs. */
+    bool retrySubstitution;
+
+    /* The derivation stored at drvPath. */
+    Derivation drv;
+
+    /* The remainder is state held during the build. */
+
+    /* Locks on the output paths. */
+    PathLocks outputLocks;
+
+    /* All input paths (that is, the union of FS closures of the
+       immediate input paths). */
+    PathSet inputPaths;
+
+    /* Referenceable paths (i.e., input and output paths). */
+    PathSet allPaths;
+
+    /* Outputs that are already valid.  If we're repairing, these are
+       the outputs that are valid *and* not corrupt. */
+    PathSet validPaths;
+
+    /* Outputs that are corrupt or not valid. */
+    PathSet missingPaths;
+
+    /* User selected for running the builder. */
+    UserLock buildUser;
+
+    /* The process ID of the builder. */
+    Pid pid;
+
+    /* The temporary directory. */
+    Path tmpDir;
+
+    /* File descriptor for the log file. */
+    FILE * fLogFile;
+    BZFILE * bzLogFile;
+    AutoCloseFD fdLogFile;
+
+    /* Number of bytes received from the builder's stdout/stderr. */
+    unsigned long logSize;
+
+    /* Pipe for the builder's standard output/error. */
+    Pipe builderOut;
+
+    /* The build hook. */
+    std::shared_ptr<HookInstance> hook;
+
+    /* Whether we're currently doing a chroot build. */
+    bool useChroot;
+
+    Path chrootRootDir;
+
+    /* RAII object to delete the chroot directory. */
+    std::shared_ptr<AutoDelete> autoDelChroot;
+
+    /* All inputs that are regular files. */
+    PathSet regularInputPaths;
+
+    /* Whether this is a fixed-output derivation. */
+    bool fixedOutput;
+
+    typedef void (DerivationGoal::*GoalState)();
+    GoalState state;
+
+    /* Stuff we need to pass to initChild(). */
+    typedef map<Path, Path> DirsInChroot; // maps target path to source path
+    DirsInChroot dirsInChroot;
+    typedef map<string, string> Environment;
+    Environment env;
+
+    /* Hash rewriting. */
+    HashRewrites rewritesToTmp, rewritesFromTmp;
+    typedef map<Path, Path> RedirectedOutputs;
+    RedirectedOutputs redirectedOutputs;
+
+    BuildMode buildMode;
+
+    /* If we're repairing without a chroot, there may be outputs that
+       are valid but corrupt.  So we redirect these outputs to
+       temporary paths. */
+    PathSet redirectedBadOutputs;
+
+    /* Set of inodes seen during calls to canonicalisePathMetaData()
+       for this build's outputs.  This needs to be shared between
+       outputs to allow hard links between outputs. */
+    InodesSeen inodesSeen;
+
+    /* Magic exit code denoting that setting up the child environment
+       failed.  (It's possible that the child actually returns the
+       exit code, but ah well.) */
+    const static int childSetupFailed = 189;
+
+public:
+    DerivationGoal(const Path & drvPath, const StringSet & wantedOutputs, Worker & worker, BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal);
+    ~DerivationGoal();
+
+    void cancel(bool timeout);
+
+    void work();
+
+    Path getDrvPath()
+    {
+        return drvPath;
+    }
+
+    /* Add wanted outputs to an already existing derivation goal. */
+    void addWantedOutputs(const StringSet & outputs);
+
+private:
+    /* The states. */
+    void init();
+    void haveDerivation();
+    void outputsSubstituted();
+    void closureRepaired();
+    void inputsRealised();
+    void tryToBuild();
+    void buildDone();
+
+    /* Is the build hook willing to perform the build? */
+    HookReply tryBuildHook();
+
+    /* Start building a derivation. */
+    void startBuilder();
+
+    /* Initialise the builder's process. */
+    void initChild();
+
+    friend int childEntry(void *);
+
+    /* Check that the derivation outputs all exist and register them
+       as valid. */
+    void registerOutputs();
+
+    /* Open a log file and a pipe to it. */
+    Path openLogFile();
+
+    /* Close the log file. */
+    void closeLogFile();
+
+    /* Delete the temporary directory, if we have one. */
+    void deleteTmpDir(bool force);
+
+    /* Callback used by the worker to write to the log. */
+    void handleChildOutput(int fd, const string & data);
+    void handleEOF(int fd);
+
+    /* Return the set of (in)valid paths. */
+    PathSet checkPathValidity(bool returnValid, bool checkHash);
+
+    /* Abort the goal if `path' failed to build. */
+    bool pathFailed(const Path & path);
+
+    /* Forcibly kill the child process, if any. */
+    void killChild();
+
+    Path addHashRewrite(const Path & path);
+
+    void repairClosure();
+};
+
+
+DerivationGoal::DerivationGoal(const Path & drvPath, const StringSet & wantedOutputs, Worker & worker, BuildMode buildMode)
+    : Goal(worker)
+    , wantedOutputs(wantedOutputs)
+    , needRestart(false)
+    , retrySubstitution(false)
+    , fLogFile(0)
+    , bzLogFile(0)
+    , useChroot(false)
+    , buildMode(buildMode)
+{
+    this->drvPath = drvPath;
+    state = &DerivationGoal::init;
+    name = (format("building of `%1%'") % drvPath).str();
+    trace("created");
+}
+
+
+DerivationGoal::~DerivationGoal()
+{
+    /* Careful: we should never ever throw an exception from a
+       destructor. */
+    try {
+        killChild();
+        deleteTmpDir(false);
+        closeLogFile();
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::killChild()
+{
+    if (pid != -1) {
+        worker.childTerminated(pid);
+
+        if (buildUser.enabled()) {
+            /* If we're using a build user, then there is a tricky
+               race condition: if we kill the build user before the
+               child has done its setuid() to the build user uid, then
+               it won't be killed, and we'll potentially lock up in
+               pid.wait().  So also send a conventional kill to the
+               child. */
+            ::kill(-pid, SIGKILL); /* ignore the result */
+            buildUser.kill();
+            pid.wait(true);
+        } else
+            pid.kill();
+
+        assert(pid == -1);
+    }
+
+    hook.reset();
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::cancel(bool timeout)
+{
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace && timeout)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ build-failed %1% - timeout") % drvPath);
+    killChild();
+    amDone(ecFailed);
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::work()
+{
+    (this->*state)();
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::addWantedOutputs(const StringSet & outputs)
+{
+    /* If we already want all outputs, there is nothing to do. */
+    if (wantedOutputs.empty()) return;
+
+    if (outputs.empty()) {
+        wantedOutputs.clear();
+        needRestart = true;
+    } else
+        foreach (StringSet::const_iterator, i, outputs)
+            if (wantedOutputs.find(*i) == wantedOutputs.end()) {
+                wantedOutputs.insert(*i);
+                needRestart = true;
+            }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::init()
+{
+    trace("init");
+
+    if (settings.readOnlyMode)
+        throw Error(format("cannot build derivation `%1%' - no write access to the Nix store") % drvPath);
+
+    /* The first thing to do is to make sure that the derivation
+       exists.  If it doesn't, it may be created through a
+       substitute. */
+    addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(drvPath));
+
+    state = &DerivationGoal::haveDerivation;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::haveDerivation()
+{
+    trace("loading derivation");
+
+    if (nrFailed != 0) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("cannot build missing derivation `%1%'") % drvPath);
+        amDone(ecFailed);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* `drvPath' should already be a root, but let's be on the safe
+       side: if the user forgot to make it a root, we wouldn't want
+       things being garbage collected while we're busy. */
+    worker.store.addTempRoot(drvPath);
+
+    assert(worker.store.isValidPath(drvPath));
+
+    /* Get the derivation. */
+    drv = derivationFromPath(worker.store, drvPath);
+
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+        worker.store.addTempRoot(i->second.path);
+
+    /* Check what outputs paths are not already valid. */
+    PathSet invalidOutputs = checkPathValidity(false, buildMode == bmRepair);
+
+    /* If they are all valid, then we're done. */
+    if (invalidOutputs.size() == 0 && buildMode == bmNormal) {
+        amDone(ecSuccess);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Check whether any output previously failed to build.  If so,
+       don't bother. */
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, invalidOutputs)
+        if (pathFailed(*i)) return;
+
+    /* We are first going to try to create the invalid output paths
+       through substitutes.  If that doesn't work, we'll build
+       them. */
+    if (settings.useSubstitutes && !willBuildLocally(drv))
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, invalidOutputs)
+            addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(*i, buildMode == bmRepair));
+
+    if (waitees.empty()) /* to prevent hang (no wake-up event) */
+        outputsSubstituted();
+    else
+        state = &DerivationGoal::outputsSubstituted;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::outputsSubstituted()
+{
+    trace("all outputs substituted (maybe)");
+
+    if (nrFailed > 0 && nrFailed > nrNoSubstituters + nrIncompleteClosure && !settings.tryFallback)
+        throw Error(format("some substitutes for the outputs of derivation `%1%' failed (usually happens due to networking issues); try `--fallback' to build derivation from source ") % drvPath);
+
+    /*  If the substitutes form an incomplete closure, then we should
+        build the dependencies of this derivation, but after that, we
+        can still use the substitutes for this derivation itself. */
+    if (nrIncompleteClosure > 0 && !retrySubstitution) retrySubstitution = true;
+
+    nrFailed = nrNoSubstituters = nrIncompleteClosure = 0;
+
+    if (needRestart) {
+        needRestart = false;
+        haveDerivation();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    unsigned int nrInvalid = checkPathValidity(false, buildMode == bmRepair).size();
+    if (buildMode == bmNormal && nrInvalid == 0) {
+        amDone(ecSuccess);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (buildMode == bmRepair && nrInvalid == 0) {
+        repairClosure();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (buildMode == bmCheck && nrInvalid > 0)
+        throw Error(format("some outputs of `%1%' are not valid, so checking is not possible") % drvPath);
+
+    /* Otherwise, at least one of the output paths could not be
+       produced using a substitute.  So we have to build instead. */
+
+    /* Make sure checkPathValidity() from now on checks all
+       outputs. */
+    wantedOutputs = PathSet();
+
+    /* The inputs must be built before we can build this goal. */
+    foreach (DerivationInputs::iterator, i, drv.inputDrvs)
+        addWaitee(worker.makeDerivationGoal(i->first, i->second, buildMode == bmRepair ? bmRepair : bmNormal));
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, drv.inputSrcs)
+        addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(*i));
+
+    if (waitees.empty()) /* to prevent hang (no wake-up event) */
+        inputsRealised();
+    else
+        state = &DerivationGoal::inputsRealised;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::repairClosure()
+{
+    /* If we're repairing, we now know that our own outputs are valid.
+       Now check whether the other paths in the outputs closure are
+       good.  If not, then start derivation goals for the derivations
+       that produced those outputs. */
+
+    /* Get the output closure. */
+    PathSet outputClosure;
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+        computeFSClosure(worker.store, i->second.path, outputClosure);
+
+    /* Filter out our own outputs (which we have already checked). */
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+        outputClosure.erase(i->second.path);
+
+    /* Get all dependencies of this derivation so that we know which
+       derivation is responsible for which path in the output
+       closure. */
+    PathSet inputClosure;
+    computeFSClosure(worker.store, drvPath, inputClosure);
+    std::map<Path, Path> outputsToDrv;
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, inputClosure)
+        if (isDerivation(*i)) {
+            Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(worker.store, *i);
+            foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, j, drv.outputs)
+                outputsToDrv[j->second.path] = *i;
+        }
+
+    /* Check each path (slow!). */
+    PathSet broken;
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, outputClosure) {
+        if (worker.store.pathContentsGood(*i)) continue;
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("found corrupted or missing path `%1%' in the output closure of `%2%'") % *i % drvPath);
+        Path drvPath2 = outputsToDrv[*i];
+        if (drvPath2 == "")
+            addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(*i, true));
+        else
+            addWaitee(worker.makeDerivationGoal(drvPath2, PathSet(), bmRepair));
+    }
+
+    if (waitees.empty()) {
+        amDone(ecSuccess);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    state = &DerivationGoal::closureRepaired;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::closureRepaired()
+{
+    trace("closure repaired");
+    if (nrFailed > 0)
+        throw Error(format("some paths in the output closure of derivation `%1%' could not be repaired") % drvPath);
+    amDone(ecSuccess);
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
+{
+    trace("all inputs realised");
+
+    if (nrFailed != 0) {
+        printMsg(lvlError,
+            format("cannot build derivation `%1%': %2% dependencies couldn't be built")
+            % drvPath % nrFailed);
+        amDone(ecFailed);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (retrySubstitution) {
+        haveDerivation();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Gather information necessary for computing the closure and/or
+       running the build hook. */
+
+    /* The outputs are referenceable paths. */
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs) {
+        debug(format("building path `%1%'") % i->second.path);
+        allPaths.insert(i->second.path);
+    }
+
+    /* Determine the full set of input paths. */
+
+    /* First, the input derivations. */
+    foreach (DerivationInputs::iterator, i, drv.inputDrvs) {
+        /* Add the relevant output closures of the input derivation
+           `*i' as input paths.  Only add the closures of output paths
+           that are specified as inputs. */
+        assert(worker.store.isValidPath(i->first));
+        Derivation inDrv = derivationFromPath(worker.store, i->first);
+        foreach (StringSet::iterator, j, i->second)
+            if (inDrv.outputs.find(*j) != inDrv.outputs.end())
+                computeFSClosure(worker.store, inDrv.outputs[*j].path, inputPaths);
+            else
+                throw Error(
+                    format("derivation `%1%' requires non-existent output `%2%' from input derivation `%3%'")
+                    % drvPath % *j % i->first);
+    }
+
+    /* Second, the input sources. */
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, drv.inputSrcs)
+        computeFSClosure(worker.store, *i, inputPaths);
+
+    debug(format("added input paths %1%") % showPaths(inputPaths));
+
+    allPaths.insert(inputPaths.begin(), inputPaths.end());
+
+    /* Is this a fixed-output derivation? */
+    fixedOutput = true;
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+        if (i->second.hash == "") fixedOutput = false;
+
+    /* Okay, try to build.  Note that here we don't wait for a build
+       slot to become available, since we don't need one if there is a
+       build hook. */
+    state = &DerivationGoal::tryToBuild;
+    worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+
+PathSet outputPaths(const DerivationOutputs & outputs)
+{
+    PathSet paths;
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::const_iterator, i, outputs)
+        paths.insert(i->second.path);
+    return paths;
+}
+
+
+static string get(const StringPairs & map, const string & key)
+{
+    StringPairs::const_iterator i = map.find(key);
+    return i == map.end() ? (string) "" : i->second;
+}
+
+
+static bool canBuildLocally(const string & platform)
+{
+    return platform == settings.thisSystem
+#ifdef CAN_DO_LINUX32_BUILDS
+        || (platform == "i686-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "x86_64-linux")
+#endif
+        ;
+}
+
+
+bool willBuildLocally(const Derivation & drv)
+{
+    return get(drv.env, "preferLocalBuild") == "1" && canBuildLocally(drv.platform);
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
+{
+    trace("trying to build");
+
+    /* Check for the possibility that some other goal in this process
+       has locked the output since we checked in haveDerivation().
+       (It can't happen between here and the lockPaths() call below
+       because we're not allowing multi-threading.)  If so, put this
+       goal to sleep until another goal finishes, then try again. */
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+        if (pathIsLockedByMe(i->second.path)) {
+            debug(format("putting derivation `%1%' to sleep because `%2%' is locked by another goal")
+                % drvPath % i->second.path);
+            worker.waitForAnyGoal(shared_from_this());
+            return;
+        }
+
+    /* Obtain locks on all output paths.  The locks are automatically
+       released when we exit this function or Nix crashes.  If we
+       can't acquire the lock, then continue; hopefully some other
+       goal can start a build, and if not, the main loop will sleep a
+       few seconds and then retry this goal. */
+    if (!outputLocks.lockPaths(outputPaths(drv.outputs), "", false)) {
+        worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Now check again whether the outputs are valid.  This is because
+       another process may have started building in parallel.  After
+       it has finished and released the locks, we can (and should)
+       reuse its results.  (Strictly speaking the first check can be
+       omitted, but that would be less efficient.)  Note that since we
+       now hold the locks on the output paths, no other process can
+       build this derivation, so no further checks are necessary. */
+    validPaths = checkPathValidity(true, buildMode == bmRepair);
+    assert(buildMode != bmCheck || validPaths.size() == drv.outputs.size());
+    if (buildMode != bmCheck && validPaths.size() == drv.outputs.size()) {
+        debug(format("skipping build of derivation `%1%', someone beat us to it") % drvPath);
+        outputLocks.setDeletion(true);
+        amDone(ecSuccess);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    missingPaths = outputPaths(drv.outputs);
+    if (buildMode != bmCheck)
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, validPaths) missingPaths.erase(*i);
+
+    /* If any of the outputs already exist but are not valid, delete
+       them. */
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs) {
+        Path path = i->second.path;
+        if (worker.store.isValidPath(path)) continue;
+        if (!pathExists(path)) continue;
+        debug(format("removing invalid path `%1%'") % path);
+        deletePath(path);
+    }
+
+    /* Check again whether any output previously failed to build,
+       because some other process may have tried and failed before we
+       acquired the lock. */
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+        if (pathFailed(i->second.path)) return;
+
+    /* Don't do a remote build if the derivation has the attribute
+       `preferLocalBuild' set.  Also, check and repair modes are only
+       supported for local builds. */
+    bool buildLocally = buildMode != bmNormal || willBuildLocally(drv);
+
+    /* Is the build hook willing to accept this job? */
+    if (!buildLocally) {
+        switch (tryBuildHook()) {
+            case rpAccept:
+                /* Yes, it has started doing so.  Wait until we get
+                   EOF from the hook. */
+                state = &DerivationGoal::buildDone;
+                return;
+            case rpPostpone:
+                /* Not now; wait until at least one child finishes or
+                   the wake-up timeout expires. */
+                worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+                outputLocks.unlock();
+                return;
+            case rpDecline:
+                /* We should do it ourselves. */
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure that we are allowed to start a build.  If this
+       derivation prefers to be done locally, do it even if
+       maxBuildJobs is 0. */
+    unsigned int curBuilds = worker.getNrLocalBuilds();
+    if (curBuilds >= settings.maxBuildJobs && !(buildLocally && curBuilds == 0)) {
+        worker.waitForBuildSlot(shared_from_this());
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+
+        /* Okay, we have to build. */
+        startBuilder();
+
+    } catch (BuildError & e) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, e.msg());
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+        buildUser.release();
+        if (settings.printBuildTrace)
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("@ build-failed %1% - %2% %3%")
+                % drvPath % 0 % e.msg());
+        worker.permanentFailure = true;
+        amDone(ecFailed);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* This state will be reached when we get EOF on the child's
+       log pipe. */
+    state = &DerivationGoal::buildDone;
+}
+
+
+void replaceValidPath(const Path & storePath, const Path tmpPath)
+{
+    /* We can't atomically replace storePath (the original) with
+       tmpPath (the replacement), so we have to move it out of the
+       way first.  We'd better not be interrupted here, because if
+       we're repairing (say) Glibc, we end up with a broken system. */
+    Path oldPath = (format("%1%.old-%2%-%3%") % storePath % getpid() % rand()).str();
+    if (pathExists(storePath))
+        rename(storePath.c_str(), oldPath.c_str());
+    if (rename(tmpPath.c_str(), storePath.c_str()) == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("moving `%1%' to `%2%'") % tmpPath % storePath);
+    if (pathExists(oldPath))
+        deletePath(oldPath);
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::buildDone()
+{
+    trace("build done");
+
+    /* Since we got an EOF on the logger pipe, the builder is presumed
+       to have terminated.  In fact, the builder could also have
+       simply have closed its end of the pipe --- just don't do that
+       :-) */
+    int status;
+    pid_t savedPid;
+    if (hook) {
+        savedPid = hook->pid;
+        status = hook->pid.wait(true);
+    } else {
+        /* !!! this could block! security problem! solution: kill the
+           child */
+        savedPid = pid;
+        status = pid.wait(true);
+    }
+
+    debug(format("builder process for `%1%' finished") % drvPath);
+
+    /* So the child is gone now. */
+    worker.childTerminated(savedPid);
+
+    /* Close the read side of the logger pipe. */
+    if (hook) {
+        hook->builderOut.readSide.close();
+        hook->fromHook.readSide.close();
+    }
+    else builderOut.readSide.close();
+
+    /* Close the log file. */
+    closeLogFile();
+
+    /* When running under a build user, make sure that all processes
+       running under that uid are gone.  This is to prevent a
+       malicious user from leaving behind a process that keeps files
+       open and modifies them after they have been chown'ed to
+       root. */
+    if (buildUser.enabled()) buildUser.kill();
+
+    bool diskFull = false;
+
+    try {
+
+        /* Check the exit status. */
+        if (!statusOk(status)) {
+
+            /* Heuristically check whether the build failure may have
+               been caused by a disk full condition.  We have no way
+               of knowing whether the build actually got an ENOSPC.
+               So instead, check if the disk is (nearly) full now.  If
+               so, we don't mark this build as a permanent failure. */
+#if HAVE_STATVFS
+            unsigned long long required = 8ULL * 1024 * 1024; // FIXME: make configurable
+            struct statvfs st;
+            if (statvfs(settings.nixStore.c_str(), &st) == 0 &&
+                (unsigned long long) st.f_bavail * st.f_bsize < required)
+                diskFull = true;
+            if (statvfs(tmpDir.c_str(), &st) == 0 &&
+                (unsigned long long) st.f_bavail * st.f_bsize < required)
+                diskFull = true;
+#endif
+
+            deleteTmpDir(false);
+
+            /* Move paths out of the chroot for easier debugging of
+               build failures. */
+            if (useChroot && buildMode == bmNormal)
+                foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, missingPaths)
+                    if (pathExists(chrootRootDir + *i))
+                        rename((chrootRootDir + *i).c_str(), i->c_str());
+
+            if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == childSetupFailed)
+                throw Error(format("failed to set up the build environment for `%1%'") % drvPath);
+
+            if (diskFull)
+                printMsg(lvlError, "note: build failure may have been caused by lack of free disk space");
+
+            throw BuildError(format("builder for `%1%' %2%")
+                % drvPath % statusToString(status));
+        }
+
+        /* Compute the FS closure of the outputs and register them as
+           being valid. */
+        registerOutputs();
+
+        if (buildMode == bmCheck) {
+            amDone(ecSuccess);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /* Delete unused redirected outputs (when doing hash rewriting). */
+        foreach (RedirectedOutputs::iterator, i, redirectedOutputs)
+            if (pathExists(i->second)) deletePath(i->second);
+
+        /* Delete the chroot (if we were using one). */
+        autoDelChroot.reset(); /* this runs the destructor */
+
+        deleteTmpDir(true);
+
+        /* It is now safe to delete the lock files, since all future
+           lockers will see that the output paths are valid; they will
+           not create new lock files with the same names as the old
+           (unlinked) lock files. */
+        outputLocks.setDeletion(true);
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+
+    } catch (BuildError & e) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, e.msg());
+        outputLocks.unlock();
+        buildUser.release();
+
+        /* When using a build hook, the hook will return a remote
+           build failure using exit code 100.  Anything else is a hook
+           problem. */
+        bool hookError = hook &&
+            (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 100);
+
+        if (settings.printBuildTrace) {
+            if (hook && hookError)
+                printMsg(lvlError, format("@ hook-failed %1% - %2% %3%")
+                    % drvPath % status % e.msg());
+            else
+                printMsg(lvlError, format("@ build-failed %1% - %2% %3%")
+                    % drvPath % 1 % e.msg());
+        }
+
+        /* Register the outputs of this build as "failed" so we won't
+           try to build them again (negative caching).  However, don't
+           do this for fixed-output derivations, since they're likely
+           to fail for transient reasons (e.g., fetchurl not being
+           able to access the network).  Hook errors (like
+           communication problems with the remote machine) shouldn't
+           be cached either. */
+        if (settings.cacheFailure && !hookError && !fixedOutput)
+            foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+                worker.store.registerFailedPath(i->second.path);
+
+        worker.permanentFailure = !hookError && !fixedOutput && !diskFull;
+        amDone(ecFailed);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Release the build user, if applicable. */
+    buildUser.release();
+
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ build-succeeded %1% -") % drvPath);
+
+    amDone(ecSuccess);
+}
+
+
+HookReply DerivationGoal::tryBuildHook()
+{
+    if (!settings.useBuildHook || getEnv("NIX_BUILD_HOOK") == "") return rpDecline;
+
+    if (!worker.hook)
+        worker.hook = std::shared_ptr<HookInstance>(new HookInstance);
+
+    /* Tell the hook about system features (beyond the system type)
+       required from the build machine.  (The hook could parse the
+       drv file itself, but this is easier.) */
+    Strings features = tokenizeString<Strings>(get(drv.env, "requiredSystemFeatures"));
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, features) checkStoreName(*i); /* !!! abuse */
+
+    /* Send the request to the hook. */
+    writeLine(worker.hook->toHook.writeSide, (format("%1% %2% %3% %4%")
+        % (worker.getNrLocalBuilds() < settings.maxBuildJobs ? "1" : "0")
+        % drv.platform % drvPath % concatStringsSep(",", features)).str());
+
+    /* Read the first line of input, which should be a word indicating
+       whether the hook wishes to perform the build. */
+    string reply;
+    while (true) {
+        string s = readLine(worker.hook->fromHook.readSide);
+        if (string(s, 0, 2) == "# ") {
+            reply = string(s, 2);
+            break;
+        }
+        s += "\n";
+        writeToStderr(s);
+    }
+
+    debug(format("hook reply is `%1%'") % reply);
+
+    if (reply == "decline" || reply == "postpone")
+        return reply == "decline" ? rpDecline : rpPostpone;
+    else if (reply != "accept")
+        throw Error(format("bad hook reply `%1%'") % reply);
+
+    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("using hook to build path(s) %1%") % showPaths(missingPaths));
+
+    hook = worker.hook;
+    worker.hook.reset();
+
+    /* Tell the hook all the inputs that have to be copied to the
+       remote system.  This unfortunately has to contain the entire
+       derivation closure to ensure that the validity invariant holds
+       on the remote system.  (I.e., it's unfortunate that we have to
+       list it since the remote system *probably* already has it.) */
+    PathSet allInputs;
+    allInputs.insert(inputPaths.begin(), inputPaths.end());
+    computeFSClosure(worker.store, drvPath, allInputs);
+
+    string s;
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, allInputs) { s += *i; s += ' '; }
+    writeLine(hook->toHook.writeSide, s);
+
+    /* Tell the hooks the missing outputs that have to be copied back
+       from the remote system. */
+    s = "";
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, missingPaths) { s += *i; s += ' '; }
+    writeLine(hook->toHook.writeSide, s);
+
+    hook->toHook.writeSide.close();
+
+    /* Create the log file and pipe. */
+    Path logFile = openLogFile();
+
+    set<int> fds;
+    fds.insert(hook->fromHook.readSide);
+    fds.insert(hook->builderOut.readSide);
+    worker.childStarted(shared_from_this(), hook->pid, fds, false, false);
+
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ build-started %1% - %2% %3%")
+            % drvPath % drv.platform % logFile);
+
+    return rpAccept;
+}
+
+
+void chmod_(const Path & path, mode_t mode)
+{
+    if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode) == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("setting permissions on `%1%'") % path);
+}
+
+
+int childEntry(void * arg)
+{
+    ((DerivationGoal *) arg)->initChild();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
+{
+    startNest(nest, lvlInfo, format(
+            buildMode == bmRepair ? "repairing path(s) %1%" :
+            buildMode == bmCheck ? "checking path(s) %1%" :
+            "building path(s) %1%") % showPaths(missingPaths));
+
+    /* Right platform? */
+    if (!canBuildLocally(drv.platform)) {
+        if (settings.printBuildTrace)
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("@ unsupported-platform %1% %2%") % drvPath % drv.platform);
+        throw Error(
+            format("a `%1%' is required to build `%3%', but I am a `%2%'")
+            % drv.platform % settings.thisSystem % drvPath);
+    }
+
+    /* Construct the environment passed to the builder. */
+
+    /* Most shells initialise PATH to some default (/bin:/usr/bin:...) when
+       PATH is not set.  We don't want this, so we fill it in with some dummy
+       value. */
+    env["PATH"] = "/path-not-set";
+
+    /* Set HOME to a non-existing path to prevent certain programs from using
+       /etc/passwd (or NIS, or whatever) to locate the home directory (for
+       example, wget looks for ~/.wgetrc).  I.e., these tools use /etc/passwd
+       if HOME is not set, but they will just assume that the settings file
+       they are looking for does not exist if HOME is set but points to some
+       non-existing path. */
+    Path homeDir = "/homeless-shelter";
+    env["HOME"] = homeDir;
+
+    /* Tell the builder where the Nix store is.  Usually they
+       shouldn't care, but this is useful for purity checking (e.g.,
+       the compiler or linker might only want to accept paths to files
+       in the store or in the build directory). */
+    env["NIX_STORE"] = settings.nixStore;
+
+    /* The maximum number of cores to utilize for parallel building. */
+    env["NIX_BUILD_CORES"] = (format("%d") % settings.buildCores).str();
+
+    /* Add all bindings specified in the derivation. */
+    foreach (StringPairs::iterator, i, drv.env)
+        env[i->first] = i->second;
+
+    /* Create a temporary directory where the build will take
+       place. */
+    tmpDir = createTempDir("", "nix-build-" + storePathToName(drvPath), false, false, 0700);
+
+    /* For convenience, set an environment pointing to the top build
+       directory. */
+    env["NIX_BUILD_TOP"] = tmpDir;
+
+    /* Also set TMPDIR and variants to point to this directory. */
+    env["TMPDIR"] = env["TEMPDIR"] = env["TMP"] = env["TEMP"] = tmpDir;
+
+    /* Explicitly set PWD to prevent problems with chroot builds.  In
+       particular, dietlibc cannot figure out the cwd because the
+       inode of the current directory doesn't appear in .. (because
+       getdents returns the inode of the mount point). */
+    env["PWD"] = tmpDir;
+
+    /* Compatibility hack with Nix <= 0.7: if this is a fixed-output
+       derivation, tell the builder, so that for instance `fetchurl'
+       can skip checking the output.  On older Nixes, this environment
+       variable won't be set, so `fetchurl' will do the check. */
+    if (fixedOutput) env["NIX_OUTPUT_CHECKED"] = "1";
+
+    /* *Only* if this is a fixed-output derivation, propagate the
+       values of the environment variables specified in the
+       `impureEnvVars' attribute to the builder.  This allows for
+       instance environment variables for proxy configuration such as
+       `http_proxy' to be easily passed to downloaders like
+       `fetchurl'.  Passing such environment variables from the caller
+       to the builder is generally impure, but the output of
+       fixed-output derivations is by definition pure (since we
+       already know the cryptographic hash of the output). */
+    if (fixedOutput) {
+        Strings varNames = tokenizeString<Strings>(get(drv.env, "impureEnvVars"));
+        foreach (Strings::iterator, i, varNames) env[*i] = getEnv(*i);
+    }
+
+    /* The `exportReferencesGraph' feature allows the references graph
+       to be passed to a builder.  This attribute should be a list of
+       pairs [name1 path1 name2 path2 ...].  The references graph of
+       each `pathN' will be stored in a text file `nameN' in the
+       temporary build directory.  The text files have the format used
+       by `nix-store --register-validity'.  However, the deriver
+       fields are left empty. */
+    string s = get(drv.env, "exportReferencesGraph");
+    Strings ss = tokenizeString<Strings>(s);
+    if (ss.size() % 2 != 0)
+        throw BuildError(format("odd number of tokens in `exportReferencesGraph': `%1%'") % s);
+    for (Strings::iterator i = ss.begin(); i != ss.end(); ) {
+        string fileName = *i++;
+        checkStoreName(fileName); /* !!! abuse of this function */
+
+        /* Check that the store path is valid. */
+        Path storePath = *i++;
+        if (!isInStore(storePath))
+            throw BuildError(format("`exportReferencesGraph' contains a non-store path `%1%'")
+                % storePath);
+        storePath = toStorePath(storePath);
+        if (!worker.store.isValidPath(storePath))
+            throw BuildError(format("`exportReferencesGraph' contains an invalid path `%1%'")
+                % storePath);
+
+        /* If there are derivations in the graph, then include their
+           outputs as well.  This is useful if you want to do things
+           like passing all build-time dependencies of some path to a
+           derivation that builds a NixOS DVD image. */
+        PathSet paths, paths2;
+        computeFSClosure(worker.store, storePath, paths);
+        paths2 = paths;
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, j, paths2) {
+            if (isDerivation(*j)) {
+                Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(worker.store, *j);
+                foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, k, drv.outputs)
+                    computeFSClosure(worker.store, k->second.path, paths);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Write closure info to `fileName'. */
+        writeFile(tmpDir + "/" + fileName,
+            worker.store.makeValidityRegistration(paths, false, false));
+    }
+
+
+    /* If `build-users-group' is not empty, then we have to build as
+       one of the members of that group. */
+    if (settings.buildUsersGroup != "") {
+        buildUser.acquire();
+        assert(buildUser.getUID() != 0);
+        assert(buildUser.getGID() != 0);
+
+        /* Make sure that no other processes are executing under this
+           uid. */
+        buildUser.kill();
+
+        /* Change ownership of the temporary build directory. */
+        if (chown(tmpDir.c_str(), buildUser.getUID(), buildUser.getGID()) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("cannot change ownership of `%1%'") % tmpDir);
+
+        /* Check that the Nix store has the appropriate permissions,
+           i.e., owned by root and mode 1775 (sticky bit on so that
+           the builder can create its output but not mess with the
+           outputs of other processes). */
+        struct stat st;
+        if (stat(settings.nixStore.c_str(), &st) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("cannot stat `%1%'") % settings.nixStore);
+        if (!(st.st_mode & S_ISVTX) ||
+            ((st.st_mode & S_IRWXG) != S_IRWXG) ||
+            (st.st_gid != buildUser.getGID()))
+            throw Error(format(
+                "builder does not have write permission to `%2%'; "
+                "try `chgrp %1% %2%; chmod 1775 %2%'")
+                % buildUser.getGID() % settings.nixStore);
+    }
+
+
+    /* Are we doing a chroot build?  Note that fixed-output
+       derivations are never done in a chroot, mainly so that
+       functions like fetchurl (which needs a proper /etc/resolv.conf)
+       work properly.  Purity checking for fixed-output derivations
+       is somewhat pointless anyway. */
+    useChroot = settings.useChroot;
+
+    if (fixedOutput) useChroot = false;
+
+    /* Hack to allow derivations to disable chroot builds. */
+    if (get(drv.env, "__noChroot") == "1") useChroot = false;
+
+    if (useChroot) {
+#if CHROOT_ENABLED
+        /* Create a temporary directory in which we set up the chroot
+           environment using bind-mounts.  We put it in the Nix store
+           to ensure that we can create hard-links to non-directory
+           inputs in the fake Nix store in the chroot (see below). */
+        chrootRootDir = drvPath + ".chroot";
+        if (pathExists(chrootRootDir)) deletePath(chrootRootDir);
+
+        /* Clean up the chroot directory automatically. */
+        autoDelChroot = std::shared_ptr<AutoDelete>(new AutoDelete(chrootRootDir));
+
+        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("setting up chroot environment in `%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+
+        /* Create a writable /tmp in the chroot.  Many builders need
+           this.  (Of course they should really respect $TMPDIR
+           instead.) */
+        Path chrootTmpDir = chrootRootDir + "/tmp";
+        createDirs(chrootTmpDir);
+        chmod_(chrootTmpDir, 01777);
+
+        /* Create a /etc/passwd with entries for the build user and the
+           nobody account.  The latter is kind of a hack to support
+           Samba-in-QEMU. */
+        createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/etc");
+
+        writeFile(chrootRootDir + "/etc/passwd",
+            (format(
+                "nixbld:x:%1%:%2%:Nix build user:/:/noshell\n"
+                "nobody:x:65534:65534:Nobody:/:/noshell\n")
+                % (buildUser.enabled() ? buildUser.getUID() : getuid())
+                % (buildUser.enabled() ? buildUser.getGID() : getgid())).str());
+
+        /* Declare the build user's group so that programs get a consistent
+           view of the system (e.g., "id -gn"). */
+        writeFile(chrootRootDir + "/etc/group",
+            (format("nixbld:!:%1%:\n")
+                % (buildUser.enabled() ? buildUser.getGID() : getgid())).str());
+
+        /* Create /etc/hosts with localhost entry. */
+        writeFile(chrootRootDir + "/etc/hosts", "127.0.0.1 localhost\n");
+
+        /* Bind-mount a user-configurable set of directories from the
+           host file system. */
+        foreach (StringSet::iterator, i, settings.dirsInChroot) {
+            size_t p = i->find('=');
+            if (p == string::npos)
+                dirsInChroot[*i] = *i;
+            else
+                dirsInChroot[string(*i, 0, p)] = string(*i, p + 1);
+        }
+        dirsInChroot[tmpDir] = tmpDir;
+
+        /* Make the closure of the inputs available in the chroot,
+           rather than the whole Nix store.  This prevents any access
+           to undeclared dependencies.  Directories are bind-mounted,
+           while other inputs are hard-linked (since only directories
+           can be bind-mounted).  !!! As an extra security
+           precaution, make the fake Nix store only writable by the
+           build user. */
+        createDirs(chrootRootDir + settings.nixStore);
+        chmod_(chrootRootDir + settings.nixStore, 01777);
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, inputPaths) {
+            struct stat st;
+            if (lstat(i->c_str(), &st))
+                throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % *i);
+            if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+                dirsInChroot[*i] = *i;
+            else {
+                Path p = chrootRootDir + *i;
+                if (link(i->c_str(), p.c_str()) == -1) {
+                    /* Hard-linking fails if we exceed the maximum
+                       link count on a file (e.g. 32000 of ext3),
+                       which is quite possible after a `nix-store
+                       --optimise'. */
+                    if (errno != EMLINK)
+                        throw SysError(format("linking `%1%' to `%2%'") % p % *i);
+                    StringSink sink;
+                    dumpPath(*i, sink);
+                    StringSource source(sink.s);
+                    restorePath(p, source);
+                }
+
+                regularInputPaths.insert(*i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* If we're repairing or checking, it's possible that we're
+           rebuilding a path that is in settings.dirsInChroot
+           (typically the dependencies of /bin/sh).  Throw them
+           out. */
+        if (buildMode != bmNormal)
+            foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+                dirsInChroot.erase(i->second.path);
+
+#else
+        throw Error("chroot builds are not supported on this platform");
+#endif
+    }
+
+    else {
+
+        if (pathExists(homeDir))
+            throw Error(format("directory `%1%' exists; please remove it") % homeDir);
+
+        /* We're not doing a chroot build, but we have some valid
+           output paths.  Since we can't just overwrite or delete
+           them, we have to do hash rewriting: i.e. in the
+           environment/arguments passed to the build, we replace the
+           hashes of the valid outputs with unique dummy strings;
+           after the build, we discard the redirected outputs
+           corresponding to the valid outputs, and rewrite the
+           contents of the new outputs to replace the dummy strings
+           with the actual hashes. */
+        if (validPaths.size() > 0)
+            foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, validPaths)
+                addHashRewrite(*i);
+
+        /* If we're repairing, then we don't want to delete the
+           corrupt outputs in advance.  So rewrite them as well. */
+        if (buildMode == bmRepair)
+            foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, missingPaths)
+                if (worker.store.isValidPath(*i) && pathExists(*i)) {
+                    addHashRewrite(*i);
+                    redirectedBadOutputs.insert(*i);
+                }
+    }
+
+
+    /* Run the builder. */
+    printMsg(lvlChatty, format("executing builder `%1%'") % drv.builder);
+
+    /* Create the log file. */
+    Path logFile = openLogFile();
+
+    /* Create a pipe to get the output of the builder. */
+    builderOut.create();
+
+    /* Fork a child to build the package.  Note that while we
+       currently use forks to run and wait for the children, it
+       shouldn't be hard to use threads for this on systems where
+       fork() is unavailable or inefficient.
+
+       If we're building in a chroot, then also set up private
+       namespaces for the build:
+
+       - The PID namespace causes the build to start as PID 1.
+         Processes outside of the chroot are not visible to those on
+         the inside, but processes inside the chroot are visible from
+         the outside (though with different PIDs).
+
+       - The private mount namespace ensures that all the bind mounts
+         we do will only show up in this process and its children, and
+         will disappear automatically when we're done.
+
+       - The private network namespace ensures that the builder cannot
+         talk to the outside world (or vice versa).  It only has a
+         private loopback interface.
+
+       - The IPC namespace prevents the builder from communicating
+         with outside processes using SysV IPC mechanisms (shared
+         memory, message queues, semaphores).  It also ensures that
+         all IPC objects are destroyed when the builder exits.
+
+       - The UTS namespace ensures that builders see a hostname of
+         localhost rather than the actual hostname.
+    */
+#if CHROOT_ENABLED
+    if (useChroot) {
+        char stack[32 * 1024];
+        pid = clone(childEntry, stack + sizeof(stack) - 8,
+            CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWNET | CLONE_NEWIPC | CLONE_NEWUTS | SIGCHLD, this);
+    } else
+#endif
+    {
+        pid = fork();
+        if (pid == 0) initChild();
+    }
+
+    if (pid == -1) throw SysError("unable to fork");
+
+    /* parent */
+    pid.setSeparatePG(true);
+    builderOut.writeSide.close();
+    worker.childStarted(shared_from_this(), pid,
+        singleton<set<int> >(builderOut.readSide), true, true);
+
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ build-started %1% - %2% %3%")
+            % drvPath % drv.platform % logFile);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::initChild()
+{
+    /* Warning: in the child we should absolutely not make any SQLite
+       calls! */
+
+    bool inSetup = true;
+
+    try { /* child */
+
+#if CHROOT_ENABLED
+        if (useChroot) {
+            /* Initialise the loopback interface. */
+            AutoCloseFD fd(socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP));
+            if (fd == -1) throw SysError("cannot open IP socket");
+
+            struct ifreq ifr;
+            strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "lo");
+            ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_UP | IFF_LOOPBACK | IFF_RUNNING;
+            if (ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot set loopback interface flags");
+
+            fd.close();
+
+            /* Set the hostname etc. to fixed values. */
+            char hostname[] = "localhost";
+            sethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
+            char domainname[] = "(none)"; // kernel default
+            setdomainname(domainname, sizeof(domainname));
+
+            /* Make all filesystems private.  This is necessary
+               because subtrees may have been mounted as "shared"
+               (MS_SHARED).  (Systemd does this, for instance.)  Even
+               though we have a private mount namespace, mounting
+               filesystems on top of a shared subtree still propagates
+               outside of the namespace.  Making a subtree private is
+               local to the namespace, though, so setting MS_PRIVATE
+               does not affect the outside world. */
+            Strings mounts = tokenizeString<Strings>(readFile("/proc/self/mountinfo", true), "\n");
+            foreach (Strings::iterator, i, mounts) {
+                vector<string> fields = tokenizeString<vector<string> >(*i, " ");
+                string fs = decodeOctalEscaped(fields.at(4));
+                if (mount(0, fs.c_str(), 0, MS_PRIVATE, 0) == -1)
+                    throw SysError(format("unable to make filesystem `%1%' private") % fs);
+            }
+
+            /* Set up a nearly empty /dev, unless the user asked to
+               bind-mount the host /dev. */
+            if (dirsInChroot.find("/dev") == dirsInChroot.end()) {
+                createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/dev/shm");
+                createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts");
+                Strings ss;
+                ss.push_back("/dev/full");
+#ifdef __linux__
+                if (pathExists("/dev/kvm"))
+                    ss.push_back("/dev/kvm");
+#endif
+                ss.push_back("/dev/null");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/random");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/tty");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/urandom");
+                ss.push_back("/dev/zero");
+                foreach (Strings::iterator, i, ss) dirsInChroot[*i] = *i;
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd", chrootRootDir + "/dev/fd");
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd/0", chrootRootDir + "/dev/stdin");
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd/1", chrootRootDir + "/dev/stdout");
+                createSymlink("/proc/self/fd/2", chrootRootDir + "/dev/stderr");
+            }
+
+            /* Bind-mount all the directories from the "host"
+               filesystem that we want in the chroot
+               environment. */
+            foreach (DirsInChroot::iterator, i, dirsInChroot) {
+                struct stat st;
+                Path source = i->second;
+                Path target = chrootRootDir + i->first;
+                if (source == "/proc") continue; // backwards compatibility
+                debug(format("bind mounting `%1%' to `%2%'") % source % target);
+                if (stat(source.c_str(), &st) == -1)
+                    throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % source);
+                if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+                    createDirs(target);
+                else {
+                    createDirs(dirOf(target));
+                    writeFile(target, "");
+                }
+                if (mount(source.c_str(), target.c_str(), "", MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
+                    throw SysError(format("bind mount from `%1%' to `%2%' failed") % source % target);
+            }
+
+            /* Bind a new instance of procfs on /proc to reflect our
+               private PID namespace. */
+            createDirs(chrootRootDir + "/proc");
+            if (mount("none", (chrootRootDir + "/proc").c_str(), "proc", 0, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("mounting /proc");
+
+            /* Mount a new tmpfs on /dev/shm to ensure that whatever
+               the builder puts in /dev/shm is cleaned up automatically. */
+            if (pathExists("/dev/shm") && mount("none", (chrootRootDir + "/dev/shm").c_str(), "tmpfs", 0, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("mounting /dev/shm");
+
+            /* Mount a new devpts on /dev/pts.  Note that this
+               requires the kernel to be compiled with
+               CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES=y (which is the case
+               if /dev/ptx/ptmx exists). */
+            if (pathExists("/dev/pts/ptmx") &&
+                !pathExists(chrootRootDir + "/dev/ptmx")
+                && dirsInChroot.find("/dev/pts") == dirsInChroot.end())
+            {
+                if (mount("none", (chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts").c_str(), "devpts", 0, "newinstance,mode=0620") == -1)
+                    throw SysError("mounting /dev/pts");
+                createSymlink("/dev/pts/ptmx", chrootRootDir + "/dev/ptmx");
+
+		/* Make sure /dev/pts/ptmx is world-writable.  With some
+		   Linux versions, it is created with permissions 0.  */
+		chmod_(chrootRootDir + "/dev/pts/ptmx", 0666);
+            }
+
+            /* Do the chroot().  Below we do a chdir() to the
+               temporary build directory to make sure the current
+               directory is in the chroot.  (Actually the order
+               doesn't matter, since due to the bind mount tmpDir and
+               tmpRootDit/tmpDir are the same directories.) */
+            if (chroot(chrootRootDir.c_str()) == -1)
+                throw SysError(format("cannot change root directory to `%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        commonChildInit(builderOut);
+
+        if (chdir(tmpDir.c_str()) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("changing into `%1%'") % tmpDir);
+
+        /* Close all other file descriptors. */
+        closeMostFDs(set<int>());
+
+#ifdef CAN_DO_LINUX32_BUILDS
+        /* Change the personality to 32-bit if we're doing an
+           i686-linux build on an x86_64-linux machine. */
+        struct utsname utsbuf;
+        uname(&utsbuf);
+        if (drv.platform == "i686-linux" &&
+            (settings.thisSystem == "x86_64-linux" ||
+             (!strcmp(utsbuf.sysname, "Linux") && !strcmp(utsbuf.machine, "x86_64")))) {
+            if (personality(0x0008 | 0x8000000 /* == PER_LINUX32_3GB */) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot set i686-linux personality");
+        }
+
+        /* Impersonate a Linux 2.6 machine to get some determinism in
+           builds that depend on the kernel version. */
+        if ((drv.platform == "i686-linux" || drv.platform == "x86_64-linux") && settings.impersonateLinux26) {
+            int cur = personality(0xffffffff);
+            if (cur != -1) personality(cur | 0x0020000 /* == UNAME26 */);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /* Fill in the environment. */
+        Strings envStrs;
+        foreach (Environment::const_iterator, i, env)
+            envStrs.push_back(rewriteHashes(i->first + "=" + i->second, rewritesToTmp));
+        const char * * envArr = strings2CharPtrs(envStrs);
+
+        Path program = drv.builder.c_str();
+        std::vector<const char *> args; /* careful with c_str()! */
+        string user; /* must be here for its c_str()! */
+
+        /* If we are running in `build-users' mode, then switch to the
+           user we allocated above.  Make sure that we drop all root
+           privileges.  Note that above we have closed all file
+           descriptors except std*, so that's safe.  Also note that
+           setuid() when run as root sets the real, effective and
+           saved UIDs. */
+        if (buildUser.enabled()) {
+            printMsg(lvlChatty, format("switching to user `%1%'") % buildUser.getUser());
+
+            if (setgroups(0, 0) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot clear the set of supplementary groups");
+
+            if (setgid(buildUser.getGID()) == -1 ||
+                getgid() != buildUser.getGID() ||
+                getegid() != buildUser.getGID())
+                throw SysError("setgid failed");
+
+            if (setuid(buildUser.getUID()) == -1 ||
+                getuid() != buildUser.getUID() ||
+                geteuid() != buildUser.getUID())
+                throw SysError("setuid failed");
+        }
+
+        /* Fill in the arguments. */
+        string builderBasename = baseNameOf(drv.builder);
+        args.push_back(builderBasename.c_str());
+        foreach (Strings::iterator, i, drv.args)
+            args.push_back(rewriteHashes(*i, rewritesToTmp).c_str());
+        args.push_back(0);
+
+        restoreSIGPIPE();
+
+        /* Execute the program.  This should not return. */
+        inSetup = false;
+        execve(program.c_str(), (char * *) &args[0], (char * *) envArr);
+
+        throw SysError(format("executing `%1%'") % drv.builder);
+
+    } catch (std::exception & e) {
+        writeToStderr("build error: " + string(e.what()) + "\n");
+        _exit(inSetup ? childSetupFailed : 1);
+    }
+
+    abort(); /* never reached */
+}
+
+
+/* Parse a list of reference specifiers.  Each element must either be
+   a store path, or the symbolic name of the output of the derivation
+   (such as `out'). */
+PathSet parseReferenceSpecifiers(const Derivation & drv, string attr)
+{
+    PathSet result;
+    Paths paths = tokenizeString<Paths>(attr);
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, paths) {
+        if (isStorePath(*i))
+            result.insert(*i);
+        else if (drv.outputs.find(*i) != drv.outputs.end())
+            result.insert(drv.outputs.find(*i)->second.path);
+        else throw BuildError(
+            format("derivation contains an illegal reference specifier `%1%'")
+            % *i);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
+{
+    /* When using a build hook, the build hook can register the output
+       as valid (by doing `nix-store --import').  If so we don't have
+       to do anything here. */
+    if (hook) {
+        bool allValid = true;
+        foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+            if (!worker.store.isValidPath(i->second.path)) allValid = false;
+        if (allValid) return;
+    }
+
+    ValidPathInfos infos;
+
+    /* Check whether the output paths were created, and grep each
+       output path to determine what other paths it references.  Also make all
+       output paths read-only. */
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs) {
+        Path path = i->second.path;
+        if (missingPaths.find(path) == missingPaths.end()) continue;
+
+        Path actualPath = path;
+        if (useChroot) {
+            actualPath = chrootRootDir + path;
+            if (pathExists(actualPath)) {
+                /* Move output paths from the chroot to the Nix store. */
+                if (buildMode == bmRepair)
+                    replaceValidPath(path, actualPath);
+                else
+                    if (buildMode != bmCheck && rename(actualPath.c_str(), path.c_str()) == -1)
+                        throw SysError(format("moving build output `%1%' from the chroot to the Nix store") % path);
+            }
+            if (buildMode != bmCheck) actualPath = path;
+        } else {
+            Path redirected = redirectedOutputs[path];
+            if (buildMode == bmRepair
+                && redirectedBadOutputs.find(path) != redirectedBadOutputs.end()
+                && pathExists(redirected))
+                replaceValidPath(path, redirected);
+            if (buildMode == bmCheck)
+                actualPath = redirected;
+        }
+
+        struct stat st;
+        if (lstat(actualPath.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
+            if (errno == ENOENT)
+                throw BuildError(
+                    format("builder for `%1%' failed to produce output path `%2%'")
+                    % drvPath % path);
+            throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % actualPath);
+        }
+
+#ifndef __CYGWIN__
+        /* Check that the output is not group or world writable, as
+           that means that someone else can have interfered with the
+           build.  Also, the output should be owned by the build
+           user. */
+        if ((!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH))) ||
+            (buildUser.enabled() && st.st_uid != buildUser.getUID()))
+            throw BuildError(format("suspicious ownership or permission on `%1%'; rejecting this build output") % path);
+#endif
+
+        /* Apply hash rewriting if necessary. */
+        bool rewritten = false;
+        if (!rewritesFromTmp.empty()) {
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("warning: rewriting hashes in `%1%'; cross fingers") % path);
+
+            /* Canonicalise first.  This ensures that the path we're
+               rewriting doesn't contain a hard link to /etc/shadow or
+               something like that. */
+            canonicalisePathMetaData(actualPath, buildUser.enabled() ? buildUser.getUID() : -1, inodesSeen);
+
+            /* FIXME: this is in-memory. */
+            StringSink sink;
+            dumpPath(actualPath, sink);
+            deletePath(actualPath);
+            sink.s = rewriteHashes(sink.s, rewritesFromTmp);
+            StringSource source(sink.s);
+            restorePath(actualPath, source);
+
+            rewritten = true;
+        }
+
+        startNest(nest, lvlTalkative,
+            format("scanning for references inside `%1%'") % path);
+
+        /* Check that fixed-output derivations produced the right
+           outputs (i.e., the content hash should match the specified
+           hash). */
+        if (i->second.hash != "") {
+
+            bool recursive; HashType ht; Hash h;
+            i->second.parseHashInfo(recursive, ht, h);
+
+            if (!recursive) {
+                /* The output path should be a regular file without
+                   execute permission. */
+                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || (st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) != 0)
+                    throw BuildError(
+                        format("output path `%1% should be a non-executable regular file") % path);
+            }
+
+            /* Check the hash. */
+            Hash h2 = recursive ? hashPath(ht, actualPath).first : hashFile(ht, actualPath);
+            if (h != h2)
+                throw BuildError(
+                    format("output path `%1%' should have %2% hash `%3%', instead has `%4%'")
+                    % path % i->second.hashAlgo % printHash16or32(h) % printHash16or32(h2));
+        }
+
+        /* Get rid of all weird permissions.  This also checks that
+           all files are owned by the build user, if applicable. */
+        canonicalisePathMetaData(actualPath,
+            buildUser.enabled() && !rewritten ? buildUser.getUID() : -1, inodesSeen);
+
+        /* For this output path, find the references to other paths
+           contained in it.  Compute the SHA-256 NAR hash at the same
+           time.  The hash is stored in the database so that we can
+           verify later on whether nobody has messed with the store. */
+        HashResult hash;
+        PathSet references = scanForReferences(actualPath, allPaths, hash);
+
+        if (buildMode == bmCheck) {
+            ValidPathInfo info = worker.store.queryPathInfo(path);
+            if (hash.first != info.hash)
+                throw Error(format("derivation `%2%' may not be deterministic: hash mismatch in output `%1%'") % drvPath % path);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* For debugging, print out the referenced and unreferenced
+           paths. */
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, inputPaths) {
+            PathSet::iterator j = references.find(*i);
+            if (j == references.end())
+                debug(format("unreferenced input: `%1%'") % *i);
+            else
+                debug(format("referenced input: `%1%'") % *i);
+        }
+
+        /* If the derivation specifies an `allowedReferences'
+           attribute (containing a list of paths that the output may
+           refer to), check that all references are in that list.  !!!
+           allowedReferences should really be per-output. */
+        if (drv.env.find("allowedReferences") != drv.env.end()) {
+            PathSet allowed = parseReferenceSpecifiers(drv, get(drv.env, "allowedReferences"));
+            foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, references)
+                if (allowed.find(*i) == allowed.end())
+                    throw BuildError(format("output is not allowed to refer to path `%1%'") % *i);
+        }
+
+        worker.store.optimisePath(path); // FIXME: combine with scanForReferences()
+
+        worker.store.markContentsGood(path);
+
+        ValidPathInfo info;
+        info.path = path;
+        info.hash = hash.first;
+        info.narSize = hash.second;
+        info.references = references;
+        info.deriver = drvPath;
+        infos.push_back(info);
+    }
+
+    if (buildMode == bmCheck) return;
+
+    /* Register each output path as valid, and register the sets of
+       paths referenced by each of them.  If there are cycles in the
+       outputs, this will fail. */
+    worker.store.registerValidPaths(infos);
+}
+
+
+string drvsLogDir = "drvs";
+
+
+Path DerivationGoal::openLogFile()
+{
+    logSize = 0;
+
+    if (!settings.keepLog) return "";
+
+    string baseName = baseNameOf(drvPath);
+
+    /* Create a log file. */
+    Path dir = (format("%1%/%2%/%3%/") % settings.nixLogDir % drvsLogDir % string(baseName, 0, 2)).str();
+    createDirs(dir);
+
+    if (settings.compressLog) {
+
+        Path logFileName = (format("%1%/%2%.bz2") % dir % string(baseName, 2)).str();
+        AutoCloseFD fd = open(logFileName.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0666);
+        if (fd == -1) throw SysError(format("creating log file `%1%'") % logFileName);
+        closeOnExec(fd);
+
+        if (!(fLogFile = fdopen(fd.borrow(), "w")))
+            throw SysError(format("opening file `%1%'") % logFileName);
+
+        int err;
+        if (!(bzLogFile = BZ2_bzWriteOpen(&err, fLogFile, 9, 0, 0)))
+            throw Error(format("cannot open compressed log file `%1%'") % logFileName);
+
+        return logFileName;
+
+    } else {
+        Path logFileName = (format("%1%/%2%") % dir % string(baseName, 2)).str();
+        fdLogFile = open(logFileName.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0666);
+        if (fdLogFile == -1) throw SysError(format("creating log file `%1%'") % logFileName);
+        closeOnExec(fdLogFile);
+        return logFileName;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::closeLogFile()
+{
+    if (bzLogFile) {
+        int err;
+        BZ2_bzWriteClose(&err, bzLogFile, 0, 0, 0);
+        bzLogFile = 0;
+        if (err != BZ_OK) throw Error(format("cannot close compressed log file (BZip2 error = %1%)") % err);
+    }
+
+    if (fLogFile) {
+        fclose(fLogFile);
+        fLogFile = 0;
+    }
+
+    fdLogFile.close();
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::deleteTmpDir(bool force)
+{
+    if (tmpDir != "") {
+        if (settings.keepFailed && !force) {
+            printMsg(lvlError,
+                format("note: keeping build directory `%2%'")
+                % drvPath % tmpDir);
+            chmod(tmpDir.c_str(), 0755);
+        }
+        else
+            deletePath(tmpDir);
+        tmpDir = "";
+    }
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::handleChildOutput(int fd, const string & data)
+{
+    if ((hook && fd == hook->builderOut.readSide) ||
+        (!hook && fd == builderOut.readSide))
+    {
+        logSize += data.size();
+        if (settings.maxLogSize && logSize > settings.maxLogSize) {
+            printMsg(lvlError,
+                format("%1% killed after writing more than %2% bytes of log output")
+                % getName() % settings.maxLogSize);
+            cancel(true); // not really a timeout, but close enough
+            return;
+        }
+        if (verbosity >= settings.buildVerbosity)
+            writeToStderr(data);
+        if (bzLogFile) {
+            int err;
+            BZ2_bzWrite(&err, bzLogFile, (unsigned char *) data.data(), data.size());
+            if (err != BZ_OK) throw Error(format("cannot write to compressed log file (BZip2 error = %1%)") % err);
+        } else if (fdLogFile != -1)
+            writeFull(fdLogFile, (unsigned char *) data.data(), data.size());
+    }
+
+    if (hook && fd == hook->fromHook.readSide)
+        writeToStderr(data);
+}
+
+
+void DerivationGoal::handleEOF(int fd)
+{
+    worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+
+PathSet DerivationGoal::checkPathValidity(bool returnValid, bool checkHash)
+{
+    PathSet result;
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs) {
+        if (!wantOutput(i->first, wantedOutputs)) continue;
+        bool good =
+            worker.store.isValidPath(i->second.path) &&
+            (!checkHash || worker.store.pathContentsGood(i->second.path));
+        if (good == returnValid) result.insert(i->second.path);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+bool DerivationGoal::pathFailed(const Path & path)
+{
+    if (!settings.cacheFailure) return false;
+
+    if (!worker.store.hasPathFailed(path)) return false;
+
+    printMsg(lvlError, format("builder for `%1%' failed previously (cached)") % path);
+
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ build-failed %1% - cached") % drvPath);
+
+    worker.permanentFailure = true;
+    amDone(ecFailed);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+Path DerivationGoal::addHashRewrite(const Path & path)
+{
+    string h1 = string(path, settings.nixStore.size() + 1, 32);
+    string h2 = string(printHash32(hashString(htSHA256, "rewrite:" + drvPath + ":" + path)), 0, 32);
+    Path p = settings.nixStore + "/" + h2 + string(path, settings.nixStore.size() + 33);
+    if (pathExists(p)) deletePath(p);
+    assert(path.size() == p.size());
+    rewritesToTmp[h1] = h2;
+    rewritesFromTmp[h2] = h1;
+    redirectedOutputs[path] = p;
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+class SubstitutionGoal : public Goal
+{
+    friend class Worker;
+
+private:
+    /* The store path that should be realised through a substitute. */
+    Path storePath;
+
+    /* The remaining substituters. */
+    Paths subs;
+
+    /* The current substituter. */
+    Path sub;
+
+    /* Whether any substituter can realise this path */
+    bool hasSubstitute;
+
+    /* Path info returned by the substituter's query info operation. */
+    SubstitutablePathInfo info;
+
+    /* Pipe for the substituter's standard output. */
+    Pipe outPipe;
+
+    /* Pipe for the substituter's standard error. */
+    Pipe logPipe;
+
+    /* The process ID of the builder. */
+    Pid pid;
+
+    /* Lock on the store path. */
+    std::shared_ptr<PathLocks> outputLock;
+
+    /* Whether to try to repair a valid path. */
+    bool repair;
+
+    /* Location where we're downloading the substitute.  Differs from
+       storePath when doing a repair. */
+    Path destPath;
+
+    typedef void (SubstitutionGoal::*GoalState)();
+    GoalState state;
+
+public:
+    SubstitutionGoal(const Path & storePath, Worker & worker, bool repair = false);
+    ~SubstitutionGoal();
+
+    void cancel(bool timeout);
+
+    void work();
+
+    /* The states. */
+    void init();
+    void tryNext();
+    void gotInfo();
+    void referencesValid();
+    void tryToRun();
+    void finished();
+
+    /* Callback used by the worker to write to the log. */
+    void handleChildOutput(int fd, const string & data);
+    void handleEOF(int fd);
+
+    Path getStorePath() { return storePath; }
+};
+
+
+SubstitutionGoal::SubstitutionGoal(const Path & storePath, Worker & worker, bool repair)
+    : Goal(worker)
+    , hasSubstitute(false)
+    , repair(repair)
+{
+    this->storePath = storePath;
+    state = &SubstitutionGoal::init;
+    name = (format("substitution of `%1%'") % storePath).str();
+    trace("created");
+}
+
+
+SubstitutionGoal::~SubstitutionGoal()
+{
+    if (pid != -1) worker.childTerminated(pid);
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::cancel(bool timeout)
+{
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace && timeout)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ substituter-failed %1% timeout") % storePath);
+    if (pid != -1) {
+        pid_t savedPid = pid;
+        pid.kill();
+        worker.childTerminated(savedPid);
+    }
+    amDone(ecFailed);
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::work()
+{
+    (this->*state)();
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::init()
+{
+    trace("init");
+
+    worker.store.addTempRoot(storePath);
+
+    /* If the path already exists we're done. */
+    if (!repair && worker.store.isValidPath(storePath)) {
+        amDone(ecSuccess);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (settings.readOnlyMode)
+        throw Error(format("cannot substitute path `%1%' - no write access to the Nix store") % storePath);
+
+    subs = settings.substituters;
+
+    tryNext();
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::tryNext()
+{
+    trace("trying next substituter");
+
+    if (subs.size() == 0) {
+        /* None left.  Terminate this goal and let someone else deal
+           with it. */
+        debug(format("path `%1%' is required, but there is no substituter that can build it") % storePath);
+        /* Hack: don't indicate failure if there were no substituters.
+           In that case the calling derivation should just do a
+           build. */
+        amDone(hasSubstitute ? ecFailed : ecNoSubstituters);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    sub = subs.front();
+    subs.pop_front();
+
+    SubstitutablePathInfos infos;
+    PathSet dummy(singleton<PathSet>(storePath));
+    worker.store.querySubstitutablePathInfos(sub, dummy, infos);
+    SubstitutablePathInfos::iterator k = infos.find(storePath);
+    if (k == infos.end()) { tryNext(); return; }
+    info = k->second;
+    hasSubstitute = true;
+
+    /* To maintain the closure invariant, we first have to realise the
+       paths referenced by this one. */
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, info.references)
+        if (*i != storePath) /* ignore self-references */
+            addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(*i));
+
+    if (waitees.empty()) /* to prevent hang (no wake-up event) */
+        referencesValid();
+    else
+        state = &SubstitutionGoal::referencesValid;
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::referencesValid()
+{
+    trace("all references realised");
+
+    if (nrFailed > 0) {
+        debug(format("some references of path `%1%' could not be realised") % storePath);
+        amDone(nrNoSubstituters > 0 || nrIncompleteClosure > 0 ? ecIncompleteClosure : ecFailed);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, info.references)
+        if (*i != storePath) /* ignore self-references */
+            assert(worker.store.isValidPath(*i));
+
+    state = &SubstitutionGoal::tryToRun;
+    worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::tryToRun()
+{
+    trace("trying to run");
+
+    /* Make sure that we are allowed to start a build.  Note that even
+       is maxBuildJobs == 0 (no local builds allowed), we still allow
+       a substituter to run.  This is because substitutions cannot be
+       distributed to another machine via the build hook. */
+    if (worker.getNrLocalBuilds() >= (settings.maxBuildJobs == 0 ? 1 : settings.maxBuildJobs)) {
+        worker.waitForBuildSlot(shared_from_this());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Maybe a derivation goal has already locked this path
+       (exceedingly unlikely, since it should have used a substitute
+       first, but let's be defensive). */
+    outputLock.reset(); // make sure this goal's lock is gone
+    if (pathIsLockedByMe(storePath)) {
+        debug(format("restarting substitution of `%1%' because it's locked by another goal")
+            % storePath);
+        worker.waitForAnyGoal(shared_from_this());
+        return; /* restart in the tryToRun() state when another goal finishes */
+    }
+
+    /* Acquire a lock on the output path. */
+    outputLock = std::shared_ptr<PathLocks>(new PathLocks);
+    if (!outputLock->lockPaths(singleton<PathSet>(storePath), "", false)) {
+        worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Check again whether the path is invalid. */
+    if (!repair && worker.store.isValidPath(storePath)) {
+        debug(format("store path `%1%' has become valid") % storePath);
+        outputLock->setDeletion(true);
+        amDone(ecSuccess);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    printMsg(lvlInfo, format("fetching path `%1%'...") % storePath);
+
+    outPipe.create();
+    logPipe.create();
+
+    destPath = repair ? storePath + ".tmp" : storePath;
+
+    /* Remove the (stale) output path if it exists. */
+    if (pathExists(destPath))
+        deletePath(destPath);
+
+    worker.store.setSubstituterEnv();
+
+    /* Fill in the arguments. */
+    Strings args;
+    args.push_back(baseNameOf(sub));
+    args.push_back("--substitute");
+    args.push_back(storePath);
+    args.push_back(destPath);
+    const char * * argArr = strings2CharPtrs(args);
+
+    /* Fork the substitute program. */
+    pid = maybeVfork();
+
+    switch (pid) {
+
+    case -1:
+        throw SysError("unable to fork");
+
+    case 0:
+        try { /* child */
+
+            commonChildInit(logPipe);
+
+            if (dup2(outPipe.writeSide, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
+                throw SysError("cannot dup output pipe into stdout");
+
+            execv(sub.c_str(), (char * *) argArr);
+
+            throw SysError(format("executing `%1%'") % sub);
+
+        } catch (std::exception & e) {
+            writeToStderr("substitute error: " + string(e.what()) + "\n");
+        }
+        _exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* parent */
+    pid.setSeparatePG(true);
+    pid.setKillSignal(SIGTERM);
+    outPipe.writeSide.close();
+    logPipe.writeSide.close();
+    worker.childStarted(shared_from_this(),
+        pid, singleton<set<int> >(logPipe.readSide), true, true);
+
+    state = &SubstitutionGoal::finished;
+
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ substituter-started %1% %2%") % storePath % sub);
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::finished()
+{
+    trace("substitute finished");
+
+    /* Since we got an EOF on the logger pipe, the substitute is
+       presumed to have terminated.  */
+    pid_t savedPid = pid;
+    int status = pid.wait(true);
+
+    /* So the child is gone now. */
+    worker.childTerminated(savedPid);
+
+    /* Close the read side of the logger pipe. */
+    logPipe.readSide.close();
+
+    /* Get the hash info from stdout. */
+    string dummy = readLine(outPipe.readSide);
+    string expectedHashStr = statusOk(status) ? readLine(outPipe.readSide) : "";
+    outPipe.readSide.close();
+
+    /* Check the exit status and the build result. */
+    HashResult hash;
+    try {
+
+        if (!statusOk(status))
+            throw SubstError(format("fetching path `%1%' %2%")
+                % storePath % statusToString(status));
+
+        if (!pathExists(destPath))
+            throw SubstError(format("substitute did not produce path `%1%'") % destPath);
+
+        hash = hashPath(htSHA256, destPath);
+
+        /* Verify the expected hash we got from the substituer. */
+        if (expectedHashStr != "") {
+            size_t n = expectedHashStr.find(':');
+            if (n == string::npos)
+                throw Error(format("bad hash from substituter: %1%") % expectedHashStr);
+            HashType hashType = parseHashType(string(expectedHashStr, 0, n));
+            if (hashType == htUnknown)
+                throw Error(format("unknown hash algorithm in `%1%'") % expectedHashStr);
+            Hash expectedHash = parseHash16or32(hashType, string(expectedHashStr, n + 1));
+            Hash actualHash = hashType == htSHA256 ? hash.first : hashPath(hashType, destPath).first;
+            if (expectedHash != actualHash)
+                throw SubstError(format("hash mismatch in downloaded path `%1%': expected %2%, got %3%")
+                    % storePath % printHash(expectedHash) % printHash(actualHash));
+        }
+
+    } catch (SubstError & e) {
+
+        printMsg(lvlInfo, e.msg());
+
+        if (settings.printBuildTrace) {
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("@ substituter-failed %1% %2% %3%")
+                % storePath % status % e.msg());
+        }
+
+        /* Try the next substitute. */
+        state = &SubstitutionGoal::tryNext;
+        worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (repair) replaceValidPath(storePath, destPath);
+
+    canonicalisePathMetaData(storePath, -1);
+
+    worker.store.optimisePath(storePath); // FIXME: combine with hashPath()
+
+    ValidPathInfo info2;
+    info2.path = storePath;
+    info2.hash = hash.first;
+    info2.narSize = hash.second;
+    info2.references = info.references;
+    info2.deriver = info.deriver;
+    worker.store.registerValidPath(info2);
+
+    outputLock->setDeletion(true);
+    outputLock.reset();
+
+    worker.store.markContentsGood(storePath);
+
+    printMsg(lvlChatty,
+        format("substitution of path `%1%' succeeded") % storePath);
+
+    if (settings.printBuildTrace)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("@ substituter-succeeded %1%") % storePath);
+
+    amDone(ecSuccess);
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::handleChildOutput(int fd, const string & data)
+{
+    assert(fd == logPipe.readSide);
+    if (verbosity >= settings.buildVerbosity) writeToStderr(data);
+    /* Don't write substitution output to a log file for now.  We
+       probably should, though. */
+}
+
+
+void SubstitutionGoal::handleEOF(int fd)
+{
+    if (fd == logPipe.readSide) worker.wakeUp(shared_from_this());
+}
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+static bool working = false;
+
+
+Worker::Worker(LocalStore & store)
+    : store(store)
+{
+    /* Debugging: prevent recursive workers. */
+    if (working) abort();
+    working = true;
+    nrLocalBuilds = 0;
+    lastWokenUp = 0;
+    permanentFailure = false;
+}
+
+
+Worker::~Worker()
+{
+    working = false;
+
+    /* Explicitly get rid of all strong pointers now.  After this all
+       goals that refer to this worker should be gone.  (Otherwise we
+       are in trouble, since goals may call childTerminated() etc. in
+       their destructors). */
+    topGoals.clear();
+}
+
+
+GoalPtr Worker::makeDerivationGoal(const Path & path, const StringSet & wantedOutputs, BuildMode buildMode)
+{
+    GoalPtr goal = derivationGoals[path].lock();
+    if (!goal) {
+        goal = GoalPtr(new DerivationGoal(path, wantedOutputs, *this, buildMode));
+        derivationGoals[path] = goal;
+        wakeUp(goal);
+    } else
+        (dynamic_cast<DerivationGoal *>(goal.get()))->addWantedOutputs(wantedOutputs);
+    return goal;
+}
+
+
+GoalPtr Worker::makeSubstitutionGoal(const Path & path, bool repair)
+{
+    GoalPtr goal = substitutionGoals[path].lock();
+    if (!goal) {
+        goal = GoalPtr(new SubstitutionGoal(path, *this, repair));
+        substitutionGoals[path] = goal;
+        wakeUp(goal);
+    }
+    return goal;
+}
+
+
+static void removeGoal(GoalPtr goal, WeakGoalMap & goalMap)
+{
+    /* !!! inefficient */
+    for (WeakGoalMap::iterator i = goalMap.begin();
+         i != goalMap.end(); )
+        if (i->second.lock() == goal) {
+            WeakGoalMap::iterator j = i; ++j;
+            goalMap.erase(i);
+            i = j;
+        }
+        else ++i;
+}
+
+
+void Worker::removeGoal(GoalPtr goal)
+{
+    nix::removeGoal(goal, derivationGoals);
+    nix::removeGoal(goal, substitutionGoals);
+    if (topGoals.find(goal) != topGoals.end()) {
+        topGoals.erase(goal);
+        /* If a top-level goal failed, then kill all other goals
+           (unless keepGoing was set). */
+        if (goal->getExitCode() == Goal::ecFailed && !settings.keepGoing)
+            topGoals.clear();
+    }
+
+    /* Wake up goals waiting for any goal to finish. */
+    foreach (WeakGoals::iterator, i, waitingForAnyGoal) {
+        GoalPtr goal = i->lock();
+        if (goal) wakeUp(goal);
+    }
+
+    waitingForAnyGoal.clear();
+}
+
+
+void Worker::wakeUp(GoalPtr goal)
+{
+    goal->trace("woken up");
+    addToWeakGoals(awake, goal);
+}
+
+
+unsigned Worker::getNrLocalBuilds()
+{
+    return nrLocalBuilds;
+}
+
+
+void Worker::childStarted(GoalPtr goal,
+    pid_t pid, const set<int> & fds, bool inBuildSlot,
+    bool respectTimeouts)
+{
+    Child child;
+    child.goal = goal;
+    child.fds = fds;
+    child.timeStarted = child.lastOutput = time(0);
+    child.inBuildSlot = inBuildSlot;
+    child.respectTimeouts = respectTimeouts;
+    children[pid] = child;
+    if (inBuildSlot) nrLocalBuilds++;
+}
+
+
+void Worker::childTerminated(pid_t pid, bool wakeSleepers)
+{
+    assert(pid != -1); /* common mistake */
+
+    Children::iterator i = children.find(pid);
+    assert(i != children.end());
+
+    if (i->second.inBuildSlot) {
+        assert(nrLocalBuilds > 0);
+        nrLocalBuilds--;
+    }
+
+    children.erase(pid);
+
+    if (wakeSleepers) {
+
+        /* Wake up goals waiting for a build slot. */
+        foreach (WeakGoals::iterator, i, wantingToBuild) {
+            GoalPtr goal = i->lock();
+            if (goal) wakeUp(goal);
+        }
+
+        wantingToBuild.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Worker::waitForBuildSlot(GoalPtr goal)
+{
+    debug("wait for build slot");
+    if (getNrLocalBuilds() < settings.maxBuildJobs)
+        wakeUp(goal); /* we can do it right away */
+    else
+        addToWeakGoals(wantingToBuild, goal);
+}
+
+
+void Worker::waitForAnyGoal(GoalPtr goal)
+{
+    debug("wait for any goal");
+    addToWeakGoals(waitingForAnyGoal, goal);
+}
+
+
+void Worker::waitForAWhile(GoalPtr goal)
+{
+    debug("wait for a while");
+    addToWeakGoals(waitingForAWhile, goal);
+}
+
+
+void Worker::run(const Goals & _topGoals)
+{
+    foreach (Goals::iterator, i,  _topGoals) topGoals.insert(*i);
+
+    startNest(nest, lvlDebug, format("entered goal loop"));
+
+    while (1) {
+
+        checkInterrupt();
+
+        /* Call every wake goal. */
+        while (!awake.empty() && !topGoals.empty()) {
+            WeakGoals awake2(awake);
+            awake.clear();
+            foreach (WeakGoals::iterator, i, awake2) {
+                checkInterrupt();
+                GoalPtr goal = i->lock();
+                if (goal) goal->work();
+                if (topGoals.empty()) break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (topGoals.empty()) break;
+
+        /* Wait for input. */
+        if (!children.empty() || !waitingForAWhile.empty())
+            waitForInput();
+        else {
+            if (awake.empty() && settings.maxBuildJobs == 0) throw Error(
+                "unable to start any build; either increase `--max-jobs' "
+                "or enable distributed builds");
+            assert(!awake.empty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If --keep-going is not set, it's possible that the main goal
+       exited while some of its subgoals were still active.  But if
+       --keep-going *is* set, then they must all be finished now. */
+    assert(!settings.keepGoing || awake.empty());
+    assert(!settings.keepGoing || wantingToBuild.empty());
+    assert(!settings.keepGoing || children.empty());
+}
+
+
+void Worker::waitForInput()
+{
+    printMsg(lvlVomit, "waiting for children");
+
+    /* Process output from the file descriptors attached to the
+       children, namely log output and output path creation commands.
+       We also use this to detect child termination: if we get EOF on
+       the logger pipe of a build, we assume that the builder has
+       terminated. */
+
+    bool useTimeout = false;
+    struct timeval timeout;
+    timeout.tv_usec = 0;
+    time_t before = time(0);
+
+    /* If we're monitoring for silence on stdout/stderr, or if there
+       is a build timeout, then wait for input until the first
+       deadline for any child. */
+    assert(sizeof(time_t) >= sizeof(long));
+    time_t nearest = LONG_MAX; // nearest deadline
+    foreach (Children::iterator, i, children) {
+        if (!i->second.respectTimeouts) continue;
+        if (settings.maxSilentTime != 0)
+            nearest = std::min(nearest, i->second.lastOutput + settings.maxSilentTime);
+        if (settings.buildTimeout != 0)
+            nearest = std::min(nearest, i->second.timeStarted + settings.buildTimeout);
+    }
+    if (nearest != LONG_MAX) {
+        timeout.tv_sec = std::max((time_t) 1, nearest - before);
+        useTimeout = true;
+        printMsg(lvlVomit, format("sleeping %1% seconds") % timeout.tv_sec);
+    }
+
+    /* If we are polling goals that are waiting for a lock, then wake
+       up after a few seconds at most. */
+    if (!waitingForAWhile.empty()) {
+        useTimeout = true;
+        if (lastWokenUp == 0)
+            printMsg(lvlError, "waiting for locks or build slots...");
+        if (lastWokenUp == 0 || lastWokenUp > before) lastWokenUp = before;
+        timeout.tv_sec = std::max((time_t) 1, (time_t) (lastWokenUp + settings.pollInterval - before));
+    } else lastWokenUp = 0;
+
+    using namespace std;
+    /* Use select() to wait for the input side of any logger pipe to
+       become `available'.  Note that `available' (i.e., non-blocking)
+       includes EOF. */
+    fd_set fds;
+    FD_ZERO(&fds);
+    int fdMax = 0;
+    foreach (Children::iterator, i, children) {
+        foreach (set<int>::iterator, j, i->second.fds) {
+            FD_SET(*j, &fds);
+            if (*j >= fdMax) fdMax = *j + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (select(fdMax, &fds, 0, 0, useTimeout ? &timeout : 0) == -1) {
+        if (errno == EINTR) return;
+        throw SysError("waiting for input");
+    }
+
+    time_t after = time(0);
+
+    /* Process all available file descriptors. */
+
+    /* Since goals may be canceled from inside the loop below (causing
+       them go be erased from the `children' map), we have to be
+       careful that we don't keep iterators alive across calls to
+       cancel(). */
+    set<pid_t> pids;
+    foreach (Children::iterator, i, children) pids.insert(i->first);
+
+    foreach (set<pid_t>::iterator, i, pids) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        Children::iterator j = children.find(*i);
+        if (j == children.end()) continue; // child destroyed
+        GoalPtr goal = j->second.goal.lock();
+        assert(goal);
+
+        set<int> fds2(j->second.fds);
+        foreach (set<int>::iterator, k, fds2) {
+            if (FD_ISSET(*k, &fds)) {
+                unsigned char buffer[4096];
+                ssize_t rd = read(*k, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+                if (rd == -1) {
+                    if (errno != EINTR)
+                        throw SysError(format("reading from %1%")
+                            % goal->getName());
+                } else if (rd == 0) {
+                    debug(format("%1%: got EOF") % goal->getName());
+                    goal->handleEOF(*k);
+                    j->second.fds.erase(*k);
+                } else {
+                    printMsg(lvlVomit, format("%1%: read %2% bytes")
+                        % goal->getName() % rd);
+                    string data((char *) buffer, rd);
+                    j->second.lastOutput = after;
+                    goal->handleChildOutput(*k, data);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (goal->getExitCode() == Goal::ecBusy &&
+            settings.maxSilentTime != 0 &&
+            j->second.respectTimeouts &&
+            after - j->second.lastOutput >= (time_t) settings.maxSilentTime)
+        {
+            printMsg(lvlError,
+                format("%1% timed out after %2% seconds of silence")
+                % goal->getName() % settings.maxSilentTime);
+            goal->cancel(true);
+        }
+
+        else if (goal->getExitCode() == Goal::ecBusy &&
+            settings.buildTimeout != 0 &&
+            j->second.respectTimeouts &&
+            after - j->second.timeStarted >= (time_t) settings.buildTimeout)
+        {
+            printMsg(lvlError,
+                format("%1% timed out after %2% seconds")
+                % goal->getName() % settings.buildTimeout);
+            goal->cancel(true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!waitingForAWhile.empty() && lastWokenUp + settings.pollInterval <= after) {
+        lastWokenUp = after;
+        foreach (WeakGoals::iterator, i, waitingForAWhile) {
+            GoalPtr goal = i->lock();
+            if (goal) wakeUp(goal);
+        }
+        waitingForAWhile.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+
+unsigned int Worker::exitStatus()
+{
+    return permanentFailure ? 100 : 1;
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+void LocalStore::buildPaths(const PathSet & drvPaths, BuildMode buildMode)
+{
+    startNest(nest, lvlDebug,
+        format("building %1%") % showPaths(drvPaths));
+
+    Worker worker(*this);
+
+    Goals goals;
+    foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, drvPaths) {
+        DrvPathWithOutputs i2 = parseDrvPathWithOutputs(*i);
+        if (isDerivation(i2.first))
+            goals.insert(worker.makeDerivationGoal(i2.first, i2.second, buildMode));
+        else
+            goals.insert(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(*i, buildMode));
+    }
+
+    worker.run(goals);
+
+    PathSet failed;
+    foreach (Goals::iterator, i, goals)
+        if ((*i)->getExitCode() == Goal::ecFailed) {
+            DerivationGoal * i2 = dynamic_cast<DerivationGoal *>(i->get());
+            if (i2) failed.insert(i2->getDrvPath());
+            else failed.insert(dynamic_cast<SubstitutionGoal *>(i->get())->getStorePath());
+        }
+
+    if (!failed.empty())
+        throw Error(format("build of %1% failed") % showPaths(failed), worker.exitStatus());
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::ensurePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    /* If the path is already valid, we're done. */
+    if (isValidPath(path)) return;
+
+    Worker worker(*this);
+    GoalPtr goal = worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(path);
+    Goals goals = singleton<Goals>(goal);
+
+    worker.run(goals);
+
+    if (goal->getExitCode() != Goal::ecSuccess)
+        throw Error(format("path `%1%' does not exist and cannot be created") % path, worker.exitStatus());
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::repairPath(const Path & path)
+{
+    Worker worker(*this);
+    GoalPtr goal = worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(path, true);
+    Goals goals = singleton<Goals>(goal);
+
+    worker.run(goals);
+
+    if (goal->getExitCode() != Goal::ecSuccess)
+        throw Error(format("cannot repair path `%1%'") % path, worker.exitStatus());
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/derivations.cc b/nix/libstore/derivations.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d91e42784c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/derivations.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+#include "derivations.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+void DerivationOutput::parseHashInfo(bool & recursive, HashType & hashType, Hash & hash) const
+{
+    recursive = false;
+    string algo = hashAlgo;
+
+    if (string(algo, 0, 2) == "r:") {
+        recursive = true;
+        algo = string(algo, 2);
+    }
+
+    hashType = parseHashType(algo);
+    if (hashType == htUnknown)
+        throw Error(format("unknown hash algorithm `%1%'") % algo);
+
+    hash = parseHash(hashType, this->hash);
+}
+
+
+Path writeDerivation(StoreAPI & store,
+    const Derivation & drv, const string & name, bool repair)
+{
+    PathSet references;
+    references.insert(drv.inputSrcs.begin(), drv.inputSrcs.end());
+    foreach (DerivationInputs::const_iterator, i, drv.inputDrvs)
+        references.insert(i->first);
+    /* Note that the outputs of a derivation are *not* references
+       (that can be missing (of course) and should not necessarily be
+       held during a garbage collection). */
+    string suffix = name + drvExtension;
+    string contents = unparseDerivation(drv);
+    return settings.readOnlyMode
+        ? computeStorePathForText(suffix, contents, references)
+        : store.addTextToStore(suffix, contents, references, repair);
+}
+
+
+static Path parsePath(std::istream & str)
+{
+    string s = parseString(str);
+    if (s.size() == 0 || s[0] != '/')
+        throw Error(format("bad path `%1%' in derivation") % s);
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+static StringSet parseStrings(std::istream & str, bool arePaths)
+{
+    StringSet res;
+    while (!endOfList(str))
+        res.insert(arePaths ? parsePath(str) : parseString(str));
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+Derivation parseDerivation(const string & s)
+{
+    Derivation drv;
+    std::istringstream str(s);
+    expect(str, "Derive([");
+
+    /* Parse the list of outputs. */
+    while (!endOfList(str)) {
+        DerivationOutput out;
+        expect(str, "("); string id = parseString(str);
+        expect(str, ","); out.path = parsePath(str);
+        expect(str, ","); out.hashAlgo = parseString(str);
+        expect(str, ","); out.hash = parseString(str);
+        expect(str, ")");
+        drv.outputs[id] = out;
+    }
+
+    /* Parse the list of input derivations. */
+    expect(str, ",[");
+    while (!endOfList(str)) {
+        expect(str, "(");
+        Path drvPath = parsePath(str);
+        expect(str, ",[");
+        drv.inputDrvs[drvPath] = parseStrings(str, false);
+        expect(str, ")");
+    }
+
+    expect(str, ",["); drv.inputSrcs = parseStrings(str, true);
+    expect(str, ","); drv.platform = parseString(str);
+    expect(str, ","); drv.builder = parseString(str);
+
+    /* Parse the builder arguments. */
+    expect(str, ",[");
+    while (!endOfList(str))
+        drv.args.push_back(parseString(str));
+
+    /* Parse the environment variables. */
+    expect(str, ",[");
+    while (!endOfList(str)) {
+        expect(str, "("); string name = parseString(str);
+        expect(str, ","); string value = parseString(str);
+        expect(str, ")");
+        drv.env[name] = value;
+    }
+
+    expect(str, ")");
+    return drv;
+}
+
+
+static void printString(string & res, const string & s)
+{
+    res += '"';
+    for (const char * i = s.c_str(); *i; i++)
+        if (*i == '\"' || *i == '\\') { res += "\\"; res += *i; }
+        else if (*i == '\n') res += "\\n";
+        else if (*i == '\r') res += "\\r";
+        else if (*i == '\t') res += "\\t";
+        else res += *i;
+    res += '"';
+}
+
+
+template<class ForwardIterator>
+static void printStrings(string & res, ForwardIterator i, ForwardIterator j)
+{
+    res += '[';
+    bool first = true;
+    for ( ; i != j; ++i) {
+        if (first) first = false; else res += ',';
+        printString(res, *i);
+    }
+    res += ']';
+}
+
+
+string unparseDerivation(const Derivation & drv)
+{
+    string s;
+    s.reserve(65536);
+    s += "Derive([";
+
+    bool first = true;
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::const_iterator, i, drv.outputs) {
+        if (first) first = false; else s += ',';
+        s += '('; printString(s, i->first);
+        s += ','; printString(s, i->second.path);
+        s += ','; printString(s, i->second.hashAlgo);
+        s += ','; printString(s, i->second.hash);
+        s += ')';
+    }
+
+    s += "],[";
+    first = true;
+    foreach (DerivationInputs::const_iterator, i, drv.inputDrvs) {
+        if (first) first = false; else s += ',';
+        s += '('; printString(s, i->first);
+        s += ','; printStrings(s, i->second.begin(), i->second.end());
+        s += ')';
+    }
+
+    s += "],";
+    printStrings(s, drv.inputSrcs.begin(), drv.inputSrcs.end());
+
+    s += ','; printString(s, drv.platform);
+    s += ','; printString(s, drv.builder);
+    s += ','; printStrings(s, drv.args.begin(), drv.args.end());
+
+    s += ",[";
+    first = true;
+    foreach (StringPairs::const_iterator, i, drv.env) {
+        if (first) first = false; else s += ',';
+        s += '('; printString(s, i->first);
+        s += ','; printString(s, i->second);
+        s += ')';
+    }
+
+    s += "])";
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+bool isDerivation(const string & fileName)
+{
+    return hasSuffix(fileName, drvExtension);
+}
+
+
+bool isFixedOutputDrv(const Derivation & drv)
+{
+    return drv.outputs.size() == 1 &&
+        drv.outputs.begin()->first == "out" &&
+        drv.outputs.begin()->second.hash != "";
+}
+
+
+DrvHashes drvHashes;
+
+
+/* Returns the hash of a derivation modulo fixed-output
+   subderivations.  A fixed-output derivation is a derivation with one
+   output (`out') for which an expected hash and hash algorithm are
+   specified (using the `outputHash' and `outputHashAlgo'
+   attributes).  We don't want changes to such derivations to
+   propagate upwards through the dependency graph, changing output
+   paths everywhere.
+
+   For instance, if we change the url in a call to the `fetchurl'
+   function, we do not want to rebuild everything depending on it
+   (after all, (the hash of) the file being downloaded is unchanged).
+   So the *output paths* should not change.  On the other hand, the
+   *derivation paths* should change to reflect the new dependency
+   graph.
+
+   That's what this function does: it returns a hash which is just the
+   hash of the derivation ATerm, except that any input derivation
+   paths have been replaced by the result of a recursive call to this
+   function, and that for fixed-output derivations we return a hash of
+   its output path. */
+Hash hashDerivationModulo(StoreAPI & store, Derivation drv)
+{
+    /* Return a fixed hash for fixed-output derivations. */
+    if (isFixedOutputDrv(drv)) {
+        DerivationOutputs::const_iterator i = drv.outputs.begin();
+        return hashString(htSHA256, "fixed:out:"
+            + i->second.hashAlgo + ":"
+            + i->second.hash + ":"
+            + i->second.path);
+    }
+
+    /* For other derivations, replace the inputs paths with recursive
+       calls to this function.*/
+    DerivationInputs inputs2;
+    foreach (DerivationInputs::const_iterator, i, drv.inputDrvs) {
+        Hash h = drvHashes[i->first];
+        if (h.type == htUnknown) {
+            assert(store.isValidPath(i->first));
+            Derivation drv2 = parseDerivation(readFile(i->first));
+            h = hashDerivationModulo(store, drv2);
+            drvHashes[i->first] = h;
+        }
+        inputs2[printHash(h)] = i->second;
+    }
+    drv.inputDrvs = inputs2;
+
+    return hashString(htSHA256, unparseDerivation(drv));
+}
+
+
+DrvPathWithOutputs parseDrvPathWithOutputs(const string & s)
+{
+    size_t n = s.find("!");
+    return n == s.npos
+        ? DrvPathWithOutputs(s, std::set<string>())
+        : DrvPathWithOutputs(string(s, 0, n), tokenizeString<std::set<string> >(string(s, n + 1), ","));
+}
+
+
+Path makeDrvPathWithOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const std::set<string> & outputs)
+{
+    return outputs.empty()
+        ? drvPath
+        : drvPath + "!" + concatStringsSep(",", outputs);
+}
+
+
+bool wantOutput(const string & output, const std::set<string> & wanted)
+{
+    return wanted.empty() || wanted.find(output) != wanted.end();
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/derivations.hh b/nix/libstore/derivations.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..703410b925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/derivations.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+#include "hash.hh"
+
+#include <map>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* Extension of derivations in the Nix store. */
+const string drvExtension = ".drv";
+
+
+/* Abstract syntax of derivations. */
+
+struct DerivationOutput
+{
+    Path path;
+    string hashAlgo; /* hash used for expected hash computation */
+    string hash; /* expected hash, may be null */
+    DerivationOutput()
+    {
+    }
+    DerivationOutput(Path path, string hashAlgo, string hash)
+    {
+        this->path = path;
+        this->hashAlgo = hashAlgo;
+        this->hash = hash;
+    }
+    void parseHashInfo(bool & recursive, HashType & hashType, Hash & hash) const;
+};
+
+typedef std::map<string, DerivationOutput> DerivationOutputs;
+
+/* For inputs that are sub-derivations, we specify exactly which
+   output IDs we are interested in. */
+typedef std::map<Path, StringSet> DerivationInputs;
+
+typedef std::map<string, string> StringPairs;
+
+struct Derivation
+{
+    DerivationOutputs outputs; /* keyed on symbolic IDs */
+    DerivationInputs inputDrvs; /* inputs that are sub-derivations */
+    PathSet inputSrcs; /* inputs that are sources */
+    string platform;
+    Path builder;
+    Strings args;
+    StringPairs env;
+};
+
+
+class StoreAPI;
+
+
+/* Write a derivation to the Nix store, and return its path. */
+Path writeDerivation(StoreAPI & store,
+    const Derivation & drv, const string & name, bool repair = false);
+
+/* Parse a derivation. */
+Derivation parseDerivation(const string & s);
+
+/* Print a derivation. */
+string unparseDerivation(const Derivation & drv);
+
+/* Check whether a file name ends with the extensions for
+   derivations. */
+bool isDerivation(const string & fileName);
+
+/* Return true iff this is a fixed-output derivation. */
+bool isFixedOutputDrv(const Derivation & drv);
+
+Hash hashDerivationModulo(StoreAPI & store, Derivation drv);
+
+/* Memoisation of hashDerivationModulo(). */
+typedef std::map<Path, Hash> DrvHashes;
+
+extern DrvHashes drvHashes;
+
+/* Split a string specifying a derivation and a set of outputs
+   (/nix/store/hash-foo!out1,out2,...) into the derivation path and
+   the outputs. */
+typedef std::pair<string, std::set<string> > DrvPathWithOutputs;
+DrvPathWithOutputs parseDrvPathWithOutputs(const string & s);
+
+Path makeDrvPathWithOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const std::set<string> & outputs);
+
+bool wantOutput(const string & output, const std::set<string> & wanted);
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/gc.cc b/nix/libstore/gc.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f90edac1cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/gc.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <queue>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+static string gcLockName = "gc.lock";
+static string tempRootsDir = "temproots";
+static string gcRootsDir = "gcroots";
+
+
+/* Acquire the global GC lock.  This is used to prevent new Nix
+   processes from starting after the temporary root files have been
+   read.  To be precise: when they try to create a new temporary root
+   file, they will block until the garbage collector has finished /
+   yielded the GC lock. */
+int LocalStore::openGCLock(LockType lockType)
+{
+    Path fnGCLock = (format("%1%/%2%")
+        % settings.nixStateDir % gcLockName).str();
+
+    debug(format("acquiring global GC lock `%1%'") % fnGCLock);
+
+    AutoCloseFD fdGCLock = open(fnGCLock.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
+    if (fdGCLock == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("opening global GC lock `%1%'") % fnGCLock);
+    closeOnExec(fdGCLock);
+
+    if (!lockFile(fdGCLock, lockType, false)) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("waiting for the big garbage collector lock..."));
+        lockFile(fdGCLock, lockType, true);
+    }
+
+    /* !!! Restrict read permission on the GC root.  Otherwise any
+       process that can open the file for reading can DoS the
+       collector. */
+
+    return fdGCLock.borrow();
+}
+
+
+static void makeSymlink(const Path & link, const Path & target)
+{
+    /* Create directories up to `gcRoot'. */
+    createDirs(dirOf(link));
+
+    /* Create the new symlink. */
+    Path tempLink = (format("%1%.tmp-%2%-%3%")
+        % link % getpid() % rand()).str();
+    createSymlink(target, tempLink);
+
+    /* Atomically replace the old one. */
+    if (rename(tempLink.c_str(), link.c_str()) == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("cannot rename `%1%' to `%2%'")
+            % tempLink % link);
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::syncWithGC()
+{
+    AutoCloseFD fdGCLock = openGCLock(ltRead);
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::addIndirectRoot(const Path & path)
+{
+    string hash = printHash32(hashString(htSHA1, path));
+    Path realRoot = canonPath((format("%1%/%2%/auto/%3%")
+        % settings.nixStateDir % gcRootsDir % hash).str());
+    makeSymlink(realRoot, path);
+}
+
+
+Path addPermRoot(StoreAPI & store, const Path & _storePath,
+    const Path & _gcRoot, bool indirect, bool allowOutsideRootsDir)
+{
+    Path storePath(canonPath(_storePath));
+    Path gcRoot(canonPath(_gcRoot));
+    assertStorePath(storePath);
+
+    if (isInStore(gcRoot))
+        throw Error(format(
+                "creating a garbage collector root (%1%) in the Nix store is forbidden "
+                "(are you running nix-build inside the store?)") % gcRoot);
+
+    if (indirect) {
+        /* Don't clobber the the link if it already exists and doesn't
+           point to the Nix store. */
+        if (pathExists(gcRoot) && (!isLink(gcRoot) || !isInStore(readLink(gcRoot))))
+            throw Error(format("cannot create symlink `%1%'; already exists") % gcRoot);
+        makeSymlink(gcRoot, storePath);
+        store.addIndirectRoot(gcRoot);
+    }
+
+    else {
+        if (!allowOutsideRootsDir) {
+            Path rootsDir = canonPath((format("%1%/%2%") % settings.nixStateDir % gcRootsDir).str());
+
+            if (string(gcRoot, 0, rootsDir.size() + 1) != rootsDir + "/")
+                throw Error(format(
+                    "path `%1%' is not a valid garbage collector root; "
+                    "it's not in the directory `%2%'")
+                    % gcRoot % rootsDir);
+        }
+
+        makeSymlink(gcRoot, storePath);
+    }
+
+    /* Check that the root can be found by the garbage collector.
+       !!! This can be very slow on machines that have many roots.
+       Instead of reading all the roots, it would be more efficient to
+       check if the root is in a directory in or linked from the
+       gcroots directory. */
+    if (settings.checkRootReachability) {
+        Roots roots = store.findRoots();
+        if (roots.find(gcRoot) == roots.end())
+            printMsg(lvlError,
+                format(
+                    "warning: `%1%' is not in a directory where the garbage collector looks for roots; "
+                    "therefore, `%2%' might be removed by the garbage collector")
+                % gcRoot % storePath);
+    }
+
+    /* Grab the global GC root, causing us to block while a GC is in
+       progress.  This prevents the set of permanent roots from
+       increasing while a GC is in progress. */
+    store.syncWithGC();
+
+    return gcRoot;
+}
+
+
+/* The file to which we write our temporary roots. */
+static Path fnTempRoots;
+static AutoCloseFD fdTempRoots;
+
+
+void LocalStore::addTempRoot(const Path & path)
+{
+    /* Create the temporary roots file for this process. */
+    if (fdTempRoots == -1) {
+
+        while (1) {
+            Path dir = (format("%1%/%2%") % settings.nixStateDir % tempRootsDir).str();
+            createDirs(dir);
+
+            fnTempRoots = (format("%1%/%2%")
+                % dir % getpid()).str();
+
+            AutoCloseFD fdGCLock = openGCLock(ltRead);
+
+            if (pathExists(fnTempRoots))
+                /* It *must* be stale, since there can be no two
+                   processes with the same pid. */
+                unlink(fnTempRoots.c_str());
+
+            fdTempRoots = openLockFile(fnTempRoots, true);
+
+            fdGCLock.close();
+
+            debug(format("acquiring read lock on `%1%'") % fnTempRoots);
+            lockFile(fdTempRoots, ltRead, true);
+
+            /* Check whether the garbage collector didn't get in our
+               way. */
+            struct stat st;
+            if (fstat(fdTempRoots, &st) == -1)
+                throw SysError(format("statting `%1%'") % fnTempRoots);
+            if (st.st_size == 0) break;
+
+            /* The garbage collector deleted this file before we could
+               get a lock.  (It won't delete the file after we get a
+               lock.)  Try again. */
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /* Upgrade the lock to a write lock.  This will cause us to block
+       if the garbage collector is holding our lock. */
+    debug(format("acquiring write lock on `%1%'") % fnTempRoots);
+    lockFile(fdTempRoots, ltWrite, true);
+
+    string s = path + '\0';
+    writeFull(fdTempRoots, (const unsigned char *) s.data(), s.size());
+
+    /* Downgrade to a read lock. */
+    debug(format("downgrading to read lock on `%1%'") % fnTempRoots);
+    lockFile(fdTempRoots, ltRead, true);
+}
+
+
+void removeTempRoots()
+{
+    if (fdTempRoots != -1) {
+        fdTempRoots.close();
+        unlink(fnTempRoots.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* Automatically clean up the temporary roots file when we exit. */
+struct RemoveTempRoots
+{
+    ~RemoveTempRoots()
+    {
+        removeTempRoots();
+    }
+};
+
+static RemoveTempRoots autoRemoveTempRoots __attribute__((unused));
+
+
+typedef std::shared_ptr<AutoCloseFD> FDPtr;
+typedef list<FDPtr> FDs;
+
+
+static void readTempRoots(PathSet & tempRoots, FDs & fds)
+{
+    /* Read the `temproots' directory for per-process temporary root
+       files. */
+    Strings tempRootFiles = readDirectory(
+        (format("%1%/%2%") % settings.nixStateDir % tempRootsDir).str());
+
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, tempRootFiles) {
+        Path path = (format("%1%/%2%/%3%") % settings.nixStateDir % tempRootsDir % *i).str();
+
+        debug(format("reading temporary root file `%1%'") % path);
+        FDPtr fd(new AutoCloseFD(open(path.c_str(), O_RDWR, 0666)));
+        if (*fd == -1) {
+            /* It's okay if the file has disappeared. */
+            if (errno == ENOENT) continue;
+            throw SysError(format("opening temporary roots file `%1%'") % path);
+        }
+
+        /* This should work, but doesn't, for some reason. */
+        //FDPtr fd(new AutoCloseFD(openLockFile(path, false)));
+        //if (*fd == -1) continue;
+
+        /* Try to acquire a write lock without blocking.  This can
+           only succeed if the owning process has died.  In that case
+           we don't care about its temporary roots. */
+        if (lockFile(*fd, ltWrite, false)) {
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("removing stale temporary roots file `%1%'") % path);
+            unlink(path.c_str());
+            writeFull(*fd, (const unsigned char *) "d", 1);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* Acquire a read lock.  This will prevent the owning process
+           from upgrading to a write lock, therefore it will block in
+           addTempRoot(). */
+        debug(format("waiting for read lock on `%1%'") % path);
+        lockFile(*fd, ltRead, true);
+
+        /* Read the entire file. */
+        string contents = readFile(*fd);
+
+        /* Extract the roots. */
+        string::size_type pos = 0, end;
+
+        while ((end = contents.find((char) 0, pos)) != string::npos) {
+            Path root(contents, pos, end - pos);
+            debug(format("got temporary root `%1%'") % root);
+            assertStorePath(root);
+            tempRoots.insert(root);
+            pos = end + 1;
+        }
+
+        fds.push_back(fd); /* keep open */
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void foundRoot(StoreAPI & store,
+    const Path & path, const Path & target, Roots & roots)
+{
+    Path storePath = toStorePath(target);
+    if (store.isValidPath(storePath))
+        roots[path] = storePath;
+    else
+        printMsg(lvlInfo, format("skipping invalid root from `%1%' to `%2%'") % path % storePath);
+}
+
+
+static void findRoots(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path, Roots & roots)
+{
+    try {
+
+        struct stat st = lstat(path);
+
+        if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+            Strings names = readDirectory(path);
+            foreach (Strings::iterator, i, names)
+                findRoots(store, path + "/" + *i, roots);
+        }
+
+        else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+            Path target = readLink(path);
+            if (isInStore(target))
+                foundRoot(store, path, target, roots);
+
+            /* Handle indirect roots. */
+            else {
+                target = absPath(target, dirOf(path));
+                if (!pathExists(target)) {
+                    if (isInDir(path, settings.nixStateDir + "/" + gcRootsDir + "/auto")) {
+                        printMsg(lvlInfo, format("removing stale link from `%1%' to `%2%'") % path % target);
+                        unlink(path.c_str());
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    struct stat st2 = lstat(target);
+                    if (!S_ISLNK(st2.st_mode)) return;
+                    Path target2 = readLink(target);
+                    if (isInStore(target2)) foundRoot(store, target, target2, roots);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    catch (SysError & e) {
+        /* We only ignore permanent failures. */
+        if (e.errNo == EACCES || e.errNo == ENOENT || e.errNo == ENOTDIR)
+            printMsg(lvlInfo, format("cannot read potential root `%1%'") % path);
+        else
+            throw;
+    }
+}
+
+
+Roots LocalStore::findRoots()
+{
+    Roots roots;
+
+    /* Process direct roots in {gcroots,manifests,profiles}. */
+    nix::findRoots(*this, settings.nixStateDir + "/" + gcRootsDir, roots);
+    nix::findRoots(*this, settings.nixStateDir + "/manifests", roots);
+    nix::findRoots(*this, settings.nixStateDir + "/profiles", roots);
+
+    return roots;
+}
+
+
+static void addAdditionalRoots(StoreAPI & store, PathSet & roots)
+{
+    Path rootFinder = getEnv("NIX_ROOT_FINDER",
+        settings.nixLibexecDir + "/guix/list-runtime-roots");
+
+    if (rootFinder.empty()) return;
+
+    debug(format("executing `%1%' to find additional roots") % rootFinder);
+
+    string result = runProgram(rootFinder);
+
+    StringSet paths = tokenizeString<StringSet>(result, "\n");
+
+    foreach (StringSet::iterator, i, paths) {
+        if (isInStore(*i)) {
+            Path path = toStorePath(*i);
+            if (roots.find(path) == roots.end() && store.isValidPath(path)) {
+                debug(format("got additional root `%1%'") % path);
+                roots.insert(path);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+struct GCLimitReached { };
+
+
+struct LocalStore::GCState
+{
+    GCOptions options;
+    GCResults & results;
+    PathSet roots;
+    PathSet tempRoots;
+    PathSet dead;
+    PathSet alive;
+    bool gcKeepOutputs;
+    bool gcKeepDerivations;
+    unsigned long long bytesInvalidated;
+    Path trashDir;
+    bool shouldDelete;
+    GCState(GCResults & results_) : results(results_), bytesInvalidated(0) { }
+};
+
+
+bool LocalStore::isActiveTempFile(const GCState & state,
+    const Path & path, const string & suffix)
+{
+    return hasSuffix(path, suffix)
+        && state.tempRoots.find(string(path, 0, path.size() - suffix.size())) != state.tempRoots.end();
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::deleteGarbage(GCState & state, const Path & path)
+{
+    unsigned long long bytesFreed;
+    deletePath(path, bytesFreed);
+    state.results.bytesFreed += bytesFreed;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::deletePathRecursive(GCState & state, const Path & path)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+
+    unsigned long long size = 0;
+
+    if (isValidPath(path)) {
+        PathSet referrers;
+        queryReferrers(path, referrers);
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, referrers)
+            if (*i != path) deletePathRecursive(state, *i);
+        size = queryPathInfo(path).narSize;
+        invalidatePathChecked(path);
+    }
+
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st)) {
+        if (errno == ENOENT) return;
+        throw SysError(format("getting status of %1%") % path);
+    }
+
+    printMsg(lvlInfo, format("deleting `%1%'") % path);
+
+    state.results.paths.insert(path);
+
+    /* If the path is not a regular file or symlink, move it to the
+       trash directory.  The move is to ensure that later (when we're
+       not holding the global GC lock) we can delete the path without
+       being afraid that the path has become alive again.  Otherwise
+       delete it right away. */
+    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+        // Estimate the amount freed using the narSize field.  FIXME:
+        // if the path was not valid, need to determine the actual
+        // size.
+        state.bytesInvalidated += size;
+        // Mac OS X cannot rename directories if they are read-only.
+        if (chmod(path.c_str(), st.st_mode | S_IWUSR) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("making `%1%' writable") % path);
+        Path tmp = state.trashDir + "/" + baseNameOf(path);
+        if (rename(path.c_str(), tmp.c_str()))
+            throw SysError(format("unable to rename `%1%' to `%2%'") % path % tmp);
+    } else
+        deleteGarbage(state, path);
+
+    if (state.results.bytesFreed + state.bytesInvalidated > state.options.maxFreed) {
+        printMsg(lvlInfo, format("deleted or invalidated more than %1% bytes; stopping") % state.options.maxFreed);
+        throw GCLimitReached();
+    }
+}
+
+
+bool LocalStore::canReachRoot(GCState & state, PathSet & visited, const Path & path)
+{
+    if (visited.find(path) != visited.end()) return false;
+
+    if (state.alive.find(path) != state.alive.end()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (state.dead.find(path) != state.dead.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (state.roots.find(path) != state.roots.end()) {
+        printMsg(lvlDebug, format("cannot delete `%1%' because it's a root") % path);
+        state.alive.insert(path);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    visited.insert(path);
+
+    if (!isValidPath(path)) return false;
+
+    PathSet incoming;
+
+    /* Don't delete this path if any of its referrers are alive. */
+    queryReferrers(path, incoming);
+
+    /* If gc-keep-derivations is set and this is a derivation, then
+       don't delete the derivation if any of the outputs are alive. */
+    if (state.gcKeepDerivations && isDerivation(path)) {
+        PathSet outputs = queryDerivationOutputs(path);
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, outputs)
+            if (isValidPath(*i) && queryDeriver(*i) == path)
+                incoming.insert(*i);
+    }
+
+    /* If gc-keep-outputs is set, then don't delete this path if there
+       are derivers of this path that are not garbage. */
+    if (state.gcKeepOutputs) {
+        PathSet derivers = queryValidDerivers(path);
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, derivers)
+            incoming.insert(*i);
+    }
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, incoming)
+        if (*i != path)
+            if (canReachRoot(state, visited, *i)) {
+                state.alive.insert(path);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::tryToDelete(GCState & state, const Path & path)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+
+    if (path == linksDir || path == state.trashDir) return;
+
+    startNest(nest, lvlDebug, format("considering whether to delete `%1%'") % path);
+
+    if (!isValidPath(path)) {
+        /* A lock file belonging to a path that we're building right
+           now isn't garbage. */
+        if (isActiveTempFile(state, path, ".lock")) return;
+
+        /* Don't delete .chroot directories for derivations that are
+           currently being built. */
+        if (isActiveTempFile(state, path, ".chroot")) return;
+    }
+
+    PathSet visited;
+
+    if (canReachRoot(state, visited, path)) {
+        printMsg(lvlDebug, format("cannot delete `%1%' because it's still reachable") % path);
+    } else {
+        /* No path we visited was a root, so everything is garbage.
+           But we only delete ‘path’ and its referrers here so that
+           ‘nix-store --delete’ doesn't have the unexpected effect of
+           recursing into derivations and outputs. */
+        state.dead.insert(visited.begin(), visited.end());
+        if (state.shouldDelete)
+            deletePathRecursive(state, path);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* Unlink all files in /nix/store/.links that have a link count of 1,
+   which indicates that there are no other links and so they can be
+   safely deleted.  FIXME: race condition with optimisePath(): we
+   might see a link count of 1 just before optimisePath() increases
+   the link count. */
+void LocalStore::removeUnusedLinks(const GCState & state)
+{
+    AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(linksDir.c_str());
+    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory `%1%'") % linksDir);
+
+    long long actualSize = 0, unsharedSize = 0;
+
+    struct dirent * dirent;
+    while (errno = 0, dirent = readdir(dir)) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        string name = dirent->d_name;
+        if (name == "." || name == "..") continue;
+        Path path = linksDir + "/" + name;
+
+        struct stat st;
+        if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("statting `%1%'") % path);
+
+        if (st.st_nlink != 1) {
+            unsigned long long size = st.st_blocks * 512ULL;
+            actualSize += size;
+            unsharedSize += (st.st_nlink - 1) * size;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("deleting unused link `%1%'") % path);
+
+        if (unlink(path.c_str()) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("deleting `%1%'") % path);
+
+        state.results.bytesFreed += st.st_blocks * 512;
+    }
+
+    struct stat st;
+    if (stat(linksDir.c_str(), &st) == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("statting `%1%'") % linksDir);
+    long long overhead = st.st_blocks * 512ULL;
+
+    printMsg(lvlInfo, format("note: currently hard linking saves %.2f MiB")
+        % ((unsharedSize - actualSize - overhead) / (1024.0 * 1024.0)));
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results)
+{
+    GCState state(results);
+    state.options = options;
+    state.trashDir = settings.nixStore + "/trash";
+    state.gcKeepOutputs = settings.gcKeepOutputs;
+    state.gcKeepDerivations = settings.gcKeepDerivations;
+
+    /* Using `--ignore-liveness' with `--delete' can have unintended
+       consequences if `gc-keep-outputs' or `gc-keep-derivations' are
+       true (the garbage collector will recurse into deleting the
+       outputs or derivers, respectively).  So disable them. */
+    if (options.action == GCOptions::gcDeleteSpecific && options.ignoreLiveness) {
+        state.gcKeepOutputs = false;
+        state.gcKeepDerivations = false;
+    }
+
+    state.shouldDelete = options.action == GCOptions::gcDeleteDead || options.action == GCOptions::gcDeleteSpecific;
+
+    /* Acquire the global GC root.  This prevents
+       a) New roots from being added.
+       b) Processes from creating new temporary root files. */
+    AutoCloseFD fdGCLock = openGCLock(ltWrite);
+
+    /* Find the roots.  Since we've grabbed the GC lock, the set of
+       permanent roots cannot increase now. */
+    printMsg(lvlError, format("finding garbage collector roots..."));
+    Roots rootMap = options.ignoreLiveness ? Roots() : findRoots();
+
+    foreach (Roots::iterator, i, rootMap) state.roots.insert(i->second);
+
+    /* Add additional roots returned by the program specified by the
+       NIX_ROOT_FINDER environment variable.  This is typically used
+       to add running programs to the set of roots (to prevent them
+       from being garbage collected). */
+    if (!options.ignoreLiveness)
+        addAdditionalRoots(*this, state.roots);
+
+    /* Read the temporary roots.  This acquires read locks on all
+       per-process temporary root files.  So after this point no paths
+       can be added to the set of temporary roots. */
+    FDs fds;
+    readTempRoots(state.tempRoots, fds);
+    state.roots.insert(state.tempRoots.begin(), state.tempRoots.end());
+
+    /* After this point the set of roots or temporary roots cannot
+       increase, since we hold locks on everything.  So everything
+       that is not reachable from `roots'. */
+
+    if (state.shouldDelete) {
+        if (pathExists(state.trashDir)) deleteGarbage(state, state.trashDir);
+        createDirs(state.trashDir);
+    }
+
+    /* Now either delete all garbage paths, or just the specified
+       paths (for gcDeleteSpecific). */
+
+    if (options.action == GCOptions::gcDeleteSpecific) {
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, options.pathsToDelete) {
+            assertStorePath(*i);
+            tryToDelete(state, *i);
+            if (state.dead.find(*i) == state.dead.end())
+                throw Error(format("cannot delete path `%1%' since it is still alive") % *i);
+        }
+
+    } else if (options.maxFreed > 0) {
+
+        if (state.shouldDelete)
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("deleting garbage..."));
+        else
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("determining live/dead paths..."));
+
+        try {
+
+            AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(settings.nixStore.c_str());
+            if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory `%1%'") % settings.nixStore);
+
+            /* Read the store and immediately delete all paths that
+               aren't valid.  When using --max-freed etc., deleting
+               invalid paths is preferred over deleting unreachable
+               paths, since unreachable paths could become reachable
+               again.  We don't use readDirectory() here so that GCing
+               can start faster. */
+            Paths entries;
+            struct dirent * dirent;
+            while (errno = 0, dirent = readdir(dir)) {
+                checkInterrupt();
+                string name = dirent->d_name;
+                if (name == "." || name == "..") continue;
+                Path path = settings.nixStore + "/" + name;
+                if (isValidPath(path))
+                    entries.push_back(path);
+                else
+                    tryToDelete(state, path);
+            }
+
+            dir.close();
+
+            /* Now delete the unreachable valid paths.  Randomise the
+               order in which we delete entries to make the collector
+               less biased towards deleting paths that come
+               alphabetically first (e.g. /nix/store/000...).  This
+               matters when using --max-freed etc. */
+            vector<Path> entries_(entries.begin(), entries.end());
+            random_shuffle(entries_.begin(), entries_.end());
+
+            foreach (vector<Path>::iterator, i, entries_)
+                tryToDelete(state, *i);
+
+        } catch (GCLimitReached & e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (state.options.action == GCOptions::gcReturnLive) {
+        state.results.paths = state.alive;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (state.options.action == GCOptions::gcReturnDead) {
+        state.results.paths = state.dead;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Allow other processes to add to the store from here on. */
+    fdGCLock.close();
+    fds.clear();
+
+    /* Delete the trash directory. */
+    printMsg(lvlInfo, format("deleting `%1%'") % state.trashDir);
+    deleteGarbage(state, state.trashDir);
+
+    /* Clean up the links directory. */
+    if (options.action == GCOptions::gcDeleteDead || options.action == GCOptions::gcDeleteSpecific) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("deleting unused links..."));
+        removeUnusedLinks(state);
+    }
+
+    /* While we're at it, vacuum the database. */
+    if (options.action == GCOptions::gcDeleteDead) vacuumDB();
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/globals.cc b/nix/libstore/globals.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86fa56739c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/globals.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* The default location of the daemon socket, relative to nixStateDir.
+   The socket is in a directory to allow you to control access to the
+   Nix daemon by setting the mode/ownership of the directory
+   appropriately.  (This wouldn't work on the socket itself since it
+   must be deleted and recreated on startup.) */
+#define DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH "/daemon-socket/socket"
+
+
+Settings settings;
+
+
+Settings::Settings()
+{
+    keepFailed = false;
+    keepGoing = false;
+    tryFallback = false;
+    buildVerbosity = lvlError;
+    maxBuildJobs = 1;
+    buildCores = 1;
+    readOnlyMode = false;
+    thisSystem = SYSTEM;
+    maxSilentTime = 0;
+    buildTimeout = 0;
+    useBuildHook = true;
+    printBuildTrace = false;
+    reservedSize = 1024 * 1024;
+    fsyncMetadata = true;
+    useSQLiteWAL = true;
+    syncBeforeRegistering = false;
+    useSubstitutes = true;
+    useChroot = false;
+    useSshSubstituter = false;
+    impersonateLinux26 = false;
+    keepLog = true;
+    compressLog = true;
+    maxLogSize = 0;
+    cacheFailure = false;
+    pollInterval = 5;
+    checkRootReachability = false;
+    gcKeepOutputs = false;
+    gcKeepDerivations = true;
+    autoOptimiseStore = false;
+    envKeepDerivations = false;
+    lockCPU = getEnv("NIX_AFFINITY_HACK", "1") == "1";
+    showTrace = false;
+}
+
+
+void Settings::processEnvironment()
+{
+    nixStore = canonPath(getEnv("NIX_STORE_DIR", getEnv("NIX_STORE", NIX_STORE_DIR)));
+    nixDataDir = canonPath(getEnv("NIX_DATA_DIR", NIX_DATA_DIR));
+    nixLogDir = canonPath(getEnv("NIX_LOG_DIR", NIX_LOG_DIR));
+    nixStateDir = canonPath(getEnv("NIX_STATE_DIR", NIX_STATE_DIR));
+    nixDBPath = getEnv("NIX_DB_DIR", nixStateDir + "/db");
+    nixConfDir = canonPath(getEnv("NIX_CONF_DIR", NIX_CONF_DIR));
+    nixLibexecDir = canonPath(getEnv("NIX_LIBEXEC_DIR", NIX_LIBEXEC_DIR));
+    nixBinDir = canonPath(getEnv("NIX_BIN_DIR", NIX_BIN_DIR));
+    nixDaemonSocketFile = canonPath(nixStateDir + DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH);
+}
+
+
+void Settings::loadConfFile()
+{
+    Path settingsFile = (format("%1%/%2%") % nixConfDir % "nix.conf").str();
+    if (!pathExists(settingsFile)) return;
+    string contents = readFile(settingsFile);
+
+    unsigned int pos = 0;
+
+    while (pos < contents.size()) {
+        string line;
+        while (pos < contents.size() && contents[pos] != '\n')
+            line += contents[pos++];
+        pos++;
+
+        string::size_type hash = line.find('#');
+        if (hash != string::npos)
+            line = string(line, 0, hash);
+
+        vector<string> tokens = tokenizeString<vector<string> >(line);
+        if (tokens.empty()) continue;
+
+        if (tokens.size() < 2 || tokens[1] != "=")
+            throw Error(format("illegal configuration line `%1%' in `%2%'") % line % settingsFile);
+
+        string name = tokens[0];
+
+        vector<string>::iterator i = tokens.begin();
+        advance(i, 2);
+        settings[name] = concatStringsSep(" ", Strings(i, tokens.end())); // FIXME: slow
+    };
+}
+
+
+void Settings::set(const string & name, const string & value)
+{
+    settings[name] = value;
+    overrides[name] = value;
+}
+
+
+void Settings::update()
+{
+    get(tryFallback, "build-fallback");
+    get(maxBuildJobs, "build-max-jobs");
+    get(buildCores, "build-cores");
+    get(thisSystem, "system");
+    get(maxSilentTime, "build-max-silent-time");
+    get(buildTimeout, "build-timeout");
+    get(reservedSize, "gc-reserved-space");
+    get(fsyncMetadata, "fsync-metadata");
+    get(useSQLiteWAL, "use-sqlite-wal");
+    get(syncBeforeRegistering, "sync-before-registering");
+    get(useSubstitutes, "build-use-substitutes");
+    get(buildUsersGroup, "build-users-group");
+    get(useChroot, "build-use-chroot");
+    get(dirsInChroot, "build-chroot-dirs");
+    get(impersonateLinux26, "build-impersonate-linux-26");
+    get(keepLog, "build-keep-log");
+    get(compressLog, "build-compress-log");
+    get(maxLogSize, "build-max-log-size");
+    get(cacheFailure, "build-cache-failure");
+    get(pollInterval, "build-poll-interval");
+    get(checkRootReachability, "gc-check-reachability");
+    get(gcKeepOutputs, "gc-keep-outputs");
+    get(gcKeepDerivations, "gc-keep-derivations");
+    get(autoOptimiseStore, "auto-optimise-store");
+    get(envKeepDerivations, "env-keep-derivations");
+    get(sshSubstituterHosts, "ssh-substituter-hosts");
+    get(useSshSubstituter, "use-ssh-substituter");
+
+    string subs = getEnv("NIX_SUBSTITUTERS", "default");
+    if (subs == "default") {
+        substituters.clear();
+#if 0
+        if (getEnv("NIX_OTHER_STORES") != "")
+            substituters.push_back(nixLibexecDir + "/nix/substituters/copy-from-other-stores.pl");
+#endif
+        substituters.push_back(nixLibexecDir + "/nix/substituters/download-using-manifests.pl");
+        substituters.push_back(nixLibexecDir + "/nix/substituters/download-from-binary-cache.pl");
+        if (useSshSubstituter)
+            substituters.push_back(nixLibexecDir + "/nix/substituters/download-via-ssh");
+    } else
+        substituters = tokenizeString<Strings>(subs, ":");
+}
+
+
+void Settings::get(string & res, const string & name)
+{
+    SettingsMap::iterator i = settings.find(name);
+    if (i == settings.end()) return;
+    res = i->second;
+}
+
+
+void Settings::get(bool & res, const string & name)
+{
+    SettingsMap::iterator i = settings.find(name);
+    if (i == settings.end()) return;
+    if (i->second == "true") res = true;
+    else if (i->second == "false") res = false;
+    else throw Error(format("configuration option `%1%' should be either `true' or `false', not `%2%'")
+        % name % i->second);
+}
+
+
+void Settings::get(StringSet & res, const string & name)
+{
+    SettingsMap::iterator i = settings.find(name);
+    if (i == settings.end()) return;
+    res.clear();
+    Strings ss = tokenizeString<Strings>(i->second);
+    res.insert(ss.begin(), ss.end());
+}
+
+void Settings::get(Strings & res, const string & name)
+{
+    SettingsMap::iterator i = settings.find(name);
+    if (i == settings.end()) return;
+    res = tokenizeString<Strings>(i->second);
+}
+
+
+template<class N> void Settings::get(N & res, const string & name)
+{
+    SettingsMap::iterator i = settings.find(name);
+    if (i == settings.end()) return;
+    if (!string2Int(i->second, res))
+        throw Error(format("configuration setting `%1%' should have an integer value") % name);
+}
+
+
+string Settings::pack()
+{
+    string s;
+    foreach (SettingsMap::iterator, i, settings) {
+        if (i->first.find('\n') != string::npos ||
+            i->first.find('=') != string::npos ||
+            i->second.find('\n') != string::npos)
+            throw Error("illegal option name/value");
+        s += i->first; s += '='; s += i->second; s += '\n';
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+void Settings::unpack(const string & pack) {
+    Strings lines = tokenizeString<Strings>(pack, "\n");
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, lines) {
+        string::size_type eq = i->find('=');
+        if (eq == string::npos)
+            throw Error("illegal option name/value");
+        set(i->substr(0, eq), i->substr(eq + 1));
+    }
+}
+
+
+Settings::SettingsMap Settings::getOverrides()
+{
+    return overrides;
+}
+
+
+const string nixVersion = PACKAGE_VERSION;
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/globals.hh b/nix/libstore/globals.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..711c365294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/globals.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+struct Settings {
+
+    typedef std::map<string, string> SettingsMap;
+
+    Settings();
+
+    void processEnvironment();
+
+    void loadConfFile();
+
+    void set(const string & name, const string & value);
+
+    void update();
+
+    string pack();
+
+    void unpack(const string & pack);
+
+    SettingsMap getOverrides();
+
+    /* The directory where we store sources and derived files. */
+    Path nixStore;
+
+    Path nixDataDir; /* !!! fix */
+
+    /* The directory where we log various operations. */
+    Path nixLogDir;
+
+    /* The directory where state is stored. */
+    Path nixStateDir;
+
+    /* The directory where we keep the SQLite database. */
+    Path nixDBPath;
+
+    /* The directory where configuration files are stored. */
+    Path nixConfDir;
+
+    /* The directory where internal helper programs are stored. */
+    Path nixLibexecDir;
+
+    /* The directory where the main programs are stored. */
+    Path nixBinDir;
+
+    /* File name of the socket the daemon listens to.  */
+    Path nixDaemonSocketFile;
+
+    /* Whether to keep temporary directories of failed builds. */
+    bool keepFailed;
+
+    /* Whether to keep building subgoals when a sibling (another
+       subgoal of the same goal) fails. */
+    bool keepGoing;
+
+    /* Whether, if we cannot realise the known closure corresponding
+       to a derivation, we should try to normalise the derivation
+       instead. */
+    bool tryFallback;
+
+    /* Verbosity level for build output. */
+    Verbosity buildVerbosity;
+
+    /* Maximum number of parallel build jobs.  0 means unlimited. */
+    unsigned int maxBuildJobs;
+
+    /* Number of CPU cores to utilize in parallel within a build,
+       i.e. by passing this number to Make via '-j'. 0 means that the
+       number of actual CPU cores on the local host ought to be
+       auto-detected. */
+    unsigned int buildCores;
+
+    /* Read-only mode.  Don't copy stuff to the store, don't change
+       the database. */
+    bool readOnlyMode;
+
+    /* The canonical system name, as returned by config.guess. */
+    string thisSystem;
+
+    /* The maximum time in seconds that a builer can go without
+       producing any output on stdout/stderr before it is killed.  0
+       means infinity. */
+    time_t maxSilentTime;
+
+    /* The maximum duration in seconds that a builder can run.  0
+       means infinity.  */
+    time_t buildTimeout;
+
+    /* The substituters.  There are programs that can somehow realise
+       a store path without building, e.g., by downloading it or
+       copying it from a CD. */
+    Paths substituters;
+
+    /* Whether to use build hooks (for distributed builds).  Sometimes
+       users want to disable this from the command-line. */
+    bool useBuildHook;
+
+    /* Whether buildDerivations() should print out lines on stderr in
+       a fixed format to allow its progress to be monitored.  Each
+       line starts with a "@".  The following are defined:
+
+       @ build-started <drvpath> <outpath> <system> <logfile>
+       @ build-failed <drvpath> <outpath> <exitcode> <error text>
+       @ build-succeeded <drvpath> <outpath>
+       @ substituter-started <outpath> <substituter>
+       @ substituter-failed <outpath> <exitcode> <error text>
+       @ substituter-succeeded <outpath>
+
+       Best combined with --no-build-output, otherwise stderr might
+       conceivably contain lines in this format printed by the
+       builders. */
+    bool printBuildTrace;
+
+    /* Amount of reserved space for the garbage collector
+       (/nix/var/nix/db/reserved). */
+    off_t reservedSize;
+
+    /* Whether SQLite should use fsync. */
+    bool fsyncMetadata;
+
+    /* Whether SQLite should use WAL mode. */
+    bool useSQLiteWAL;
+
+    /* Whether to call sync() before registering a path as valid. */
+    bool syncBeforeRegistering;
+
+    /* Whether to use substitutes. */
+    bool useSubstitutes;
+
+    /* The Unix group that contains the build users. */
+    string buildUsersGroup;
+
+    /* Whether to build in chroot. */
+    bool useChroot;
+
+    /* The directories from the host filesystem to be included in the
+       chroot. */
+    StringSet dirsInChroot;
+
+    /* Set of ssh connection strings for the ssh substituter */
+    Strings sshSubstituterHosts;
+
+    /* Whether to use the ssh substituter at all */
+    bool useSshSubstituter;
+
+    /* Whether to impersonate a Linux 2.6 machine on newer kernels. */
+    bool impersonateLinux26;
+
+    /* Whether to store build logs. */
+    bool keepLog;
+
+    /* Whether to compress logs. */
+    bool compressLog;
+
+    /* Maximum number of bytes a builder can write to stdout/stderr
+       before being killed (0 means no limit). */
+    unsigned long maxLogSize;
+
+    /* Whether to cache build failures. */
+    bool cacheFailure;
+
+    /* How often (in seconds) to poll for locks. */
+    unsigned int pollInterval;
+
+    /* Whether to check if new GC roots can in fact be found by the
+       garbage collector. */
+    bool checkRootReachability;
+
+    /* Whether the garbage collector should keep outputs of live
+       derivations. */
+    bool gcKeepOutputs;
+
+    /* Whether the garbage collector should keep derivers of live
+       paths. */
+    bool gcKeepDerivations;
+
+    /* Whether to automatically replace files with identical contents
+       with hard links. */
+    bool autoOptimiseStore;
+
+    /* Whether to add derivations as a dependency of user environments
+       (to prevent them from being GCed). */
+    bool envKeepDerivations;
+
+    /* Whether to lock the Nix client and worker to the same CPU. */
+    bool lockCPU;
+
+    /* Whether to show a stack trace if Nix evaluation fails. */
+    bool showTrace;
+
+private:
+    SettingsMap settings, overrides;
+
+    void get(string & res, const string & name);
+    void get(bool & res, const string & name);
+    void get(StringSet & res, const string & name);
+    void get(Strings & res, const string & name);
+    template<class N> void get(N & res, const string & name);
+};
+
+
+// FIXME: don't use a global variable.
+extern Settings settings;
+
+
+extern const string nixVersion;
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/local-store.cc b/nix/libstore/local-store.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1293a6e8f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/local-store.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2010 @@
+#include "config.h"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "archive.hh"
+#include "pathlocks.hh"
+#include "worker-protocol.hh"
+#include "derivations.hh"
+#include "affinity.hh"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utime.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#if HAVE_UNSHARE && HAVE_STATVFS && HAVE_SYS_MOUNT_H
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LINUX_FS_H
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sqlite3.h>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+MakeError(SQLiteError, Error);
+MakeError(SQLiteBusy, SQLiteError);
+
+
+static void throwSQLiteError(sqlite3 * db, const format & f)
+    __attribute__ ((noreturn));
+
+static void throwSQLiteError(sqlite3 * db, const format & f)
+{
+    int err = sqlite3_errcode(db);
+    if (err == SQLITE_BUSY || err == SQLITE_PROTOCOL) {
+        if (err == SQLITE_PROTOCOL)
+            printMsg(lvlError, "warning: SQLite database is busy (SQLITE_PROTOCOL)");
+        else {
+            static bool warned = false;
+            if (!warned) {
+                printMsg(lvlError, "warning: SQLite database is busy");
+                warned = true;
+            }
+        }
+        /* Sleep for a while since retrying the transaction right away
+           is likely to fail again. */
+#if HAVE_NANOSLEEP
+        struct timespec t;
+        t.tv_sec = 0;
+        t.tv_nsec = (random() % 100) * 1000 * 1000; /* <= 0.1s */
+        nanosleep(&t, 0);
+#else
+        sleep(1);
+#endif
+        throw SQLiteBusy(format("%1%: %2%") % f.str() % sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    }
+    else
+        throw SQLiteError(format("%1%: %2%") % f.str() % sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+}
+
+
+/* Convenience macros for retrying a SQLite transaction. */
+#define retry_sqlite while (1) { try {
+#define end_retry_sqlite break; } catch (SQLiteBusy & e) { } }
+
+
+SQLite::~SQLite()
+{
+    try {
+        if (db && sqlite3_close(db) != SQLITE_OK)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "closing database");
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void SQLiteStmt::create(sqlite3 * db, const string & s)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+    assert(!stmt);
+    if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, s.c_str(), -1, &stmt, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "creating statement");
+    this->db = db;
+}
+
+
+void SQLiteStmt::reset()
+{
+    assert(stmt);
+    /* Note: sqlite3_reset() returns the error code for the most
+       recent call to sqlite3_step().  So ignore it. */
+    sqlite3_reset(stmt);
+    curArg = 1;
+}
+
+
+SQLiteStmt::~SQLiteStmt()
+{
+    try {
+        if (stmt && sqlite3_finalize(stmt) != SQLITE_OK)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "finalizing statement");
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void SQLiteStmt::bind(const string & value)
+{
+    if (sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, curArg++, value.c_str(), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "binding argument");
+}
+
+
+void SQLiteStmt::bind(int value)
+{
+    if (sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, curArg++, value) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "binding argument");
+}
+
+
+void SQLiteStmt::bind64(long long value)
+{
+    if (sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, curArg++, value) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "binding argument");
+}
+
+
+void SQLiteStmt::bind()
+{
+    if (sqlite3_bind_null(stmt, curArg++) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "binding argument");
+}
+
+
+/* Helper class to ensure that prepared statements are reset when
+   leaving the scope that uses them.  Unfinished prepared statements
+   prevent transactions from being aborted, and can cause locks to be
+   kept when they should be released. */
+struct SQLiteStmtUse
+{
+    SQLiteStmt & stmt;
+    SQLiteStmtUse(SQLiteStmt & stmt) : stmt(stmt)
+    {
+        stmt.reset();
+    }
+    ~SQLiteStmtUse()
+    {
+        try {
+            stmt.reset();
+        } catch (...) {
+            ignoreException();
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+
+struct SQLiteTxn
+{
+    bool active;
+    sqlite3 * db;
+
+    SQLiteTxn(sqlite3 * db) : active(false) {
+        this->db = db;
+        if (sqlite3_exec(db, "begin;", 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "starting transaction");
+        active = true;
+    }
+
+    void commit()
+    {
+        if (sqlite3_exec(db, "commit;", 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "committing transaction");
+        active = false;
+    }
+
+    ~SQLiteTxn()
+    {
+        try {
+            if (active && sqlite3_exec(db, "rollback;", 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+                throwSQLiteError(db, "aborting transaction");
+        } catch (...) {
+            ignoreException();
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+
+void checkStoreNotSymlink()
+{
+    if (getEnv("NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE") == "1") return;
+    Path path = settings.nixStore;
+    struct stat st;
+    while (path != "/") {
+        if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+            throw SysError(format("getting status of `%1%'") % path);
+        if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+            throw Error(format(
+                "the path `%1%' is a symlink; "
+                "this is not allowed for the Nix store and its parent directories")
+                % path);
+        path = dirOf(path);
+    }
+}
+
+
+LocalStore::LocalStore(bool reserveSpace)
+    : didSetSubstituterEnv(false)
+{
+    schemaPath = settings.nixDBPath + "/schema";
+
+    if (settings.readOnlyMode) {
+        openDB(false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Create missing state directories if they don't already exist. */
+    createDirs(settings.nixStore);
+    makeStoreWritable();
+    createDirs(linksDir = settings.nixStore + "/.links");
+    Path profilesDir = settings.nixStateDir + "/profiles";
+    createDirs(settings.nixStateDir + "/profiles");
+    createDirs(settings.nixStateDir + "/temproots");
+    createDirs(settings.nixDBPath);
+    Path gcRootsDir = settings.nixStateDir + "/gcroots";
+    if (!pathExists(gcRootsDir)) {
+        createDirs(gcRootsDir);
+        createSymlink(profilesDir, gcRootsDir + "/profiles");
+    }
+
+    checkStoreNotSymlink();
+
+    /* We can't open a SQLite database if the disk is full.  Since
+       this prevents the garbage collector from running when it's most
+       needed, we reserve some dummy space that we can free just
+       before doing a garbage collection. */
+    try {
+        Path reservedPath = settings.nixDBPath + "/reserved";
+        if (reserveSpace) {
+            struct stat st;
+            if (stat(reservedPath.c_str(), &st) == -1 ||
+                st.st_size != settings.reservedSize)
+                writeFile(reservedPath, string(settings.reservedSize, 'X'));
+        }
+        else
+            deletePath(reservedPath);
+    } catch (SysError & e) { /* don't care about errors */
+    }
+
+    /* Acquire the big fat lock in shared mode to make sure that no
+       schema upgrade is in progress. */
+    try {
+        Path globalLockPath = settings.nixDBPath + "/big-lock";
+        globalLock = openLockFile(globalLockPath.c_str(), true);
+    } catch (SysError & e) {
+        if (e.errNo != EACCES) throw;
+        settings.readOnlyMode = true;
+        openDB(false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!lockFile(globalLock, ltRead, false)) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, "waiting for the big Nix store lock...");
+        lockFile(globalLock, ltRead, true);
+    }
+
+    /* Check the current database schema and if necessary do an
+       upgrade.  */
+    int curSchema = getSchema();
+    if (curSchema > nixSchemaVersion)
+        throw Error(format("current Nix store schema is version %1%, but I only support %2%")
+            % curSchema % nixSchemaVersion);
+
+    else if (curSchema == 0) { /* new store */
+        curSchema = nixSchemaVersion;
+        openDB(true);
+        writeFile(schemaPath, (format("%1%") % nixSchemaVersion).str());
+    }
+
+    else if (curSchema < nixSchemaVersion) {
+        if (curSchema < 5)
+            throw Error(
+                "Your Nix store has a database in Berkeley DB format,\n"
+                "which is no longer supported. To convert to the new format,\n"
+                "please upgrade Nix to version 0.12 first.");
+
+        if (!lockFile(globalLock, ltWrite, false)) {
+            printMsg(lvlError, "waiting for exclusive access to the Nix store...");
+            lockFile(globalLock, ltWrite, true);
+        }
+
+        /* Get the schema version again, because another process may
+           have performed the upgrade already. */
+        curSchema = getSchema();
+
+        if (curSchema < 6) upgradeStore6();
+        else if (curSchema < 7) { upgradeStore7(); openDB(true); }
+
+        writeFile(schemaPath, (format("%1%") % nixSchemaVersion).str());
+
+        lockFile(globalLock, ltRead, true);
+    }
+
+    else openDB(false);
+}
+
+
+LocalStore::~LocalStore()
+{
+    try {
+        foreach (RunningSubstituters::iterator, i, runningSubstituters) {
+            if (i->second.disabled) continue;
+            i->second.to.close();
+            i->second.from.close();
+            i->second.error.close();
+            i->second.pid.wait(true);
+        }
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+int LocalStore::getSchema()
+{
+    int curSchema = 0;
+    if (pathExists(schemaPath)) {
+        string s = readFile(schemaPath);
+        if (!string2Int(s, curSchema))
+            throw Error(format("`%1%' is corrupt") % schemaPath);
+    }
+    return curSchema;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::openDB(bool create)
+{
+    if (access(settings.nixDBPath.c_str(), R_OK | W_OK))
+        throw SysError(format("Nix database directory `%1%' is not writable") % settings.nixDBPath);
+
+    /* Open the Nix database. */
+    string dbPath = settings.nixDBPath + "/db.sqlite";
+    if (sqlite3_open_v2(dbPath.c_str(), &db.db,
+            SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | (create ? SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE : 0), 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throw Error(format("cannot open Nix database `%1%'") % dbPath);
+
+    if (sqlite3_busy_timeout(db, 60 * 60 * 1000) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "setting timeout");
+
+    if (sqlite3_exec(db, "pragma foreign_keys = 1;", 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "enabling foreign keys");
+
+    /* !!! check whether sqlite has been built with foreign key
+       support */
+
+    /* Whether SQLite should fsync().  "Normal" synchronous mode
+       should be safe enough.  If the user asks for it, don't sync at
+       all.  This can cause database corruption if the system
+       crashes. */
+    string syncMode = settings.fsyncMetadata ? "normal" : "off";
+    if (sqlite3_exec(db, ("pragma synchronous = " + syncMode + ";").c_str(), 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "setting synchronous mode");
+
+    /* Set the SQLite journal mode.  WAL mode is fastest, so it's the
+       default. */
+    string mode = settings.useSQLiteWAL ? "wal" : "truncate";
+    string prevMode;
+    {
+        SQLiteStmt stmt;
+        stmt.create(db, "pragma main.journal_mode;");
+        if (sqlite3_step(stmt) != SQLITE_ROW)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "querying journal mode");
+        prevMode = string((const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0));
+    }
+    if (prevMode != mode &&
+        sqlite3_exec(db, ("pragma main.journal_mode = " + mode + ";").c_str(), 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "setting journal mode");
+
+    /* Increase the auto-checkpoint interval to 40000 pages.  This
+       seems enough to ensure that instantiating the NixOS system
+       derivation is done in a single fsync(). */
+    if (mode == "wal" && sqlite3_exec(db, "pragma wal_autocheckpoint = 40000;", 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "setting autocheckpoint interval");
+
+    /* Initialise the database schema, if necessary. */
+    if (create) {
+        const char * schema =
+#include "schema.sql.hh"
+            ;
+        if (sqlite3_exec(db, (const char *) schema, 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "initialising database schema");
+    }
+
+    /* Prepare SQL statements. */
+    stmtRegisterValidPath.create(db,
+        "insert into ValidPaths (path, hash, registrationTime, deriver, narSize) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?);");
+    stmtUpdatePathInfo.create(db,
+        "update ValidPaths set narSize = ?, hash = ? where path = ?;");
+    stmtAddReference.create(db,
+        "insert or replace into Refs (referrer, reference) values (?, ?);");
+    stmtQueryPathInfo.create(db,
+        "select id, hash, registrationTime, deriver, narSize from ValidPaths where path = ?;");
+    stmtQueryReferences.create(db,
+        "select path from Refs join ValidPaths on reference = id where referrer = ?;");
+    stmtQueryReferrers.create(db,
+        "select path from Refs join ValidPaths on referrer = id where reference = (select id from ValidPaths where path = ?);");
+    stmtInvalidatePath.create(db,
+        "delete from ValidPaths where path = ?;");
+    stmtRegisterFailedPath.create(db,
+        "insert or ignore into FailedPaths (path, time) values (?, ?);");
+    stmtHasPathFailed.create(db,
+        "select time from FailedPaths where path = ?;");
+    stmtQueryFailedPaths.create(db,
+        "select path from FailedPaths;");
+    // If the path is a derivation, then clear its outputs.
+    stmtClearFailedPath.create(db,
+        "delete from FailedPaths where ?1 = '*' or path = ?1 "
+        "or path in (select d.path from DerivationOutputs d join ValidPaths v on d.drv = v.id where v.path = ?1);");
+    stmtAddDerivationOutput.create(db,
+        "insert or replace into DerivationOutputs (drv, id, path) values (?, ?, ?);");
+    stmtQueryValidDerivers.create(db,
+        "select v.id, v.path from DerivationOutputs d join ValidPaths v on d.drv = v.id where d.path = ?;");
+    stmtQueryDerivationOutputs.create(db,
+        "select id, path from DerivationOutputs where drv = ?;");
+    // Use "path >= ?" with limit 1 rather than "path like '?%'" to
+    // ensure efficient lookup.
+    stmtQueryPathFromHashPart.create(db,
+        "select path from ValidPaths where path >= ? limit 1;");
+}
+
+
+/* To improve purity, users may want to make the Nix store a read-only
+   bind mount.  So make the Nix store writable for this process. */
+void LocalStore::makeStoreWritable()
+{
+#if HAVE_UNSHARE && HAVE_STATVFS && HAVE_SYS_MOUNT_H && defined(MS_BIND) && defined(MS_REMOUNT)
+    if (getuid() != 0) return;
+    /* Check if /nix/store is on a read-only mount. */
+    struct statvfs stat;
+    if (statvfs(settings.nixStore.c_str(), &stat) != 0)
+        throw SysError("getting info about the Nix store mount point");
+
+    if (stat.f_flag & ST_RDONLY) {
+        if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1)
+            throw SysError("setting up a private mount namespace");
+
+        if (mount(0, settings.nixStore.c_str(), 0, MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("remounting %1% writable") % settings.nixStore);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+const time_t mtimeStore = 1; /* 1 second into the epoch */
+
+
+static void canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(const Path & path, const struct stat & st)
+{
+    if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+
+        /* Mask out all type related bits. */
+        mode_t mode = st.st_mode & ~S_IFMT;
+
+        if (mode != 0444 && mode != 0555) {
+            mode = (st.st_mode & S_IFMT)
+                 | 0444
+                 | (st.st_mode & S_IXUSR ? 0111 : 0);
+            if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode) == -1)
+                throw SysError(format("changing mode of `%1%' to %2$o") % path % mode);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    if (st.st_mtime != mtimeStore) {
+        struct timeval times[2];
+        times[0].tv_sec = st.st_atime;
+        times[0].tv_usec = 0;
+        times[1].tv_sec = mtimeStore;
+        times[1].tv_usec = 0;
+#if HAVE_LUTIMES
+        if (lutimes(path.c_str(), times) == -1)
+            if (errno != ENOSYS ||
+                (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && utimes(path.c_str(), times) == -1))
+#else
+        if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && utimes(path.c_str(), times) == -1)
+#endif
+            throw SysError(format("changing modification time of `%1%'") % path);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(const Path & path)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % path);
+    canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(path, st);
+}
+
+
+static void canonicalisePathMetaData_(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid, InodesSeen & inodesSeen)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % path);
+
+    /* Really make sure that the path is of a supported type.  This
+       has already been checked in dumpPath(). */
+    assert(S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode));
+
+    /* Fail if the file is not owned by the build user.  This prevents
+       us from messing up the ownership/permissions of files
+       hard-linked into the output (e.g. "ln /etc/shadow $out/foo").
+       However, ignore files that we chown'ed ourselves previously to
+       ensure that we don't fail on hard links within the same build
+       (i.e. "touch $out/foo; ln $out/foo $out/bar"). */
+    if (fromUid != (uid_t) -1 && st.st_uid != fromUid) {
+        assert(!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode));
+        if (inodesSeen.find(Inode(st.st_dev, st.st_ino)) == inodesSeen.end())
+            throw BuildError(format("invalid ownership on file `%1%'") % path);
+        mode_t mode = st.st_mode & ~S_IFMT;
+        assert(S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) || (st.st_uid == geteuid() && (mode == 0444 || mode == 0555) && st.st_mtime == mtimeStore));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    inodesSeen.insert(Inode(st.st_dev, st.st_ino));
+
+    canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(path, st);
+
+    /* Change ownership to the current uid.  If it's a symlink, use
+       lchown if available, otherwise don't bother.  Wrong ownership
+       of a symlink doesn't matter, since the owning user can't change
+       the symlink and can't delete it because the directory is not
+       writable.  The only exception is top-level paths in the Nix
+       store (since that directory is group-writable for the Nix build
+       users group); we check for this case below. */
+    if (st.st_uid != geteuid()) {
+#if HAVE_LCHOWN
+        if (lchown(path.c_str(), geteuid(), (gid_t) -1) == -1)
+#else
+        if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) &&
+            chown(path.c_str(), geteuid(), (gid_t) -1) == -1)
+#endif
+            throw SysError(format("changing owner of `%1%' to %2%")
+                % path % geteuid());
+    }
+
+    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+        Strings names = readDirectory(path);
+        foreach (Strings::iterator, i, names)
+            canonicalisePathMetaData_(path + "/" + *i, fromUid, inodesSeen);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void canonicalisePathMetaData(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid, InodesSeen & inodesSeen)
+{
+    canonicalisePathMetaData_(path, fromUid, inodesSeen);
+
+    /* On platforms that don't have lchown(), the top-level path can't
+       be a symlink, since we can't change its ownership. */
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % path);
+
+    if (st.st_uid != geteuid()) {
+        assert(S_ISLNK(st.st_mode));
+        throw Error(format("wrong ownership of top-level store path `%1%'") % path);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void canonicalisePathMetaData(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid)
+{
+    InodesSeen inodesSeen;
+    canonicalisePathMetaData(path, fromUid, inodesSeen);
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::checkDerivationOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const Derivation & drv)
+{
+    string drvName = storePathToName(drvPath);
+    assert(isDerivation(drvName));
+    drvName = string(drvName, 0, drvName.size() - drvExtension.size());
+
+    if (isFixedOutputDrv(drv)) {
+        DerivationOutputs::const_iterator out = drv.outputs.find("out");
+        if (out == drv.outputs.end())
+            throw Error(format("derivation `%1%' does not have an output named `out'") % drvPath);
+
+        bool recursive; HashType ht; Hash h;
+        out->second.parseHashInfo(recursive, ht, h);
+        Path outPath = makeFixedOutputPath(recursive, ht, h, drvName);
+
+        StringPairs::const_iterator j = drv.env.find("out");
+        if (out->second.path != outPath || j == drv.env.end() || j->second != outPath)
+            throw Error(format("derivation `%1%' has incorrect output `%2%', should be `%3%'")
+                % drvPath % out->second.path % outPath);
+    }
+
+    else {
+        Derivation drvCopy(drv);
+        foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drvCopy.outputs) {
+            i->second.path = "";
+            drvCopy.env[i->first] = "";
+        }
+
+        Hash h = hashDerivationModulo(*this, drvCopy);
+
+        foreach (DerivationOutputs::const_iterator, i, drv.outputs) {
+            Path outPath = makeOutputPath(i->first, h, drvName);
+            StringPairs::const_iterator j = drv.env.find(i->first);
+            if (i->second.path != outPath || j == drv.env.end() || j->second != outPath)
+                throw Error(format("derivation `%1%' has incorrect output `%2%', should be `%3%'")
+                    % drvPath % i->second.path % outPath);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+unsigned long long LocalStore::addValidPath(const ValidPathInfo & info, bool checkOutputs)
+{
+    SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtRegisterValidPath);
+    stmtRegisterValidPath.bind(info.path);
+    stmtRegisterValidPath.bind("sha256:" + printHash(info.hash));
+    stmtRegisterValidPath.bind(info.registrationTime == 0 ? time(0) : info.registrationTime);
+    if (info.deriver != "")
+        stmtRegisterValidPath.bind(info.deriver);
+    else
+        stmtRegisterValidPath.bind(); // null
+    if (info.narSize != 0)
+        stmtRegisterValidPath.bind64(info.narSize);
+    else
+        stmtRegisterValidPath.bind(); // null
+    if (sqlite3_step(stmtRegisterValidPath) != SQLITE_DONE)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, format("registering valid path `%1%' in database") % info.path);
+    unsigned long long id = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(db);
+
+    /* If this is a derivation, then store the derivation outputs in
+       the database.  This is useful for the garbage collector: it can
+       efficiently query whether a path is an output of some
+       derivation. */
+    if (isDerivation(info.path)) {
+        Derivation drv = parseDerivation(readFile(info.path));
+
+        /* Verify that the output paths in the derivation are correct
+           (i.e., follow the scheme for computing output paths from
+           derivations).  Note that if this throws an error, then the
+           DB transaction is rolled back, so the path validity
+           registration above is undone. */
+        if (checkOutputs) checkDerivationOutputs(info.path, drv);
+
+        foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, i, drv.outputs) {
+            SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtAddDerivationOutput);
+            stmtAddDerivationOutput.bind(id);
+            stmtAddDerivationOutput.bind(i->first);
+            stmtAddDerivationOutput.bind(i->second.path);
+            if (sqlite3_step(stmtAddDerivationOutput) != SQLITE_DONE)
+                throwSQLiteError(db, format("adding derivation output for `%1%' in database") % info.path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return id;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::addReference(unsigned long long referrer, unsigned long long reference)
+{
+    SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtAddReference);
+    stmtAddReference.bind(referrer);
+    stmtAddReference.bind(reference);
+    if (sqlite3_step(stmtAddReference) != SQLITE_DONE)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "adding reference to database");
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::registerFailedPath(const Path & path)
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtRegisterFailedPath);
+        stmtRegisterFailedPath.bind(path);
+        stmtRegisterFailedPath.bind(time(0));
+        if (sqlite3_step(stmtRegisterFailedPath) != SQLITE_DONE)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, format("registering failed path `%1%'") % path);
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+bool LocalStore::hasPathFailed(const Path & path)
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtHasPathFailed);
+        stmtHasPathFailed.bind(path);
+        int res = sqlite3_step(stmtHasPathFailed);
+        if (res != SQLITE_DONE && res != SQLITE_ROW)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "querying whether path failed");
+        return res == SQLITE_ROW;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+PathSet LocalStore::queryFailedPaths()
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryFailedPaths);
+
+        PathSet res;
+        int r;
+        while ((r = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryFailedPaths)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+            const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryFailedPaths, 0);
+            assert(s);
+            res.insert(s);
+        }
+
+        if (r != SQLITE_DONE)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "error querying failed paths");
+
+        return res;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::clearFailedPaths(const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteTxn txn(db);
+
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths) {
+            SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtClearFailedPath);
+            stmtClearFailedPath.bind(*i);
+            if (sqlite3_step(stmtClearFailedPath) != SQLITE_DONE)
+                throwSQLiteError(db, format("clearing failed path `%1%' in database") % *i);
+        }
+
+        txn.commit();
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+Hash parseHashField(const Path & path, const string & s)
+{
+    string::size_type colon = s.find(':');
+    if (colon == string::npos)
+        throw Error(format("corrupt hash `%1%' in valid-path entry for `%2%'")
+            % s % path);
+    HashType ht = parseHashType(string(s, 0, colon));
+    if (ht == htUnknown)
+        throw Error(format("unknown hash type `%1%' in valid-path entry for `%2%'")
+            % string(s, 0, colon) % path);
+    return parseHash(ht, string(s, colon + 1));
+}
+
+
+ValidPathInfo LocalStore::queryPathInfo(const Path & path)
+{
+    ValidPathInfo info;
+    info.path = path;
+
+    assertStorePath(path);
+
+    retry_sqlite {
+
+        /* Get the path info. */
+        SQLiteStmtUse use1(stmtQueryPathInfo);
+
+        stmtQueryPathInfo.bind(path);
+
+        int r = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryPathInfo);
+        if (r == SQLITE_DONE) throw Error(format("path `%1%' is not valid") % path);
+        if (r != SQLITE_ROW) throwSQLiteError(db, "querying path in database");
+
+        info.id = sqlite3_column_int(stmtQueryPathInfo, 0);
+
+        const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryPathInfo, 1);
+        assert(s);
+        info.hash = parseHashField(path, s);
+
+        info.registrationTime = sqlite3_column_int(stmtQueryPathInfo, 2);
+
+        s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryPathInfo, 3);
+        if (s) info.deriver = s;
+
+        /* Note that narSize = NULL yields 0. */
+        info.narSize = sqlite3_column_int64(stmtQueryPathInfo, 4);
+
+        /* Get the references. */
+        SQLiteStmtUse use2(stmtQueryReferences);
+
+        stmtQueryReferences.bind(info.id);
+
+        while ((r = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryReferences)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+            s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryReferences, 0);
+            assert(s);
+            info.references.insert(s);
+        }
+
+        if (r != SQLITE_DONE)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, format("error getting references of `%1%'") % path);
+
+        return info;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+/* Update path info in the database.  Currently only updates the
+   narSize field. */
+void LocalStore::updatePathInfo(const ValidPathInfo & info)
+{
+    SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtUpdatePathInfo);
+    if (info.narSize != 0)
+        stmtUpdatePathInfo.bind64(info.narSize);
+    else
+        stmtUpdatePathInfo.bind(); // null
+    stmtUpdatePathInfo.bind("sha256:" + printHash(info.hash));
+    stmtUpdatePathInfo.bind(info.path);
+    if (sqlite3_step(stmtUpdatePathInfo) != SQLITE_DONE)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, format("updating info of path `%1%' in database") % info.path);
+}
+
+
+unsigned long long LocalStore::queryValidPathId(const Path & path)
+{
+    SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryPathInfo);
+    stmtQueryPathInfo.bind(path);
+    int res = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryPathInfo);
+    if (res == SQLITE_ROW) return sqlite3_column_int(stmtQueryPathInfo, 0);
+    if (res == SQLITE_DONE) throw Error(format("path `%1%' is not valid") % path);
+    throwSQLiteError(db, "querying path in database");
+}
+
+
+bool LocalStore::isValidPath_(const Path & path)
+{
+    SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryPathInfo);
+    stmtQueryPathInfo.bind(path);
+    int res = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryPathInfo);
+    if (res != SQLITE_DONE && res != SQLITE_ROW)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "querying path in database");
+    return res == SQLITE_ROW;
+}
+
+
+bool LocalStore::isValidPath(const Path & path)
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        return isValidPath_(path);
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+PathSet LocalStore::queryValidPaths(const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        PathSet res;
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths)
+            if (isValidPath_(*i)) res.insert(*i);
+        return res;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+PathSet LocalStore::queryAllValidPaths()
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmt stmt;
+        stmt.create(db, "select path from ValidPaths");
+
+        PathSet res;
+        int r;
+        while ((r = sqlite3_step(stmt)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+            const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0);
+            assert(s);
+            res.insert(s);
+        }
+
+        if (r != SQLITE_DONE)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, "error getting valid paths");
+
+        return res;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::queryReferences(const Path & path,
+    PathSet & references)
+{
+    ValidPathInfo info = queryPathInfo(path);
+    references.insert(info.references.begin(), info.references.end());
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::queryReferrers_(const Path & path, PathSet & referrers)
+{
+    SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryReferrers);
+
+    stmtQueryReferrers.bind(path);
+
+    int r;
+    while ((r = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryReferrers)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+        const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryReferrers, 0);
+        assert(s);
+        referrers.insert(s);
+    }
+
+    if (r != SQLITE_DONE)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, format("error getting references of `%1%'") % path);
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::queryReferrers(const Path & path, PathSet & referrers)
+{
+    assertStorePath(path);
+    retry_sqlite {
+        queryReferrers_(path, referrers);
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+Path LocalStore::queryDeriver(const Path & path)
+{
+    return queryPathInfo(path).deriver;
+}
+
+
+PathSet LocalStore::queryValidDerivers(const Path & path)
+{
+    assertStorePath(path);
+
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryValidDerivers);
+        stmtQueryValidDerivers.bind(path);
+
+        PathSet derivers;
+        int r;
+        while ((r = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryValidDerivers)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+            const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryValidDerivers, 1);
+            assert(s);
+            derivers.insert(s);
+        }
+
+        if (r != SQLITE_DONE)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, format("error getting valid derivers of `%1%'") % path);
+
+        return derivers;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+PathSet LocalStore::queryDerivationOutputs(const Path & path)
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryDerivationOutputs);
+        stmtQueryDerivationOutputs.bind(queryValidPathId(path));
+
+        PathSet outputs;
+        int r;
+        while ((r = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryDerivationOutputs)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+            const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryDerivationOutputs, 1);
+            assert(s);
+            outputs.insert(s);
+        }
+
+        if (r != SQLITE_DONE)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, format("error getting outputs of `%1%'") % path);
+
+        return outputs;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+StringSet LocalStore::queryDerivationOutputNames(const Path & path)
+{
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryDerivationOutputs);
+        stmtQueryDerivationOutputs.bind(queryValidPathId(path));
+
+        StringSet outputNames;
+        int r;
+        while ((r = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryDerivationOutputs)) == SQLITE_ROW) {
+            const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryDerivationOutputs, 0);
+            assert(s);
+            outputNames.insert(s);
+        }
+
+        if (r != SQLITE_DONE)
+            throwSQLiteError(db, format("error getting output names of `%1%'") % path);
+
+        return outputNames;
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+Path LocalStore::queryPathFromHashPart(const string & hashPart)
+{
+    if (hashPart.size() != 32) throw Error("invalid hash part");
+
+    Path prefix = settings.nixStore + "/" + hashPart;
+
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtQueryPathFromHashPart);
+        stmtQueryPathFromHashPart.bind(prefix);
+
+        int res = sqlite3_step(stmtQueryPathFromHashPart);
+        if (res == SQLITE_DONE) return "";
+        if (res != SQLITE_ROW) throwSQLiteError(db, "finding path in database");
+
+        const char * s = (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(stmtQueryPathFromHashPart, 0);
+        return s && prefix.compare(0, prefix.size(), s, prefix.size()) == 0 ? s : "";
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::setSubstituterEnv()
+{
+    if (didSetSubstituterEnv) return;
+
+    /* Pass configuration options (including those overridden with
+       --option) to substituters. */
+    setenv("_NIX_OPTIONS", settings.pack().c_str(), 1);
+
+    didSetSubstituterEnv = true;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::startSubstituter(const Path & substituter, RunningSubstituter & run)
+{
+    if (run.disabled || run.pid != -1) return;
+
+    debug(format("starting substituter program `%1%'") % substituter);
+
+    Pipe toPipe, fromPipe, errorPipe;
+
+    toPipe.create();
+    fromPipe.create();
+    errorPipe.create();
+
+    setSubstituterEnv();
+
+    run.pid = maybeVfork();
+
+    switch (run.pid) {
+
+    case -1:
+        throw SysError("unable to fork");
+
+    case 0: /* child */
+        try {
+            restoreAffinity();
+            if (dup2(toPipe.readSide, STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
+                throw SysError("dupping stdin");
+            if (dup2(fromPipe.writeSide, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
+                throw SysError("dupping stdout");
+            if (dup2(errorPipe.writeSide, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
+                throw SysError("dupping stderr");
+            execl(substituter.c_str(), substituter.c_str(), "--query", NULL);
+            throw SysError(format("executing `%1%'") % substituter);
+        } catch (std::exception & e) {
+            std::cerr << "error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+        }
+        _exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* Parent. */
+
+    run.program = baseNameOf(substituter);
+    run.to = toPipe.writeSide.borrow();
+    run.from = run.fromBuf.fd = fromPipe.readSide.borrow();
+    run.error = errorPipe.readSide.borrow();
+
+    toPipe.readSide.close();
+    fromPipe.writeSide.close();
+    errorPipe.writeSide.close();
+
+    /* The substituter may exit right away if it's disabled in any way
+       (e.g. copy-from-other-stores.pl will exit if no other stores
+       are configured). */
+    try {
+        getLineFromSubstituter(run);
+    } catch (EndOfFile & e) {
+        run.to.close();
+        run.from.close();
+        run.error.close();
+        run.disabled = true;
+        if (run.pid.wait(true) != 0) throw;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* Read a line from the substituter's stdout, while also processing
+   its stderr. */
+string LocalStore::getLineFromSubstituter(RunningSubstituter & run)
+{
+    string res, err;
+
+    /* We might have stdout data left over from the last time. */
+    if (run.fromBuf.hasData()) goto haveData;
+
+    while (1) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+
+        fd_set fds;
+        FD_ZERO(&fds);
+        FD_SET(run.from, &fds);
+        FD_SET(run.error, &fds);
+
+        /* Wait for data to appear on the substituter's stdout or
+           stderr. */
+        if (select(run.from > run.error ? run.from + 1 : run.error + 1, &fds, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) continue;
+            throw SysError("waiting for input from the substituter");
+        }
+
+        /* Completely drain stderr before dealing with stdout. */
+        if (FD_ISSET(run.error, &fds)) {
+            char buf[4096];
+            ssize_t n = read(run.error, (unsigned char *) buf, sizeof(buf));
+            if (n == -1) {
+                if (errno == EINTR) continue;
+                throw SysError("reading from substituter's stderr");
+            }
+            if (n == 0) throw EndOfFile(format("substituter `%1%' died unexpectedly") % run.program);
+            err.append(buf, n);
+            string::size_type p;
+            while ((p = err.find('\n')) != string::npos) {
+                printMsg(lvlError, run.program + ": " + string(err, 0, p));
+                err = string(err, p + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Read from stdout until we get a newline or the buffer is empty. */
+        else if (run.fromBuf.hasData() || FD_ISSET(run.from, &fds)) {
+        haveData:
+            do {
+                unsigned char c;
+                run.fromBuf(&c, 1);
+                if (c == '\n') {
+                    if (!err.empty()) printMsg(lvlError, run.program + ": " + err);
+                    return res;
+                }
+                res += c;
+            } while (run.fromBuf.hasData());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<class T> T LocalStore::getIntLineFromSubstituter(RunningSubstituter & run)
+{
+    string s = getLineFromSubstituter(run);
+    T res;
+    if (!string2Int(s, res)) throw Error("integer expected from stream");
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+PathSet LocalStore::querySubstitutablePaths(const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    PathSet res;
+    foreach (Paths::iterator, i, settings.substituters) {
+        if (res.size() == paths.size()) break;
+        RunningSubstituter & run(runningSubstituters[*i]);
+        startSubstituter(*i, run);
+        if (run.disabled) continue;
+        string s = "have ";
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, j, paths)
+            if (res.find(*j) == res.end()) { s += *j; s += " "; }
+        writeLine(run.to, s);
+        while (true) {
+            /* FIXME: we only read stderr when an error occurs, so
+               substituters should only write (short) messages to
+               stderr when they fail.  I.e. they shouldn't write debug
+               output. */
+            Path path = getLineFromSubstituter(run);
+            if (path == "") break;
+            res.insert(path);
+        }
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::querySubstitutablePathInfos(const Path & substituter,
+    PathSet & paths, SubstitutablePathInfos & infos)
+{
+    RunningSubstituter & run(runningSubstituters[substituter]);
+    startSubstituter(substituter, run);
+    if (run.disabled) return;
+
+    string s = "info ";
+    foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths)
+        if (infos.find(*i) == infos.end()) { s += *i; s += " "; }
+    writeLine(run.to, s);
+
+    while (true) {
+        Path path = getLineFromSubstituter(run);
+        if (path == "") break;
+        if (paths.find(path) == paths.end())
+            throw Error(format("got unexpected path `%1%' from substituter") % path);
+        paths.erase(path);
+        SubstitutablePathInfo & info(infos[path]);
+        info.deriver = getLineFromSubstituter(run);
+        if (info.deriver != "") assertStorePath(info.deriver);
+        int nrRefs = getIntLineFromSubstituter<int>(run);
+        while (nrRefs--) {
+            Path p = getLineFromSubstituter(run);
+            assertStorePath(p);
+            info.references.insert(p);
+        }
+        info.downloadSize = getIntLineFromSubstituter<long long>(run);
+        info.narSize = getIntLineFromSubstituter<long long>(run);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::querySubstitutablePathInfos(const PathSet & paths,
+    SubstitutablePathInfos & infos)
+{
+    PathSet todo = paths;
+    foreach (Paths::iterator, i, settings.substituters) {
+        if (todo.empty()) break;
+        querySubstitutablePathInfos(*i, todo, infos);
+    }
+}
+
+
+Hash LocalStore::queryPathHash(const Path & path)
+{
+    return queryPathInfo(path).hash;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::registerValidPath(const ValidPathInfo & info)
+{
+    ValidPathInfos infos;
+    infos.push_back(info);
+    registerValidPaths(infos);
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::registerValidPaths(const ValidPathInfos & infos)
+{
+    /* SQLite will fsync by default, but the new valid paths may not be fsync-ed.
+     * So some may want to fsync them before registering the validity, at the
+     * expense of some speed of the path registering operation. */
+    if (settings.syncBeforeRegistering) sync();
+
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteTxn txn(db);
+        PathSet paths;
+
+        foreach (ValidPathInfos::const_iterator, i, infos) {
+            assert(i->hash.type == htSHA256);
+            if (isValidPath_(i->path))
+                updatePathInfo(*i);
+            else
+                addValidPath(*i, false);
+            paths.insert(i->path);
+        }
+
+        foreach (ValidPathInfos::const_iterator, i, infos) {
+            unsigned long long referrer = queryValidPathId(i->path);
+            foreach (PathSet::iterator, j, i->references)
+                addReference(referrer, queryValidPathId(*j));
+        }
+
+        /* Check that the derivation outputs are correct.  We can't do
+           this in addValidPath() above, because the references might
+           not be valid yet. */
+        foreach (ValidPathInfos::const_iterator, i, infos)
+            if (isDerivation(i->path)) {
+                // FIXME: inefficient; we already loaded the
+                // derivation in addValidPath().
+                Derivation drv = parseDerivation(readFile(i->path));
+                checkDerivationOutputs(i->path, drv);
+            }
+
+        /* Do a topological sort of the paths.  This will throw an
+           error if a cycle is detected and roll back the
+           transaction.  Cycles can only occur when a derivation
+           has multiple outputs. */
+        topoSortPaths(*this, paths);
+
+        txn.commit();
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+/* Invalidate a path.  The caller is responsible for checking that
+   there are no referrers. */
+void LocalStore::invalidatePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    debug(format("invalidating path `%1%'") % path);
+
+    drvHashes.erase(path);
+
+    SQLiteStmtUse use(stmtInvalidatePath);
+
+    stmtInvalidatePath.bind(path);
+
+    if (sqlite3_step(stmtInvalidatePath) != SQLITE_DONE)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, format("invalidating path `%1%' in database") % path);
+
+    /* Note that the foreign key constraints on the Refs table take
+       care of deleting the references entries for `path'. */
+}
+
+
+Path LocalStore::addToStoreFromDump(const string & dump, const string & name,
+    bool recursive, HashType hashAlgo, bool repair)
+{
+    Hash h = hashString(hashAlgo, dump);
+
+    Path dstPath = makeFixedOutputPath(recursive, hashAlgo, h, name);
+
+    addTempRoot(dstPath);
+
+    if (repair || !isValidPath(dstPath)) {
+
+        /* The first check above is an optimisation to prevent
+           unnecessary lock acquisition. */
+
+        PathLocks outputLock(singleton<PathSet, Path>(dstPath));
+
+        if (repair || !isValidPath(dstPath)) {
+
+            if (pathExists(dstPath)) deletePath(dstPath);
+
+            if (recursive) {
+                StringSource source(dump);
+                restorePath(dstPath, source);
+            } else
+                writeFile(dstPath, dump);
+
+            canonicalisePathMetaData(dstPath, -1);
+
+            /* Register the SHA-256 hash of the NAR serialisation of
+               the path in the database.  We may just have computed it
+               above (if called with recursive == true and hashAlgo ==
+               sha256); otherwise, compute it here. */
+            HashResult hash;
+            if (recursive) {
+                hash.first = hashAlgo == htSHA256 ? h : hashString(htSHA256, dump);
+                hash.second = dump.size();
+            } else
+                hash = hashPath(htSHA256, dstPath);
+
+            optimisePath(dstPath); // FIXME: combine with hashPath()
+
+            ValidPathInfo info;
+            info.path = dstPath;
+            info.hash = hash.first;
+            info.narSize = hash.second;
+            registerValidPath(info);
+        }
+
+        outputLock.setDeletion(true);
+    }
+
+    return dstPath;
+}
+
+
+Path LocalStore::addToStore(const Path & _srcPath,
+    bool recursive, HashType hashAlgo, PathFilter & filter, bool repair)
+{
+    Path srcPath(absPath(_srcPath));
+    debug(format("adding `%1%' to the store") % srcPath);
+
+    /* Read the whole path into memory. This is not a very scalable
+       method for very large paths, but `copyPath' is mainly used for
+       small files. */
+    StringSink sink;
+    if (recursive)
+        dumpPath(srcPath, sink, filter);
+    else
+        sink.s = readFile(srcPath);
+
+    return addToStoreFromDump(sink.s, baseNameOf(srcPath), recursive, hashAlgo, repair);
+}
+
+
+Path LocalStore::addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
+    const PathSet & references, bool repair)
+{
+    Path dstPath = computeStorePathForText(name, s, references);
+
+    addTempRoot(dstPath);
+
+    if (repair || !isValidPath(dstPath)) {
+
+        PathLocks outputLock(singleton<PathSet, Path>(dstPath));
+
+        if (repair || !isValidPath(dstPath)) {
+
+            if (pathExists(dstPath)) deletePath(dstPath);
+
+            writeFile(dstPath, s);
+
+            canonicalisePathMetaData(dstPath, -1);
+
+            HashResult hash = hashPath(htSHA256, dstPath);
+
+            optimisePath(dstPath);
+
+            ValidPathInfo info;
+            info.path = dstPath;
+            info.hash = hash.first;
+            info.narSize = hash.second;
+            info.references = references;
+            registerValidPath(info);
+        }
+
+        outputLock.setDeletion(true);
+    }
+
+    return dstPath;
+}
+
+
+struct HashAndWriteSink : Sink
+{
+    Sink & writeSink;
+    HashSink hashSink;
+    HashAndWriteSink(Sink & writeSink) : writeSink(writeSink), hashSink(htSHA256)
+    {
+    }
+    virtual void operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+    {
+        writeSink(data, len);
+        hashSink(data, len);
+    }
+    Hash currentHash()
+    {
+        return hashSink.currentHash().first;
+    }
+};
+
+
+#define EXPORT_MAGIC 0x4558494e
+
+
+static void checkSecrecy(const Path & path)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    if (stat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting status of `%1%'") % path);
+    if ((st.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)) != 0)
+        throw Error(format("file `%1%' should be secret (inaccessible to everybody else)!") % path);
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::exportPath(const Path & path, bool sign,
+    Sink & sink)
+{
+    assertStorePath(path);
+
+    addTempRoot(path);
+    if (!isValidPath(path))
+        throw Error(format("path `%1%' is not valid") % path);
+
+    HashAndWriteSink hashAndWriteSink(sink);
+
+    dumpPath(path, hashAndWriteSink);
+
+    /* Refuse to export paths that have changed.  This prevents
+       filesystem corruption from spreading to other machines.
+       Don't complain if the stored hash is zero (unknown). */
+    Hash hash = hashAndWriteSink.currentHash();
+    Hash storedHash = queryPathHash(path);
+    if (hash != storedHash && storedHash != Hash(storedHash.type))
+        throw Error(format("hash of path `%1%' has changed from `%2%' to `%3%'!") % path
+            % printHash(storedHash) % printHash(hash));
+
+    writeInt(EXPORT_MAGIC, hashAndWriteSink);
+
+    writeString(path, hashAndWriteSink);
+
+    PathSet references;
+    queryReferences(path, references);
+    writeStrings(references, hashAndWriteSink);
+
+    Path deriver = queryDeriver(path);
+    writeString(deriver, hashAndWriteSink);
+
+    if (sign) {
+        Hash hash = hashAndWriteSink.currentHash();
+
+        writeInt(1, hashAndWriteSink);
+
+        Path tmpDir = createTempDir();
+        AutoDelete delTmp(tmpDir);
+        Path hashFile = tmpDir + "/hash";
+        writeFile(hashFile, printHash(hash));
+
+        Path secretKey = settings.nixConfDir + "/signing-key.sec";
+        checkSecrecy(secretKey);
+
+        Strings args;
+        args.push_back("rsautl");
+        args.push_back("-sign");
+        args.push_back("-inkey");
+        args.push_back(secretKey);
+        args.push_back("-in");
+        args.push_back(hashFile);
+        string signature = runProgram(OPENSSL_PATH, true, args);
+
+        writeString(signature, hashAndWriteSink);
+
+    } else
+        writeInt(0, hashAndWriteSink);
+}
+
+
+struct HashAndReadSource : Source
+{
+    Source & readSource;
+    HashSink hashSink;
+    bool hashing;
+    HashAndReadSource(Source & readSource) : readSource(readSource), hashSink(htSHA256)
+    {
+        hashing = true;
+    }
+    size_t read(unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+    {
+        size_t n = readSource.read(data, len);
+        if (hashing) hashSink(data, n);
+        return n;
+    }
+};
+
+
+/* Create a temporary directory in the store that won't be
+   garbage-collected. */
+Path LocalStore::createTempDirInStore()
+{
+    Path tmpDir;
+    do {
+        /* There is a slight possibility that `tmpDir' gets deleted by
+           the GC between createTempDir() and addTempRoot(), so repeat
+           until `tmpDir' exists. */
+        tmpDir = createTempDir(settings.nixStore);
+        addTempRoot(tmpDir);
+    } while (!pathExists(tmpDir));
+    return tmpDir;
+}
+
+
+Path LocalStore::importPath(bool requireSignature, Source & source)
+{
+    HashAndReadSource hashAndReadSource(source);
+
+    /* We don't yet know what store path this archive contains (the
+       store path follows the archive data proper), and besides, we
+       don't know yet whether the signature is valid. */
+    Path tmpDir = createTempDirInStore();
+    AutoDelete delTmp(tmpDir);
+    Path unpacked = tmpDir + "/unpacked";
+
+    restorePath(unpacked, hashAndReadSource);
+
+    unsigned int magic = readInt(hashAndReadSource);
+    if (magic != EXPORT_MAGIC)
+        throw Error("Nix archive cannot be imported; wrong format");
+
+    Path dstPath = readStorePath(hashAndReadSource);
+
+    printMsg(lvlInfo, format("importing path `%1%'") % dstPath);
+
+    PathSet references = readStorePaths<PathSet>(hashAndReadSource);
+
+    Path deriver = readString(hashAndReadSource);
+    if (deriver != "") assertStorePath(deriver);
+
+    Hash hash = hashAndReadSource.hashSink.finish().first;
+    hashAndReadSource.hashing = false;
+
+    bool haveSignature = readInt(hashAndReadSource) == 1;
+
+    if (requireSignature && !haveSignature)
+        throw Error(format("imported archive of `%1%' lacks a signature") % dstPath);
+
+    if (haveSignature) {
+        string signature = readString(hashAndReadSource);
+
+        if (requireSignature) {
+            Path sigFile = tmpDir + "/sig";
+            writeFile(sigFile, signature);
+
+            Strings args;
+            args.push_back("rsautl");
+            args.push_back("-verify");
+            args.push_back("-inkey");
+            args.push_back(settings.nixConfDir + "/signing-key.pub");
+            args.push_back("-pubin");
+            args.push_back("-in");
+            args.push_back(sigFile);
+            string hash2 = runProgram(OPENSSL_PATH, true, args);
+
+            /* Note: runProgram() throws an exception if the signature
+               is invalid. */
+
+            if (printHash(hash) != hash2)
+                throw Error(
+                    "signed hash doesn't match actual contents of imported "
+                    "archive; archive could be corrupt, or someone is trying "
+                    "to import a Trojan horse");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Do the actual import. */
+
+    /* !!! way too much code duplication with addTextToStore() etc. */
+    addTempRoot(dstPath);
+
+    if (!isValidPath(dstPath)) {
+
+        PathLocks outputLock;
+
+        /* Lock the output path.  But don't lock if we're being called
+           from a build hook (whose parent process already acquired a
+           lock on this path). */
+        Strings locksHeld = tokenizeString<Strings>(getEnv("NIX_HELD_LOCKS"));
+        if (find(locksHeld.begin(), locksHeld.end(), dstPath) == locksHeld.end())
+            outputLock.lockPaths(singleton<PathSet, Path>(dstPath));
+
+        if (!isValidPath(dstPath)) {
+
+            if (pathExists(dstPath)) deletePath(dstPath);
+
+            if (rename(unpacked.c_str(), dstPath.c_str()) == -1)
+                throw SysError(format("cannot move `%1%' to `%2%'")
+                    % unpacked % dstPath);
+
+            canonicalisePathMetaData(dstPath, -1);
+
+            /* !!! if we were clever, we could prevent the hashPath()
+               here. */
+            HashResult hash = hashPath(htSHA256, dstPath);
+
+            optimisePath(dstPath); // FIXME: combine with hashPath()
+
+            ValidPathInfo info;
+            info.path = dstPath;
+            info.hash = hash.first;
+            info.narSize = hash.second;
+            info.references = references;
+            info.deriver = deriver != "" && isValidPath(deriver) ? deriver : "";
+            registerValidPath(info);
+        }
+
+        outputLock.setDeletion(true);
+    }
+
+    return dstPath;
+}
+
+
+Paths LocalStore::importPaths(bool requireSignature, Source & source)
+{
+    Paths res;
+    while (true) {
+        unsigned long long n = readLongLong(source);
+        if (n == 0) break;
+        if (n != 1) throw Error("input doesn't look like something created by `nix-store --export'");
+        res.push_back(importPath(requireSignature, source));
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::invalidatePathChecked(const Path & path)
+{
+    assertStorePath(path);
+
+    retry_sqlite {
+        SQLiteTxn txn(db);
+
+        if (isValidPath_(path)) {
+            PathSet referrers; queryReferrers_(path, referrers);
+            referrers.erase(path); /* ignore self-references */
+            if (!referrers.empty())
+                throw PathInUse(format("cannot delete path `%1%' because it is in use by %2%")
+                    % path % showPaths(referrers));
+            invalidatePath(path);
+        }
+
+        txn.commit();
+    } end_retry_sqlite;
+}
+
+
+bool LocalStore::verifyStore(bool checkContents, bool repair)
+{
+    printMsg(lvlError, format("reading the Nix store..."));
+
+    bool errors = false;
+
+    /* Acquire the global GC lock to prevent a garbage collection. */
+    AutoCloseFD fdGCLock = openGCLock(ltWrite);
+
+    Paths entries = readDirectory(settings.nixStore);
+    PathSet store(entries.begin(), entries.end());
+
+    /* Check whether all valid paths actually exist. */
+    printMsg(lvlInfo, "checking path existence...");
+
+    PathSet validPaths2 = queryAllValidPaths(), validPaths, done;
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, validPaths2)
+        verifyPath(*i, store, done, validPaths, repair, errors);
+
+    /* Release the GC lock so that checking content hashes (which can
+       take ages) doesn't block the GC or builds. */
+    fdGCLock.close();
+
+    /* Optionally, check the content hashes (slow). */
+    if (checkContents) {
+        printMsg(lvlInfo, "checking hashes...");
+
+        Hash nullHash(htSHA256);
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, validPaths) {
+            try {
+                ValidPathInfo info = queryPathInfo(*i);
+
+                /* Check the content hash (optionally - slow). */
+                printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("checking contents of `%1%'") % *i);
+                HashResult current = hashPath(info.hash.type, *i);
+
+                if (info.hash != nullHash && info.hash != current.first) {
+                    printMsg(lvlError, format("path `%1%' was modified! "
+                            "expected hash `%2%', got `%3%'")
+                        % *i % printHash(info.hash) % printHash(current.first));
+                    if (repair) repairPath(*i); else errors = true;
+                } else {
+
+                    bool update = false;
+
+                    /* Fill in missing hashes. */
+                    if (info.hash == nullHash) {
+                        printMsg(lvlError, format("fixing missing hash on `%1%'") % *i);
+                        info.hash = current.first;
+                        update = true;
+                    }
+
+                    /* Fill in missing narSize fields (from old stores). */
+                    if (info.narSize == 0) {
+                        printMsg(lvlError, format("updating size field on `%1%' to %2%") % *i % current.second);
+                        info.narSize = current.second;
+                        update = true;
+                    }
+
+                    if (update) updatePathInfo(info);
+
+                }
+
+            } catch (Error & e) {
+                /* It's possible that the path got GC'ed, so ignore
+                   errors on invalid paths. */
+                if (isValidPath(*i))
+                    printMsg(lvlError, format("error: %1%") % e.msg());
+                else
+                    printMsg(lvlError, format("warning: %1%") % e.msg());
+                errors = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return errors;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::verifyPath(const Path & path, const PathSet & store,
+    PathSet & done, PathSet & validPaths, bool repair, bool & errors)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+
+    if (done.find(path) != done.end()) return;
+    done.insert(path);
+
+    if (!isStorePath(path)) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("path `%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+        invalidatePath(path);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (store.find(baseNameOf(path)) == store.end()) {
+        /* Check any referrers first.  If we can invalidate them
+           first, then we can invalidate this path as well. */
+        bool canInvalidate = true;
+        PathSet referrers; queryReferrers(path, referrers);
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, referrers)
+            if (*i != path) {
+                verifyPath(*i, store, done, validPaths, repair, errors);
+                if (validPaths.find(*i) != validPaths.end())
+                    canInvalidate = false;
+            }
+
+        if (canInvalidate) {
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("path `%1%' disappeared, removing from database...") % path);
+            invalidatePath(path);
+        } else {
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("path `%1%' disappeared, but it still has valid referrers!") % path);
+            if (repair)
+                try {
+                    repairPath(path);
+                } catch (Error & e) {
+                    printMsg(lvlError, format("warning: %1%") % e.msg());
+                    errors = true;
+                }
+            else errors = true;
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    validPaths.insert(path);
+}
+
+
+bool LocalStore::pathContentsGood(const Path & path)
+{
+    std::map<Path, bool>::iterator i = pathContentsGoodCache.find(path);
+    if (i != pathContentsGoodCache.end()) return i->second;
+    printMsg(lvlInfo, format("checking path `%1%'...") % path);
+    ValidPathInfo info = queryPathInfo(path);
+    bool res;
+    if (!pathExists(path))
+        res = false;
+    else {
+        HashResult current = hashPath(info.hash.type, path);
+        Hash nullHash(htSHA256);
+        res = info.hash == nullHash || info.hash == current.first;
+    }
+    pathContentsGoodCache[path] = res;
+    if (!res) printMsg(lvlError, format("path `%1%' is corrupted or missing!") % path);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::markContentsGood(const Path & path)
+{
+    pathContentsGoodCache[path] = true;
+}
+
+
+/* Functions for upgrading from the pre-SQLite database. */
+
+PathSet LocalStore::queryValidPathsOld()
+{
+    PathSet paths;
+    Strings entries = readDirectory(settings.nixDBPath + "/info");
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, entries)
+        if (i->at(0) != '.') paths.insert(settings.nixStore + "/" + *i);
+    return paths;
+}
+
+
+ValidPathInfo LocalStore::queryPathInfoOld(const Path & path)
+{
+    ValidPathInfo res;
+    res.path = path;
+
+    /* Read the info file. */
+    string baseName = baseNameOf(path);
+    Path infoFile = (format("%1%/info/%2%") % settings.nixDBPath % baseName).str();
+    if (!pathExists(infoFile))
+        throw Error(format("path `%1%' is not valid") % path);
+    string info = readFile(infoFile);
+
+    /* Parse it. */
+    Strings lines = tokenizeString<Strings>(info, "\n");
+
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, lines) {
+        string::size_type p = i->find(':');
+        if (p == string::npos)
+            throw Error(format("corrupt line in `%1%': %2%") % infoFile % *i);
+        string name(*i, 0, p);
+        string value(*i, p + 2);
+        if (name == "References") {
+            Strings refs = tokenizeString<Strings>(value, " ");
+            res.references = PathSet(refs.begin(), refs.end());
+        } else if (name == "Deriver") {
+            res.deriver = value;
+        } else if (name == "Hash") {
+            res.hash = parseHashField(path, value);
+        } else if (name == "Registered-At") {
+            int n = 0;
+            string2Int(value, n);
+            res.registrationTime = n;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+/* Upgrade from schema 5 (Nix 0.12) to schema 6 (Nix >= 0.15). */
+void LocalStore::upgradeStore6()
+{
+    printMsg(lvlError, "upgrading Nix store to new schema (this may take a while)...");
+
+    openDB(true);
+
+    PathSet validPaths = queryValidPathsOld();
+
+    SQLiteTxn txn(db);
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, validPaths) {
+        addValidPath(queryPathInfoOld(*i), false);
+        std::cerr << ".";
+    }
+
+    std::cerr << "|";
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, validPaths) {
+        ValidPathInfo info = queryPathInfoOld(*i);
+        unsigned long long referrer = queryValidPathId(*i);
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, j, info.references)
+            addReference(referrer, queryValidPathId(*j));
+        std::cerr << ".";
+    }
+
+    std::cerr << "\n";
+
+    txn.commit();
+}
+
+
+#if defined(FS_IOC_SETFLAGS) && defined(FS_IOC_GETFLAGS) && defined(FS_IMMUTABLE_FL)
+
+static void makeMutable(const Path & path)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+
+    struct stat st = lstat(path);
+
+    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) return;
+
+    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+        Strings names = readDirectory(path);
+        foreach (Strings::iterator, i, names)
+            makeMutable(path + "/" + *i);
+    }
+
+    /* The O_NOFOLLOW is important to prevent us from changing the
+       mutable bit on the target of a symlink (which would be a
+       security hole). */
+    AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        if (errno == ELOOP) return; // it's a symlink
+        throw SysError(format("opening file `%1%'") % path);
+    }
+
+    unsigned int flags = 0, old;
+
+    /* Silently ignore errors getting/setting the immutable flag so
+       that we work correctly on filesystems that don't support it. */
+    if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flags)) return;
+    old = flags;
+    flags &= ~FS_IMMUTABLE_FL;
+    if (old == flags) return;
+    if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &flags)) return;
+}
+
+/* Upgrade from schema 6 (Nix 0.15) to schema 7 (Nix >= 1.3). */
+void LocalStore::upgradeStore7()
+{
+    if (getuid() != 0) return;
+    printMsg(lvlError, "removing immutable bits from the Nix store (this may take a while)...");
+    makeMutable(settings.nixStore);
+}
+
+#else
+
+void LocalStore::upgradeStore7()
+{
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+void LocalStore::vacuumDB()
+{
+    if (sqlite3_exec(db, "vacuum;", 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
+        throwSQLiteError(db, "vacuuming SQLite database");
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/local-store.hh b/nix/libstore/local-store.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09639e74cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/local-store.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "pathlocks.hh"
+
+
+class sqlite3;
+class sqlite3_stmt;
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* Nix store and database schema version.  Version 1 (or 0) was Nix <=
+   0.7.  Version 2 was Nix 0.8 and 0.9.  Version 3 is Nix 0.10.
+   Version 4 is Nix 0.11.  Version 5 is Nix 0.12-0.16.  Version 6 is
+   Nix 1.0.  Version 7 is Nix 1.3. */
+const int nixSchemaVersion = 7;
+
+
+extern string drvsLogDir;
+
+
+struct Derivation;
+
+
+struct OptimiseStats
+{
+    unsigned long totalFiles;
+    unsigned long sameContents;
+    unsigned long filesLinked;
+    unsigned long long bytesFreed;
+    unsigned long long blocksFreed;
+    OptimiseStats()
+    {
+        totalFiles = sameContents = filesLinked = 0;
+        bytesFreed = blocksFreed = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+
+struct RunningSubstituter
+{
+    Path program;
+    Pid pid;
+    AutoCloseFD to, from, error;
+    FdSource fromBuf;
+    bool disabled;
+    RunningSubstituter() : disabled(false) { };
+};
+
+
+/* Wrapper object to close the SQLite database automatically. */
+struct SQLite
+{
+    sqlite3 * db;
+    SQLite() { db = 0; }
+    ~SQLite();
+    operator sqlite3 * () { return db; }
+};
+
+
+/* Wrapper object to create and destroy SQLite prepared statements. */
+struct SQLiteStmt
+{
+    sqlite3 * db;
+    sqlite3_stmt * stmt;
+    unsigned int curArg;
+    SQLiteStmt() { stmt = 0; }
+    void create(sqlite3 * db, const string & s);
+    void reset();
+    ~SQLiteStmt();
+    operator sqlite3_stmt * () { return stmt; }
+    void bind(const string & value);
+    void bind(int value);
+    void bind64(long long value);
+    void bind();
+};
+
+
+class LocalStore : public StoreAPI
+{
+private:
+    typedef std::map<Path, RunningSubstituter> RunningSubstituters;
+    RunningSubstituters runningSubstituters;
+
+    Path linksDir;
+
+public:
+
+    /* Initialise the local store, upgrading the schema if
+       necessary. */
+    LocalStore(bool reserveSpace = true);
+
+    ~LocalStore();
+
+    /* Implementations of abstract store API methods. */
+
+    bool isValidPath(const Path & path);
+
+    PathSet queryValidPaths(const PathSet & paths);
+
+    PathSet queryAllValidPaths();
+
+    ValidPathInfo queryPathInfo(const Path & path);
+
+    Hash queryPathHash(const Path & path);
+
+    void queryReferences(const Path & path, PathSet & references);
+
+    void queryReferrers(const Path & path, PathSet & referrers);
+
+    Path queryDeriver(const Path & path);
+
+    PathSet queryValidDerivers(const Path & path);
+
+    PathSet queryDerivationOutputs(const Path & path);
+
+    StringSet queryDerivationOutputNames(const Path & path);
+
+    Path queryPathFromHashPart(const string & hashPart);
+
+    PathSet querySubstitutablePaths(const PathSet & paths);
+
+    void querySubstitutablePathInfos(const Path & substituter,
+        PathSet & paths, SubstitutablePathInfos & infos);
+
+    void querySubstitutablePathInfos(const PathSet & paths,
+        SubstitutablePathInfos & infos);
+
+    Path addToStore(const Path & srcPath,
+        bool recursive = true, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256,
+        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, bool repair = false);
+
+    /* Like addToStore(), but the contents of the path are contained
+       in `dump', which is either a NAR serialisation (if recursive ==
+       true) or simply the contents of a regular file (if recursive ==
+       false). */
+    Path addToStoreFromDump(const string & dump, const string & name,
+        bool recursive = true, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256, bool repair = false);
+
+    Path addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
+        const PathSet & references, bool repair = false);
+
+    void exportPath(const Path & path, bool sign,
+        Sink & sink);
+
+    Paths importPaths(bool requireSignature, Source & source);
+
+    void buildPaths(const PathSet & paths, BuildMode buildMode);
+
+    void ensurePath(const Path & path);
+
+    void addTempRoot(const Path & path);
+
+    void addIndirectRoot(const Path & path);
+
+    void syncWithGC();
+
+    Roots findRoots();
+
+    void collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results);
+
+    /* Optimise the disk space usage of the Nix store by hard-linking
+       files with the same contents. */
+    void optimiseStore(OptimiseStats & stats);
+
+    /* Optimise a single store path. */
+    void optimisePath(const Path & path);
+
+    /* Check the integrity of the Nix store.  Returns true if errors
+       remain. */
+    bool verifyStore(bool checkContents, bool repair);
+
+    /* Register the validity of a path, i.e., that `path' exists, that
+       the paths referenced by it exists, and in the case of an output
+       path of a derivation, that it has been produced by a successful
+       execution of the derivation (or something equivalent).  Also
+       register the hash of the file system contents of the path.  The
+       hash must be a SHA-256 hash. */
+    void registerValidPath(const ValidPathInfo & info);
+
+    void registerValidPaths(const ValidPathInfos & infos);
+
+    /* Register that the build of a derivation with output `path' has
+       failed. */
+    void registerFailedPath(const Path & path);
+
+    /* Query whether `path' previously failed to build. */
+    bool hasPathFailed(const Path & path);
+
+    PathSet queryFailedPaths();
+
+    void clearFailedPaths(const PathSet & paths);
+
+    void vacuumDB();
+
+    /* Repair the contents of the given path by redownloading it using
+       a substituter (if available). */
+    void repairPath(const Path & path);
+
+    /* Check whether the given valid path exists and has the right
+       contents. */
+    bool pathContentsGood(const Path & path);
+
+    void markContentsGood(const Path & path);
+
+    void setSubstituterEnv();
+
+private:
+
+    Path schemaPath;
+
+    /* Lock file used for upgrading. */
+    AutoCloseFD globalLock;
+
+    /* The SQLite database object. */
+    SQLite db;
+
+    /* Some precompiled SQLite statements. */
+    SQLiteStmt stmtRegisterValidPath;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtUpdatePathInfo;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtAddReference;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtQueryPathInfo;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtQueryReferences;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtQueryReferrers;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtInvalidatePath;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtRegisterFailedPath;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtHasPathFailed;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtQueryFailedPaths;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtClearFailedPath;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtAddDerivationOutput;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtQueryValidDerivers;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtQueryDerivationOutputs;
+    SQLiteStmt stmtQueryPathFromHashPart;
+
+    /* Cache for pathContentsGood(). */
+    std::map<Path, bool> pathContentsGoodCache;
+
+    bool didSetSubstituterEnv;
+
+    int getSchema();
+
+    void openDB(bool create);
+
+    void makeStoreWritable();
+
+    unsigned long long queryValidPathId(const Path & path);
+
+    unsigned long long addValidPath(const ValidPathInfo & info, bool checkOutputs = true);
+
+    void addReference(unsigned long long referrer, unsigned long long reference);
+
+    void appendReferrer(const Path & from, const Path & to, bool lock);
+
+    void rewriteReferrers(const Path & path, bool purge, PathSet referrers);
+
+    void invalidatePath(const Path & path);
+
+    /* Delete a path from the Nix store. */
+    void invalidatePathChecked(const Path & path);
+
+    void verifyPath(const Path & path, const PathSet & store,
+        PathSet & done, PathSet & validPaths, bool repair, bool & errors);
+
+    void updatePathInfo(const ValidPathInfo & info);
+
+    void upgradeStore6();
+    void upgradeStore7();
+    PathSet queryValidPathsOld();
+    ValidPathInfo queryPathInfoOld(const Path & path);
+
+    struct GCState;
+
+    void deleteGarbage(GCState & state, const Path & path);
+
+    void tryToDelete(GCState & state, const Path & path);
+
+    bool canReachRoot(GCState & state, PathSet & visited, const Path & path);
+
+    void deletePathRecursive(GCState & state, const Path & path);
+
+    bool isActiveTempFile(const GCState & state,
+        const Path & path, const string & suffix);
+
+    int openGCLock(LockType lockType);
+
+    void removeUnusedLinks(const GCState & state);
+
+    void startSubstituter(const Path & substituter,
+        RunningSubstituter & runningSubstituter);
+
+    string getLineFromSubstituter(RunningSubstituter & run);
+
+    template<class T> T getIntLineFromSubstituter(RunningSubstituter & run);
+
+    Path createTempDirInStore();
+
+    Path importPath(bool requireSignature, Source & source);
+
+    void checkDerivationOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const Derivation & drv);
+
+    void optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path);
+
+    // Internal versions that are not wrapped in retry_sqlite.
+    bool isValidPath_(const Path & path);
+    void queryReferrers_(const Path & path, PathSet & referrers);
+};
+
+
+typedef std::pair<dev_t, ino_t> Inode;
+typedef set<Inode> InodesSeen;
+
+
+/* "Fix", or canonicalise, the meta-data of the files in a store path
+   after it has been built.  In particular:
+   - the last modification date on each file is set to 1 (i.e.,
+     00:00:01 1/1/1970 UTC)
+   - the permissions are set of 444 or 555 (i.e., read-only with or
+     without execute permission; setuid bits etc. are cleared)
+   - the owner and group are set to the Nix user and group, if we're
+     running as root. */
+void canonicalisePathMetaData(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid, InodesSeen & inodesSeen);
+void canonicalisePathMetaData(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid);
+
+void canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(const Path & path);
+
+MakeError(PathInUse, Error);
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/misc.cc b/nix/libstore/misc.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bf3f93782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/misc.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+Derivation derivationFromPath(StoreAPI & store, const Path & drvPath)
+{
+    assertStorePath(drvPath);
+    store.ensurePath(drvPath);
+    return parseDerivation(readFile(drvPath));
+}
+
+
+void computeFSClosure(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path,
+    PathSet & paths, bool flipDirection, bool includeOutputs, bool includeDerivers)
+{
+    if (paths.find(path) != paths.end()) return;
+    paths.insert(path);
+
+    PathSet edges;
+
+    if (flipDirection) {
+        store.queryReferrers(path, edges);
+
+        if (includeOutputs) {
+            PathSet derivers = store.queryValidDerivers(path);
+            foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, derivers)
+                edges.insert(*i);
+        }
+
+        if (includeDerivers && isDerivation(path)) {
+            PathSet outputs = store.queryDerivationOutputs(path);
+            foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, outputs)
+                if (store.isValidPath(*i) && store.queryDeriver(*i) == path)
+                    edges.insert(*i);
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        store.queryReferences(path, edges);
+
+        if (includeOutputs && isDerivation(path)) {
+            PathSet outputs = store.queryDerivationOutputs(path);
+            foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, outputs)
+                if (store.isValidPath(*i)) edges.insert(*i);
+        }
+
+        if (includeDerivers) {
+            Path deriver = store.queryDeriver(path);
+            if (store.isValidPath(deriver)) edges.insert(deriver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, edges)
+        computeFSClosure(store, *i, paths, flipDirection, includeOutputs, includeDerivers);
+}
+
+
+Path findOutput(const Derivation & drv, string id)
+{
+    foreach (DerivationOutputs::const_iterator, i, drv.outputs)
+        if (i->first == id) return i->second.path;
+    throw Error(format("derivation has no output `%1%'") % id);
+}
+
+
+void queryMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & targets,
+    PathSet & willBuild, PathSet & willSubstitute, PathSet & unknown,
+    unsigned long long & downloadSize, unsigned long long & narSize)
+{
+    downloadSize = narSize = 0;
+
+    PathSet todo(targets.begin(), targets.end()), done;
+
+    /* Getting substitute info has high latency when using the binary
+       cache substituter.  Thus it's essential to do substitute
+       queries in parallel as much as possible.  To accomplish this
+       we do the following:
+
+       - For all paths still to be processed (‘todo’), we add all
+         paths for which we need info to the set ‘query’.  For an
+         unbuilt derivation this is the output paths; otherwise, it's
+         the path itself.
+
+       - We get info about all paths in ‘query’ in parallel.
+
+       - We process the results and add new items to ‘todo’ if
+         necessary.  E.g. if a path is substitutable, then we need to
+         get info on its references.
+
+       - Repeat until ‘todo’ is empty.
+    */
+
+    while (!todo.empty()) {
+
+        PathSet query, todoDrv, todoNonDrv;
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, todo) {
+            if (done.find(*i) != done.end()) continue;
+            done.insert(*i);
+
+            DrvPathWithOutputs i2 = parseDrvPathWithOutputs(*i);
+
+            if (isDerivation(i2.first)) {
+                if (!store.isValidPath(i2.first)) {
+                    // FIXME: we could try to substitute p.
+                    unknown.insert(*i);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(store, i2.first);
+
+                PathSet invalid;
+                foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, j, drv.outputs)
+                    if (wantOutput(j->first, i2.second)
+                        && !store.isValidPath(j->second.path))
+                        invalid.insert(j->second.path);
+                if (invalid.empty()) continue;
+
+                todoDrv.insert(*i);
+                if (settings.useSubstitutes && !willBuildLocally(drv))
+                    query.insert(invalid.begin(), invalid.end());
+            }
+
+            else {
+                if (store.isValidPath(*i)) continue;
+                query.insert(*i);
+                todoNonDrv.insert(*i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        todo.clear();
+
+        SubstitutablePathInfos infos;
+        store.querySubstitutablePathInfos(query, infos);
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, todoDrv) {
+            DrvPathWithOutputs i2 = parseDrvPathWithOutputs(*i);
+
+            // FIXME: cache this
+            Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(store, i2.first);
+
+            PathSet outputs;
+            bool mustBuild = false;
+            if (settings.useSubstitutes && !willBuildLocally(drv)) {
+                foreach (DerivationOutputs::iterator, j, drv.outputs) {
+                    if (!wantOutput(j->first, i2.second)) continue;
+                    if (!store.isValidPath(j->second.path)) {
+                        if (infos.find(j->second.path) == infos.end())
+                            mustBuild = true;
+                        else
+                            outputs.insert(j->second.path);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else
+                mustBuild = true;
+
+            if (mustBuild) {
+                willBuild.insert(i2.first);
+                todo.insert(drv.inputSrcs.begin(), drv.inputSrcs.end());
+                foreach (DerivationInputs::iterator, j, drv.inputDrvs)
+                    todo.insert(makeDrvPathWithOutputs(j->first, j->second));
+            } else
+                todoNonDrv.insert(outputs.begin(), outputs.end());
+        }
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, todoNonDrv) {
+            done.insert(*i);
+            SubstitutablePathInfos::iterator info = infos.find(*i);
+            if (info != infos.end()) {
+                willSubstitute.insert(*i);
+                downloadSize += info->second.downloadSize;
+                narSize += info->second.narSize;
+                todo.insert(info->second.references.begin(), info->second.references.end());
+            } else
+                unknown.insert(*i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void dfsVisit(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths,
+    const Path & path, PathSet & visited, Paths & sorted,
+    PathSet & parents)
+{
+    if (parents.find(path) != parents.end())
+        throw BuildError(format("cycle detected in the references of `%1%'") % path);
+
+    if (visited.find(path) != visited.end()) return;
+    visited.insert(path);
+    parents.insert(path);
+
+    PathSet references;
+    if (store.isValidPath(path))
+        store.queryReferences(path, references);
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, references)
+        /* Don't traverse into paths that don't exist.  That can
+           happen due to substitutes for non-existent paths. */
+        if (*i != path && paths.find(*i) != paths.end())
+            dfsVisit(store, paths, *i, visited, sorted, parents);
+
+    sorted.push_front(path);
+    parents.erase(path);
+}
+
+
+Paths topoSortPaths(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    Paths sorted;
+    PathSet visited, parents;
+    foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths)
+        dfsVisit(store, paths, *i, visited, sorted, parents);
+    return sorted;
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/misc.hh b/nix/libstore/misc.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..144cb7f457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/misc.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "derivations.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* Read a derivation, after ensuring its existence through
+   ensurePath(). */
+Derivation derivationFromPath(StoreAPI & store, const Path & drvPath);
+
+/* Place in `paths' the set of all store paths in the file system
+   closure of `storePath'; that is, all paths than can be directly or
+   indirectly reached from it.  `paths' is not cleared.  If
+   `flipDirection' is true, the set of paths that can reach
+   `storePath' is returned; that is, the closures under the
+   `referrers' relation instead of the `references' relation is
+   returned. */
+void computeFSClosure(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path,
+    PathSet & paths, bool flipDirection = false,
+    bool includeOutputs = false, bool includeDerivers = false);
+
+/* Return the path corresponding to the output identifier `id' in the
+   given derivation. */
+Path findOutput(const Derivation & drv, string id);
+
+/* Given a set of paths that are to be built, return the set of
+   derivations that will be built, and the set of output paths that
+   will be substituted. */
+void queryMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & targets,
+    PathSet & willBuild, PathSet & willSubstitute, PathSet & unknown,
+    unsigned long long & downloadSize, unsigned long long & narSize);
+
+bool willBuildLocally(const Derivation & drv);
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc b/nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d833f3aa05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/optimise-store.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+static void makeWritable(const Path & path)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % path);
+    if (chmod(path.c_str(), st.st_mode | S_IWUSR) == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("changing writability of `%1%'") % path);
+}
+
+
+struct MakeReadOnly
+{
+    Path path;
+    MakeReadOnly(const Path & path) : path(path) { }
+    ~MakeReadOnly()
+    {
+        try {
+            /* This will make the path read-only. */
+            if (path != "") canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(path);
+        } catch (...) {
+            ignoreException();
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+
+void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+    
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % path);
+
+    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+        Strings names = readDirectory(path);
+        foreach (Strings::iterator, i, names)
+            optimisePath_(stats, path + "/" + *i);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* We can hard link regular files and maybe symlinks. */
+    if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)
+#if CAN_LINK_SYMLINK
+        && !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)
+#endif
+        ) return;
+
+    /* Sometimes SNAFUs can cause files in the Nix store to be
+       modified, in particular when running programs as root under
+       NixOS (example: $fontconfig/var/cache being modified).  Skip
+       those files.  FIXME: check the modification time. */
+    if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && (st.st_mode & S_IWUSR)) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("skipping suspicious writable file `%1%'") % path);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Hash the file.  Note that hashPath() returns the hash over the
+       NAR serialisation, which includes the execute bit on the file.
+       Thus, executable and non-executable files with the same
+       contents *won't* be linked (which is good because otherwise the
+       permissions would be screwed up).
+
+       Also note that if `path' is a symlink, then we're hashing the
+       contents of the symlink (i.e. the result of readlink()), not
+       the contents of the target (which may not even exist). */
+    Hash hash = hashPath(htSHA256, path).first;
+    stats.totalFiles++;
+    printMsg(lvlDebug, format("`%1%' has hash `%2%'") % path % printHash(hash));
+
+    /* Check if this is a known hash. */
+    Path linkPath = linksDir + "/" + printHash32(hash);
+
+    if (!pathExists(linkPath)) {
+        /* Nope, create a hard link in the links directory. */
+        if (link(path.c_str(), linkPath.c_str()) == 0) return;
+        if (errno != EEXIST)
+            throw SysError(format("cannot link `%1%' to `%2%'") % linkPath % path);
+        /* Fall through if another process created ‘linkPath’ before
+           we did. */
+    }
+
+    /* Yes!  We've seen a file with the same contents.  Replace the
+       current file with a hard link to that file. */
+    struct stat stLink;
+    if (lstat(linkPath.c_str(), &stLink))
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % linkPath);
+
+    stats.sameContents++;
+    if (st.st_ino == stLink.st_ino) {
+        printMsg(lvlDebug, format("`%1%' is already linked to `%2%'") % path % linkPath);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("linking `%1%' to `%2%'") % path % linkPath);
+
+    /* Make the containing directory writable, but only if it's not
+       the store itself (we don't want or need to mess with its
+       permissions). */
+    bool mustToggle = !isStorePath(path);
+    if (mustToggle) makeWritable(dirOf(path));
+
+    /* When we're done, make the directory read-only again and reset
+       its timestamp back to 0. */
+    MakeReadOnly makeReadOnly(mustToggle ? dirOf(path) : "");
+
+    Path tempLink = (format("%1%/.tmp-link-%2%-%3%")
+        % settings.nixStore % getpid() % rand()).str();
+
+    if (link(linkPath.c_str(), tempLink.c_str()) == -1) {
+        if (errno == EMLINK) {
+            /* Too many links to the same file (>= 32000 on most file
+               systems).  This is likely to happen with empty files.
+               Just shrug and ignore. */
+            if (st.st_size)
+                printMsg(lvlInfo, format("`%1%' has maximum number of links") % linkPath);
+            return;
+        }
+        throw SysError(format("cannot link `%1%' to `%2%'") % tempLink % linkPath);
+    }
+
+    /* Atomically replace the old file with the new hard link. */
+    if (rename(tempLink.c_str(), path.c_str()) == -1) {
+        if (unlink(tempLink.c_str()) == -1)
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("unable to unlink `%1%'") % tempLink);
+        if (errno == EMLINK) {
+            /* Some filesystems generate too many links on the rename,
+               rather than on the original link.  (Probably it
+               temporarily increases the st_nlink field before
+               decreasing it again.) */
+            if (st.st_size)
+                printMsg(lvlInfo, format("`%1%' has maximum number of links") % linkPath);
+            return;
+        }
+        throw SysError(format("cannot rename `%1%' to `%2%'") % tempLink % path);
+    }
+
+    stats.filesLinked++;
+    stats.bytesFreed += st.st_size;
+    stats.blocksFreed += st.st_blocks;
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::optimiseStore(OptimiseStats & stats)
+{
+    PathSet paths = queryAllValidPaths();
+
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, paths) {
+        addTempRoot(*i);
+        if (!isValidPath(*i)) continue; /* path was GC'ed, probably */
+        startNest(nest, lvlChatty, format("hashing files in `%1%'") % *i);
+        optimisePath_(stats, *i);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void LocalStore::optimisePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    OptimiseStats stats;
+    if (settings.autoOptimiseStore) optimisePath_(stats, path);
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/pathlocks.cc b/nix/libstore/pathlocks.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b858ed238d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/pathlocks.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#include "pathlocks.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+int openLockFile(const Path & path, bool create)
+{
+    AutoCloseFD fd;
+
+    fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDWR | (create ? O_CREAT : 0), 0600);
+    if (fd == -1 && (create || errno != ENOENT))
+        throw SysError(format("opening lock file `%1%'") % path);
+
+    closeOnExec(fd);
+
+    return fd.borrow();
+}
+
+
+void deleteLockFile(const Path & path, int fd)
+{
+    /* Get rid of the lock file.  Have to be careful not to introduce
+       races.  Write a (meaningless) token to the file to indicate to
+       other processes waiting on this lock that the lock is stale
+       (deleted). */
+    unlink(path.c_str());
+    writeFull(fd, (const unsigned char *) "d", 1);
+    /* Note that the result of unlink() is ignored; removing the lock
+       file is an optimisation, not a necessity. */
+}
+
+
+bool lockFile(int fd, LockType lockType, bool wait)
+{
+    struct flock lock;
+    if (lockType == ltRead) lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
+    else if (lockType == ltWrite) lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+    else if (lockType == ltNone) lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
+    else abort();
+    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+    lock.l_start = 0;
+    lock.l_len = 0; /* entire file */
+
+    if (wait) {
+        while (fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &lock) != 0) {
+            checkInterrupt();
+            if (errno != EINTR)
+                throw SysError(format("acquiring/releasing lock"));
+        }
+    } else {
+        while (fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &lock) != 0) {
+            checkInterrupt();
+            if (errno == EACCES || errno == EAGAIN) return false;
+            if (errno != EINTR) 
+                throw SysError(format("acquiring/releasing lock"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+/* This enables us to check whether are not already holding a lock on
+   a file ourselves.  POSIX locks (fcntl) suck in this respect: if we
+   close a descriptor, the previous lock will be closed as well.  And
+   there is no way to query whether we already have a lock (F_GETLK
+   only works on locks held by other processes). */
+static StringSet lockedPaths; /* !!! not thread-safe */
+
+
+PathLocks::PathLocks()
+    : deletePaths(false)
+{
+}
+
+
+PathLocks::PathLocks(const PathSet & paths, const string & waitMsg)
+    : deletePaths(false)
+{
+    lockPaths(paths, waitMsg);
+}
+
+
+bool PathLocks::lockPaths(const PathSet & _paths,
+    const string & waitMsg, bool wait)
+{
+    assert(fds.empty());
+    
+    /* Note that `fds' is built incrementally so that the destructor
+       will only release those locks that we have already acquired. */
+
+    /* Sort the paths.  This assures that locks are always acquired in
+       the same order, thus preventing deadlocks. */
+    Paths paths(_paths.begin(), _paths.end());
+    paths.sort();
+    
+    /* Acquire the lock for each path. */
+    foreach (Paths::iterator, i, paths) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        Path path = *i;
+        Path lockPath = path + ".lock";
+
+        debug(format("locking path `%1%'") % path);
+
+        if (lockedPaths.find(lockPath) != lockedPaths.end())
+            throw Error("deadlock: trying to re-acquire self-held lock");
+
+        AutoCloseFD fd;
+        
+        while (1) {
+
+            /* Open/create the lock file. */
+	    fd = openLockFile(lockPath, true);
+
+            /* Acquire an exclusive lock. */
+            if (!lockFile(fd, ltWrite, false)) {
+                if (wait) {
+                    if (waitMsg != "") printMsg(lvlError, waitMsg);
+                    lockFile(fd, ltWrite, true);
+                } else {
+                    /* Failed to lock this path; release all other
+                       locks. */
+                    unlock();
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            debug(format("lock acquired on `%1%'") % lockPath);
+
+            /* Check that the lock file hasn't become stale (i.e.,
+               hasn't been unlinked). */
+            struct stat st;
+            if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1)
+                throw SysError(format("statting lock file `%1%'") % lockPath);
+            if (st.st_size != 0)
+                /* This lock file has been unlinked, so we're holding
+                   a lock on a deleted file.  This means that other
+                   processes may create and acquire a lock on
+                   `lockPath', and proceed.  So we must retry. */
+                debug(format("open lock file `%1%' has become stale") % lockPath);
+            else
+                break;
+        }
+
+        /* Use borrow so that the descriptor isn't closed. */
+        fds.push_back(FDPair(fd.borrow(), lockPath));
+        lockedPaths.insert(lockPath);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+PathLocks::~PathLocks()
+{
+    unlock();
+}
+
+
+void PathLocks::unlock()
+{
+    foreach (list<FDPair>::iterator, i, fds) {
+        if (deletePaths) deleteLockFile(i->second, i->first);
+
+        lockedPaths.erase(i->second);
+        if (close(i->first) == -1)
+            printMsg(lvlError,
+                format("error (ignored): cannot close lock file on `%1%'") % i->second);
+
+        debug(format("lock released on `%1%'") % i->second);
+    }
+
+    fds.clear();
+}
+
+
+void PathLocks::setDeletion(bool deletePaths)
+{
+    this->deletePaths = deletePaths;
+}
+
+
+bool pathIsLockedByMe(const Path & path)
+{
+    Path lockPath = path + ".lock";
+    return lockedPaths.find(lockPath) != lockedPaths.end();
+}
+
+ 
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/pathlocks.hh b/nix/libstore/pathlocks.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a6b1450da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/pathlocks.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* Open (possibly create) a lock file and return the file descriptor.
+   -1 is returned if create is false and the lock could not be opened
+   because it doesn't exist.  Any other error throws an exception. */
+int openLockFile(const Path & path, bool create);
+
+/* Delete an open lock file. */
+void deleteLockFile(const Path & path, int fd);
+
+enum LockType { ltRead, ltWrite, ltNone };
+
+bool lockFile(int fd, LockType lockType, bool wait);
+
+
+class PathLocks 
+{
+private:
+    typedef std::pair<int, Path> FDPair;
+    list<FDPair> fds;
+    bool deletePaths;
+
+public:
+    PathLocks();
+    PathLocks(const PathSet & paths,
+        const string & waitMsg = "");
+    bool lockPaths(const PathSet & _paths,
+        const string & waitMsg = "",
+        bool wait = true);
+    ~PathLocks();
+    void unlock();
+    void setDeletion(bool deletePaths);
+};
+
+
+bool pathIsLockedByMe(const Path & path);
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/references.cc b/nix/libstore/references.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..282b848938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/references.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "references.hh"
+#include "hash.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "archive.hh"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+static unsigned int refLength = 32; /* characters */
+
+
+static void search(const unsigned char * s, unsigned int len, 
+    StringSet & hashes, StringSet & seen)
+{
+    static bool initialised = false;
+    static bool isBase32[256];
+    if (!initialised) {
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) isBase32[i] = false;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < base32Chars.size(); ++i)
+            isBase32[(unsigned char) base32Chars[i]] = true;
+        initialised = true;
+    }
+    
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i + refLength <= len; ) {
+        int j;
+        bool match = true;
+        for (j = refLength - 1; j >= 0; --j)
+            if (!isBase32[(unsigned char) s[i + j]]) {
+                i += j + 1;
+                match = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        if (!match) continue;
+        string ref((const char *) s + i, refLength);
+        if (hashes.find(ref) != hashes.end()) {
+            debug(format("found reference to `%1%' at offset `%2%'")
+                  % ref % i);
+            seen.insert(ref);
+            hashes.erase(ref);
+        }
+        ++i;
+    }
+}
+
+
+struct RefScanSink : Sink
+{
+    HashSink hashSink;
+    StringSet hashes;
+    StringSet seen;
+
+    string tail;
+
+    RefScanSink() : hashSink(htSHA256) { }
+    
+    void operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len);
+};
+
+
+void RefScanSink::operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    hashSink(data, len);
+
+    /* It's possible that a reference spans the previous and current
+       fragment, so search in the concatenation of the tail of the
+       previous fragment and the start of the current fragment. */
+    string s = tail + string((const char *) data, len > refLength ? refLength : len);
+    search((const unsigned char *) s.data(), s.size(), hashes, seen);
+
+    search(data, len, hashes, seen);
+
+    unsigned int tailLen = len <= refLength ? len : refLength;
+    tail =
+        string(tail, tail.size() < refLength - tailLen ? 0 : tail.size() - (refLength - tailLen)) +
+        string((const char *) data + len - tailLen, tailLen);
+}
+
+
+PathSet scanForReferences(const string & path,
+    const PathSet & refs, HashResult & hash)
+{
+    RefScanSink sink;
+    std::map<string, Path> backMap;
+
+    /* For efficiency (and a higher hit rate), just search for the
+       hash part of the file name.  (This assumes that all references
+       have the form `HASH-bla'). */
+    foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, refs) {
+        string baseName = baseNameOf(*i);
+        string::size_type pos = baseName.find('-');
+        if (pos == string::npos)
+            throw Error(format("bad reference `%1%'") % *i);
+        string s = string(baseName, 0, pos);
+        assert(s.size() == refLength);
+        assert(backMap.find(s) == backMap.end());
+        // parseHash(htSHA256, s);
+        sink.hashes.insert(s);
+        backMap[s] = *i;
+    }
+
+    /* Look for the hashes in the NAR dump of the path. */
+    dumpPath(path, sink);
+
+    /* Map the hashes found back to their store paths. */
+    PathSet found;
+    foreach (StringSet::iterator, i, sink.seen) {
+        std::map<string, Path>::iterator j;
+        if ((j = backMap.find(*i)) == backMap.end()) abort();
+        found.insert(j->second);
+    }
+
+    hash = sink.hashSink.finish();
+        
+    return found;
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/references.hh b/nix/libstore/references.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..013809d122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/references.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+#include "hash.hh"
+
+namespace nix {
+
+PathSet scanForReferences(const Path & path, const PathSet & refs,
+    HashResult & hash);
+    
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/remote-store.cc b/nix/libstore/remote-store.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4619206932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/remote-store.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+#include "serialise.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "remote-store.hh"
+#include "worker-protocol.hh"
+#include "archive.hh"
+#include "affinity.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+Path readStorePath(Source & from)
+{
+    Path path = readString(from);
+    assertStorePath(path);
+    return path;
+}
+
+
+template<class T> T readStorePaths(Source & from)
+{
+    T paths = readStrings<T>(from);
+    foreach (typename T::iterator, i, paths) assertStorePath(*i);
+    return paths;
+}
+
+template PathSet readStorePaths(Source & from);
+
+
+RemoteStore::RemoteStore()
+{
+    initialised = false;
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::openConnection(bool reserveSpace)
+{
+    if (initialised) return;
+    initialised = true;
+
+    string remoteMode = getEnv("NIX_REMOTE");
+
+    if (remoteMode == "daemon")
+        /* Connect to a daemon that does the privileged work for
+           us. */
+        connectToDaemon();
+    else
+        throw Error(format("invalid setting for NIX_REMOTE, `%1%'") % remoteMode);
+
+    from.fd = fdSocket;
+    to.fd = fdSocket;
+
+    /* Send the magic greeting, check for the reply. */
+    try {
+        writeInt(WORKER_MAGIC_1, to);
+        to.flush();
+        unsigned int magic = readInt(from);
+        if (magic != WORKER_MAGIC_2) throw Error("protocol mismatch");
+
+        daemonVersion = readInt(from);
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(daemonVersion) != GET_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(PROTOCOL_VERSION))
+            throw Error("Nix daemon protocol version not supported");
+        writeInt(PROTOCOL_VERSION, to);
+
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 14) {
+            int cpu = settings.lockCPU ? lockToCurrentCPU() : -1;
+            if (cpu != -1) {
+                writeInt(1, to);
+                writeInt(cpu, to);
+            } else
+                writeInt(0, to);
+        }
+
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 11)
+            writeInt(reserveSpace, to);
+
+        processStderr();
+    }
+    catch (Error & e) {
+        throw Error(format("cannot start worker (%1%)")
+            % e.msg());
+    }
+
+    setOptions();
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::connectToDaemon()
+{
+    fdSocket = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    if (fdSocket == -1)
+        throw SysError("cannot create Unix domain socket");
+    closeOnExec(fdSocket);
+
+    string socketPath = settings.nixDaemonSocketFile;
+
+    /* Urgh, sockaddr_un allows path names of only 108 characters.  So
+       chdir to the socket directory so that we can pass a relative
+       path name.  !!! this is probably a bad idea in multi-threaded
+       applications... */
+    AutoCloseFD fdPrevDir = open(".", O_RDONLY);
+    if (fdPrevDir == -1) throw SysError("couldn't open current directory");
+    chdir(dirOf(socketPath).c_str());
+    Path socketPathRel = "./" + baseNameOf(socketPath);
+
+    struct sockaddr_un addr;
+    addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+    if (socketPathRel.size() >= sizeof(addr.sun_path))
+        throw Error(format("socket path `%1%' is too long") % socketPathRel);
+    using namespace std;
+    strcpy(addr.sun_path, socketPathRel.c_str());
+
+    if (connect(fdSocket, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("cannot connect to daemon at `%1%'") % socketPath);
+
+    if (fchdir(fdPrevDir) == -1)
+        throw SysError("couldn't change back to previous directory");
+}
+
+
+RemoteStore::~RemoteStore()
+{
+    try {
+        to.flush();
+        fdSocket.close();
+        if (child != -1)
+            child.wait(true);
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::setOptions()
+{
+    writeInt(wopSetOptions, to);
+
+    writeInt(settings.keepFailed, to);
+    writeInt(settings.keepGoing, to);
+    writeInt(settings.tryFallback, to);
+    writeInt(verbosity, to);
+    writeInt(settings.maxBuildJobs, to);
+    writeInt(settings.maxSilentTime, to);
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 2)
+        writeInt(settings.useBuildHook, to);
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 4) {
+        writeInt(settings.buildVerbosity, to);
+        writeInt(logType, to);
+        writeInt(settings.printBuildTrace, to);
+    }
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 6)
+        writeInt(settings.buildCores, to);
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 10)
+        writeInt(settings.useSubstitutes, to);
+
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 12) {
+        Settings::SettingsMap overrides = settings.getOverrides();
+        writeInt(overrides.size(), to);
+        foreach (Settings::SettingsMap::iterator, i, overrides) {
+            writeString(i->first, to);
+            writeString(i->second, to);
+        }
+    }
+
+    processStderr();
+}
+
+
+bool RemoteStore::isValidPath(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopIsValidPath, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    unsigned int reply = readInt(from);
+    return reply != 0;
+}
+
+
+PathSet RemoteStore::queryValidPaths(const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) < 12) {
+        PathSet res;
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths)
+            if (isValidPath(*i)) res.insert(*i);
+        return res;
+    } else {
+        writeInt(wopQueryValidPaths, to);
+        writeStrings(paths, to);
+        processStderr();
+        return readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+    }
+}
+
+
+PathSet RemoteStore::queryAllValidPaths()
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryAllValidPaths, to);
+    processStderr();
+    return readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+}
+
+
+PathSet RemoteStore::querySubstitutablePaths(const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) < 12) {
+        PathSet res;
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths) {
+            writeInt(wopHasSubstitutes, to);
+            writeString(*i, to);
+            processStderr();
+            if (readInt(from)) res.insert(*i);
+        }
+        return res;
+    } else {
+        writeInt(wopQuerySubstitutablePaths, to);
+        writeStrings(paths, to);
+        processStderr();
+        return readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::querySubstitutablePathInfos(const PathSet & paths,
+    SubstitutablePathInfos & infos)
+{
+    if (paths.empty()) return;
+
+    openConnection();
+
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) < 3) return;
+
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) < 12) {
+
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths) {
+            SubstitutablePathInfo info;
+            writeInt(wopQuerySubstitutablePathInfo, to);
+            writeString(*i, to);
+            processStderr();
+            unsigned int reply = readInt(from);
+            if (reply == 0) continue;
+            info.deriver = readString(from);
+            if (info.deriver != "") assertStorePath(info.deriver);
+            info.references = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+            info.downloadSize = readLongLong(from);
+            info.narSize = GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 7 ? readLongLong(from) : 0;
+            infos[*i] = info;
+        }
+
+    } else {
+
+        writeInt(wopQuerySubstitutablePathInfos, to);
+        writeStrings(paths, to);
+        processStderr();
+        unsigned int count = readInt(from);
+        for (unsigned int n = 0; n < count; n++) {
+            Path path = readStorePath(from);
+            SubstitutablePathInfo & info(infos[path]);
+            info.deriver = readString(from);
+            if (info.deriver != "") assertStorePath(info.deriver);
+            info.references = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+            info.downloadSize = readLongLong(from);
+            info.narSize = readLongLong(from);
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+ValidPathInfo RemoteStore::queryPathInfo(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryPathInfo, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    ValidPathInfo info;
+    info.path = path;
+    info.deriver = readString(from);
+    if (info.deriver != "") assertStorePath(info.deriver);
+    info.hash = parseHash(htSHA256, readString(from));
+    info.references = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+    info.registrationTime = readInt(from);
+    info.narSize = readLongLong(from);
+    return info;
+}
+
+
+Hash RemoteStore::queryPathHash(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryPathHash, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    string hash = readString(from);
+    return parseHash(htSHA256, hash);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::queryReferences(const Path & path,
+    PathSet & references)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryReferences, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    PathSet references2 = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+    references.insert(references2.begin(), references2.end());
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::queryReferrers(const Path & path,
+    PathSet & referrers)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryReferrers, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    PathSet referrers2 = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+    referrers.insert(referrers2.begin(), referrers2.end());
+}
+
+
+Path RemoteStore::queryDeriver(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryDeriver, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    Path drvPath = readString(from);
+    if (drvPath != "") assertStorePath(drvPath);
+    return drvPath;
+}
+
+
+PathSet RemoteStore::queryValidDerivers(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryValidDerivers, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    return readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+}
+
+
+PathSet RemoteStore::queryDerivationOutputs(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryDerivationOutputs, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    return readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+}
+
+
+PathSet RemoteStore::queryDerivationOutputNames(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryDerivationOutputNames, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    return readStrings<PathSet>(from);
+}
+
+
+Path RemoteStore::queryPathFromHashPart(const string & hashPart)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryPathFromHashPart, to);
+    writeString(hashPart, to);
+    processStderr();
+    Path path = readString(from);
+    if (!path.empty()) assertStorePath(path);
+    return path;
+}
+
+
+Path RemoteStore::addToStore(const Path & _srcPath,
+    bool recursive, HashType hashAlgo, PathFilter & filter, bool repair)
+{
+    if (repair) throw Error("repairing is not supported when building through the Nix daemon");
+
+    openConnection();
+
+    Path srcPath(absPath(_srcPath));
+
+    writeInt(wopAddToStore, to);
+    writeString(baseNameOf(srcPath), to);
+    /* backwards compatibility hack */
+    writeInt((hashAlgo == htSHA256 && recursive) ? 0 : 1, to);
+    writeInt(recursive ? 1 : 0, to);
+    writeString(printHashType(hashAlgo), to);
+    dumpPath(srcPath, to, filter);
+    processStderr();
+    return readStorePath(from);
+}
+
+
+Path RemoteStore::addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
+    const PathSet & references, bool repair)
+{
+    if (repair) throw Error("repairing is not supported when building through the Nix daemon");
+
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopAddTextToStore, to);
+    writeString(name, to);
+    writeString(s, to);
+    writeStrings(references, to);
+
+    processStderr();
+    return readStorePath(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::exportPath(const Path & path, bool sign,
+    Sink & sink)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopExportPath, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    writeInt(sign ? 1 : 0, to);
+    processStderr(&sink); /* sink receives the actual data */
+    readInt(from);
+}
+
+
+Paths RemoteStore::importPaths(bool requireSignature, Source & source)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopImportPaths, to);
+    /* We ignore requireSignature, since the worker forces it to true
+       anyway. */
+    processStderr(0, &source);
+    return readStorePaths<Paths>(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::buildPaths(const PathSet & drvPaths, BuildMode buildMode)
+{
+    if (buildMode != bmNormal) throw Error("repairing or checking is not supported when building through the Nix daemon");
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopBuildPaths, to);
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 13)
+        writeStrings(drvPaths, to);
+    else {
+        /* For backwards compatibility with old daemons, strip output
+           identifiers. */
+        PathSet drvPaths2;
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, drvPaths)
+            drvPaths2.insert(string(*i, 0, i->find('!')));
+        writeStrings(drvPaths2, to);
+    }
+    processStderr();
+    readInt(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::ensurePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopEnsurePath, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    readInt(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::addTempRoot(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopAddTempRoot, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    readInt(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::addIndirectRoot(const Path & path)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopAddIndirectRoot, to);
+    writeString(path, to);
+    processStderr();
+    readInt(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::syncWithGC()
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopSyncWithGC, to);
+    processStderr();
+    readInt(from);
+}
+
+
+Roots RemoteStore::findRoots()
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopFindRoots, to);
+    processStderr();
+    unsigned int count = readInt(from);
+    Roots result;
+    while (count--) {
+        Path link = readString(from);
+        Path target = readStorePath(from);
+        result[link] = target;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results)
+{
+    openConnection(false);
+
+    writeInt(wopCollectGarbage, to);
+    writeInt(options.action, to);
+    writeStrings(options.pathsToDelete, to);
+    writeInt(options.ignoreLiveness, to);
+    writeLongLong(options.maxFreed, to);
+    writeInt(0, to);
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 5) {
+        /* removed options */
+        writeInt(0, to);
+        writeInt(0, to);
+    }
+
+    processStderr();
+
+    results.paths = readStrings<PathSet>(from);
+    results.bytesFreed = readLongLong(from);
+    readLongLong(from); // obsolete
+}
+
+
+PathSet RemoteStore::queryFailedPaths()
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopQueryFailedPaths, to);
+    processStderr();
+    return readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::clearFailedPaths(const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    openConnection();
+    writeInt(wopClearFailedPaths, to);
+    writeStrings(paths, to);
+    processStderr();
+    readInt(from);
+}
+
+
+void RemoteStore::processStderr(Sink * sink, Source * source)
+{
+    to.flush();
+    unsigned int msg;
+    while ((msg = readInt(from)) == STDERR_NEXT
+        || msg == STDERR_READ || msg == STDERR_WRITE) {
+        if (msg == STDERR_WRITE) {
+            string s = readString(from);
+            if (!sink) throw Error("no sink");
+            (*sink)((const unsigned char *) s.data(), s.size());
+        }
+        else if (msg == STDERR_READ) {
+            if (!source) throw Error("no source");
+            size_t len = readInt(from);
+            unsigned char * buf = new unsigned char[len];
+            AutoDeleteArray<unsigned char> d(buf);
+            writeString(buf, source->read(buf, len), to);
+            to.flush();
+        }
+        else {
+            string s = readString(from);
+            writeToStderr(s);
+        }
+    }
+    if (msg == STDERR_ERROR) {
+        string error = readString(from);
+        unsigned int status = GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(daemonVersion) >= 8 ? readInt(from) : 1;
+        throw Error(format("%1%") % error, status);
+    }
+    else if (msg != STDERR_LAST)
+        throw Error("protocol error processing standard error");
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/remote-store.hh b/nix/libstore/remote-store.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04b60fce4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/remote-store.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "store-api.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+class Pipe;
+class Pid;
+struct FdSink;
+struct FdSource;
+
+
+class RemoteStore : public StoreAPI
+{
+public:
+
+    RemoteStore();
+
+    ~RemoteStore();
+    
+    /* Implementations of abstract store API methods. */
+    
+    bool isValidPath(const Path & path);
+
+    PathSet queryValidPaths(const PathSet & paths);
+    
+    PathSet queryAllValidPaths();
+    
+    ValidPathInfo queryPathInfo(const Path & path);
+
+    Hash queryPathHash(const Path & path);
+
+    void queryReferences(const Path & path, PathSet & references);
+
+    void queryReferrers(const Path & path, PathSet & referrers);
+
+    Path queryDeriver(const Path & path);
+    
+    PathSet queryValidDerivers(const Path & path);
+
+    PathSet queryDerivationOutputs(const Path & path);
+    
+    StringSet queryDerivationOutputNames(const Path & path);
+
+    Path queryPathFromHashPart(const string & hashPart);
+    
+    PathSet querySubstitutablePaths(const PathSet & paths);
+    
+    void querySubstitutablePathInfos(const PathSet & paths,
+        SubstitutablePathInfos & infos);
+    
+    Path addToStore(const Path & srcPath,
+        bool recursive = true, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256,
+        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, bool repair = false);
+
+    Path addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
+        const PathSet & references, bool repair = false);
+
+    void exportPath(const Path & path, bool sign,
+        Sink & sink);
+
+    Paths importPaths(bool requireSignature, Source & source);
+    
+    void buildPaths(const PathSet & paths, BuildMode buildMode);
+
+    void ensurePath(const Path & path);
+
+    void addTempRoot(const Path & path);
+
+    void addIndirectRoot(const Path & path);
+    
+    void syncWithGC();
+    
+    Roots findRoots();
+
+    void collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results);
+    
+    PathSet queryFailedPaths();
+
+    void clearFailedPaths(const PathSet & paths);
+    
+private:
+    AutoCloseFD fdSocket;
+    FdSink to;
+    FdSource from;
+    Pid child;
+    unsigned int daemonVersion;
+    bool initialised;
+
+    void openConnection(bool reserveSpace = true);
+
+    void processStderr(Sink * sink = 0, Source * source = 0);
+
+    void connectToDaemon();
+
+    void setOptions();
+};
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/schema.sql b/nix/libstore/schema.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1b4a689af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/schema.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+create table if not exists ValidPaths (
+    id               integer primary key autoincrement not null,
+    path             text unique not null,
+    hash             text not null,
+    registrationTime integer not null,
+    deriver          text,
+    narSize          integer
+);
+
+create table if not exists Refs (
+    referrer  integer not null,
+    reference integer not null,
+    primary key (referrer, reference),
+    foreign key (referrer) references ValidPaths(id) on delete cascade,
+    foreign key (reference) references ValidPaths(id) on delete restrict
+);
+
+create index if not exists IndexReferrer on Refs(referrer);
+create index if not exists IndexReference on Refs(reference);
+
+-- Paths can refer to themselves, causing a tuple (N, N) in the Refs
+-- table.  This causes a deletion of the corresponding row in
+-- ValidPaths to cause a foreign key constraint violation (due to `on
+-- delete restrict' on the `reference' column).  Therefore, explicitly
+-- get rid of self-references.
+create trigger if not exists DeleteSelfRefs before delete on ValidPaths
+  begin
+    delete from Refs where referrer = old.id and reference = old.id;
+  end;
+
+create table if not exists DerivationOutputs (
+    drv  integer not null,
+    id   text not null, -- symbolic output id, usually "out"
+    path text not null,
+    primary key (drv, id),
+    foreign key (drv) references ValidPaths(id) on delete cascade
+);
+
+create index if not exists IndexDerivationOutputs on DerivationOutputs(path);
+
+create table if not exists FailedPaths (
+    path text primary key not null,
+    time integer not null
+);
diff --git a/nix/libstore/store-api.cc b/nix/libstore/store-api.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0238e5b0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/store-api.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+
+#include <climits>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+GCOptions::GCOptions()
+{
+    action = gcDeleteDead;
+    ignoreLiveness = false;
+    maxFreed = ULLONG_MAX;
+}
+
+
+bool isInStore(const Path & path)
+{
+    return isInDir(path, settings.nixStore);
+}
+
+
+bool isStorePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    return isInStore(path)
+        && path.find('/', settings.nixStore.size() + 1) == Path::npos;
+}
+
+
+void assertStorePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    if (!isStorePath(path))
+        throw Error(format("path `%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+}
+
+
+Path toStorePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    if (!isInStore(path))
+        throw Error(format("path `%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+    Path::size_type slash = path.find('/', settings.nixStore.size() + 1);
+    if (slash == Path::npos)
+        return path;
+    else
+        return Path(path, 0, slash);
+}
+
+
+Path followLinksToStore(const Path & _path)
+{
+    Path path = absPath(_path);
+    while (!isInStore(path)) {
+        if (!isLink(path)) break;
+        string target = readLink(path);
+        path = absPath(target, dirOf(path));
+    }
+    if (!isInStore(path))
+        throw Error(format("path `%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+    return path;
+}
+
+
+Path followLinksToStorePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    return toStorePath(followLinksToStore(path));
+}
+
+
+string storePathToName(const Path & path)
+{
+    assertStorePath(path);
+    return string(path, settings.nixStore.size() + 34);
+}
+
+
+void checkStoreName(const string & name)
+{
+    string validChars = "+-._?=";
+    /* Disallow names starting with a dot for possible security
+       reasons (e.g., "." and ".."). */
+    if (string(name, 0, 1) == ".")
+        throw Error(format("illegal name: `%1%'") % name);
+    foreach (string::const_iterator, i, name)
+        if (!((*i >= 'A' && *i <= 'Z') ||
+              (*i >= 'a' && *i <= 'z') ||
+              (*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') ||
+              validChars.find(*i) != string::npos))
+        {
+            throw Error(format("invalid character `%1%' in name `%2%'")
+                % *i % name);
+        }
+}
+
+
+/* Store paths have the following form:
+
+   <store>/<h>-<name>
+
+   where
+
+   <store> = the location of the Nix store, usually /nix/store
+   
+   <name> = a human readable name for the path, typically obtained
+     from the name attribute of the derivation, or the name of the
+     source file from which the store path is created.  For derivation
+     outputs other than the default "out" output, the string "-<id>"
+     is suffixed to <name>.
+     
+   <h> = base-32 representation of the first 160 bits of a SHA-256
+     hash of <s>; the hash part of the store name
+     
+   <s> = the string "<type>:sha256:<h2>:<store>:<name>";
+     note that it includes the location of the store as well as the
+     name to make sure that changes to either of those are reflected
+     in the hash (e.g. you won't get /nix/store/<h>-name1 and
+     /nix/store/<h>-name2 with equal hash parts).
+     
+   <type> = one of:
+     "text:<r1>:<r2>:...<rN>"
+       for plain text files written to the store using
+       addTextToStore(); <r1> ... <rN> are the references of the
+       path.
+     "source"
+       for paths copied to the store using addToStore() when recursive
+       = true and hashAlgo = "sha256"
+     "output:<id>"
+       for either the outputs created by derivations, OR paths copied
+       to the store using addToStore() with recursive != true or
+       hashAlgo != "sha256" (in that case "source" is used; it's
+       silly, but it's done that way for compatibility).  <id> is the
+       name of the output (usually, "out").
+
+   <h2> = base-16 representation of a SHA-256 hash of:
+     if <type> = "text:...":
+       the string written to the resulting store path
+     if <type> = "source":
+       the serialisation of the path from which this store path is
+       copied, as returned by hashPath()
+     if <type> = "output:out":
+       for non-fixed derivation outputs:
+         the derivation (see hashDerivationModulo() in
+         primops.cc)
+       for paths copied by addToStore() or produced by fixed-output
+       derivations:
+         the string "fixed:out:<rec><algo>:<hash>:", where
+           <rec> = "r:" for recursive (path) hashes, or "" or flat
+             (file) hashes
+           <algo> = "md5", "sha1" or "sha256"
+           <hash> = base-16 representation of the path or flat hash of
+             the contents of the path (or expected contents of the
+             path for fixed-output derivations)
+
+   It would have been nicer to handle fixed-output derivations under
+   "source", e.g. have something like "source:<rec><algo>", but we're
+   stuck with this for now...
+
+   The main reason for this way of computing names is to prevent name
+   collisions (for security).  For instance, it shouldn't be feasible
+   to come up with a derivation whose output path collides with the
+   path for a copied source.  The former would have a <s> starting with
+   "output:out:", while the latter would have a <2> starting with
+   "source:".
+*/
+
+
+Path makeStorePath(const string & type,
+    const Hash & hash, const string & name)
+{
+    /* e.g., "source:sha256:1abc...:/nix/store:foo.tar.gz" */
+    string s = type + ":sha256:" + printHash(hash) + ":"
+        + settings.nixStore + ":" + name;
+
+    checkStoreName(name);
+
+    return settings.nixStore + "/"
+        + printHash32(compressHash(hashString(htSHA256, s), 20))
+        + "-" + name;
+}
+
+
+Path makeOutputPath(const string & id,
+    const Hash & hash, const string & name)
+{
+    return makeStorePath("output:" + id, hash,
+        name + (id == "out" ? "" : "-" + id));
+}
+
+
+Path makeFixedOutputPath(bool recursive,
+    HashType hashAlgo, Hash hash, string name)
+{
+    return hashAlgo == htSHA256 && recursive
+        ? makeStorePath("source", hash, name)
+        : makeStorePath("output:out", hashString(htSHA256,
+                "fixed:out:" + (recursive ? (string) "r:" : "") +
+                printHashType(hashAlgo) + ":" + printHash(hash) + ":"),
+            name);
+}
+
+
+std::pair<Path, Hash> computeStorePathForPath(const Path & srcPath,
+    bool recursive, HashType hashAlgo, PathFilter & filter)
+{
+    HashType ht(hashAlgo);
+    Hash h = recursive ? hashPath(ht, srcPath, filter).first : hashFile(ht, srcPath);
+    string name = baseNameOf(srcPath);
+    Path dstPath = makeFixedOutputPath(recursive, hashAlgo, h, name);
+    return std::pair<Path, Hash>(dstPath, h);
+}
+
+
+Path computeStorePathForText(const string & name, const string & s,
+    const PathSet & references)
+{
+    Hash hash = hashString(htSHA256, s);
+    /* Stuff the references (if any) into the type.  This is a bit
+       hacky, but we can't put them in `s' since that would be
+       ambiguous. */
+    string type = "text";
+    foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, references) {
+        type += ":";
+        type += *i;
+    }
+    return makeStorePath(type, hash, name);
+}
+
+
+/* Return a string accepted by decodeValidPathInfo() that
+   registers the specified paths as valid.  Note: it's the
+   responsibility of the caller to provide a closure. */
+string StoreAPI::makeValidityRegistration(const PathSet & paths,
+    bool showDerivers, bool showHash)
+{
+    string s = "";
+    
+    foreach (PathSet::iterator, i, paths) {
+        s += *i + "\n";
+
+        ValidPathInfo info = queryPathInfo(*i);
+
+        if (showHash) {
+            s += printHash(info.hash) + "\n";
+            s += (format("%1%\n") % info.narSize).str();
+        }
+
+        Path deriver = showDerivers ? info.deriver : "";
+        s += deriver + "\n";
+
+        s += (format("%1%\n") % info.references.size()).str();
+
+        foreach (PathSet::iterator, j, info.references)
+            s += *j + "\n";
+    }
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+ValidPathInfo decodeValidPathInfo(std::istream & str, bool hashGiven)
+{
+    ValidPathInfo info;
+    getline(str, info.path);
+    if (str.eof()) { info.path = ""; return info; }
+    if (hashGiven) {
+        string s;
+        getline(str, s);
+        info.hash = parseHash(htSHA256, s);
+        getline(str, s);
+        if (!string2Int(s, info.narSize)) throw Error("number expected");
+    }
+    getline(str, info.deriver);
+    string s; int n;
+    getline(str, s);
+    if (!string2Int(s, n)) throw Error("number expected");
+    while (n--) {
+        getline(str, s);
+        info.references.insert(s);
+    }
+    if (!str || str.eof()) throw Error("missing input");
+    return info;
+}
+
+
+string showPaths(const PathSet & paths)
+{
+    string s;
+    foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, paths) {
+        if (s.size() != 0) s += ", ";
+        s += "`" + *i + "'";
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+void exportPaths(StoreAPI & store, const Paths & paths,
+    bool sign, Sink & sink)
+{
+    foreach (Paths::const_iterator, i, paths) {
+        writeInt(1, sink);
+        store.exportPath(*i, sign, sink);
+    }
+    writeInt(0, sink);
+}
+
+
+}
+
+
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "serialise.hh"
+#include "remote-store.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> store;
+
+
+std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> openStore(bool reserveSpace)
+{
+    if (getEnv("NIX_REMOTE") == "")
+        return std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI>(new LocalStore(reserveSpace));
+    else
+        return std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI>(new RemoteStore());
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/store-api.hh b/nix/libstore/store-api.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b635fee2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/store-api.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hash.hh"
+#include "serialise.hh"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+typedef std::map<Path, Path> Roots;
+
+
+struct GCOptions
+{
+    /* Garbage collector operation:
+
+       - `gcReturnLive': return the set of paths reachable from
+         (i.e. in the closure of) the roots.
+
+       - `gcReturnDead': return the set of paths not reachable from
+         the roots.
+
+       - `gcDeleteDead': actually delete the latter set.
+
+       - `gcDeleteSpecific': delete the paths listed in
+          `pathsToDelete', insofar as they are not reachable.
+    */
+    typedef enum {
+        gcReturnLive,
+        gcReturnDead,
+        gcDeleteDead,
+        gcDeleteSpecific,
+    } GCAction;
+
+    GCAction action;
+
+    /* If `ignoreLiveness' is set, then reachability from the roots is
+       ignored (dangerous!).  However, the paths must still be
+       unreferenced *within* the store (i.e., there can be no other
+       store paths that depend on them). */
+    bool ignoreLiveness;
+
+    /* For `gcDeleteSpecific', the paths to delete. */
+    PathSet pathsToDelete;
+
+    /* Stop after at least `maxFreed' bytes have been freed. */
+    unsigned long long maxFreed;
+
+    GCOptions();
+};
+
+
+struct GCResults 
+{
+    /* Depending on the action, the GC roots, or the paths that would
+       be or have been deleted. */
+    PathSet paths;
+
+    /* For `gcReturnDead', `gcDeleteDead' and `gcDeleteSpecific', the
+       number of bytes that would be or was freed. */
+    unsigned long long bytesFreed;
+
+    GCResults()
+    {
+        bytesFreed = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+
+struct SubstitutablePathInfo
+{
+    Path deriver;
+    PathSet references;
+    unsigned long long downloadSize; /* 0 = unknown or inapplicable */
+    unsigned long long narSize; /* 0 = unknown */
+};
+
+typedef std::map<Path, SubstitutablePathInfo> SubstitutablePathInfos;
+
+
+struct ValidPathInfo 
+{
+    Path path;
+    Path deriver;
+    Hash hash;
+    PathSet references;
+    time_t registrationTime;
+    unsigned long long narSize; // 0 = unknown
+    unsigned long long id; // internal use only
+    ValidPathInfo() : registrationTime(0), narSize(0) { }
+};
+
+typedef list<ValidPathInfo> ValidPathInfos;
+
+
+enum BuildMode { bmNormal, bmRepair, bmCheck };
+
+
+class StoreAPI 
+{
+public:
+
+    virtual ~StoreAPI() { }
+
+    /* Check whether a path is valid. */ 
+    virtual bool isValidPath(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Query which of the given paths is valid. */
+    virtual PathSet queryValidPaths(const PathSet & paths) = 0;
+
+    /* Query the set of all valid paths. */
+    virtual PathSet queryAllValidPaths() = 0;
+
+    /* Query information about a valid path. */
+    virtual ValidPathInfo queryPathInfo(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Query the hash of a valid path. */ 
+    virtual Hash queryPathHash(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Query the set of outgoing FS references for a store path.  The
+       result is not cleared. */
+    virtual void queryReferences(const Path & path,
+        PathSet & references) = 0;
+
+    /* Queries the set of incoming FS references for a store path.
+       The result is not cleared. */
+    virtual void queryReferrers(const Path & path,
+        PathSet & referrers) = 0;
+
+    /* Query the deriver of a store path.  Return the empty string if
+       no deriver has been set. */
+    virtual Path queryDeriver(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Return all currently valid derivations that have `path' as an
+       output.  (Note that the result of `queryDeriver()' is the
+       derivation that was actually used to produce `path', which may
+       not exist anymore.) */
+    virtual PathSet queryValidDerivers(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Query the outputs of the derivation denoted by `path'. */
+    virtual PathSet queryDerivationOutputs(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Query the output names of the derivation denoted by `path'. */
+    virtual StringSet queryDerivationOutputNames(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Query the full store path given the hash part of a valid store
+       path, or "" if the path doesn't exist. */
+    virtual Path queryPathFromHashPart(const string & hashPart) = 0;
+    
+    /* Query which of the given paths have substitutes. */
+    virtual PathSet querySubstitutablePaths(const PathSet & paths) = 0;
+
+    /* Query substitute info (i.e. references, derivers and download
+       sizes) of a set of paths.  If a path does not have substitute
+       info, it's omitted from the resulting ‘infos’ map. */
+    virtual void querySubstitutablePathInfos(const PathSet & paths,
+        SubstitutablePathInfos & infos) = 0;
+    
+    /* Copy the contents of a path to the store and register the
+       validity the resulting path.  The resulting path is returned.
+       The function object `filter' can be used to exclude files (see
+       libutil/archive.hh). */
+    virtual Path addToStore(const Path & srcPath,
+        bool recursive = true, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256,
+        PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter, bool repair = false) = 0;
+
+    /* Like addToStore, but the contents written to the output path is
+       a regular file containing the given string. */
+    virtual Path addTextToStore(const string & name, const string & s,
+        const PathSet & references, bool repair = false) = 0;
+
+    /* Export a store path, that is, create a NAR dump of the store
+       path and append its references and its deriver.  Optionally, a
+       cryptographic signature (created by OpenSSL) of the preceding
+       data is attached. */
+    virtual void exportPath(const Path & path, bool sign,
+        Sink & sink) = 0;
+
+    /* Import a sequence of NAR dumps created by exportPaths() into
+       the Nix store. */
+    virtual Paths importPaths(bool requireSignature, Source & source) = 0;
+
+    /* For each path, if it's a derivation, build it.  Building a
+       derivation means ensuring that the output paths are valid.  If
+       they are already valid, this is a no-op.  Otherwise, validity
+       can be reached in two ways.  First, if the output paths is
+       substitutable, then build the path that way.  Second, the
+       output paths can be created by running the builder, after
+       recursively building any sub-derivations. For inputs that are
+       not derivations, substitute them. */
+    virtual void buildPaths(const PathSet & paths, BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal) = 0;
+
+    /* Ensure that a path is valid.  If it is not currently valid, it
+       may be made valid by running a substitute (if defined for the
+       path). */
+    virtual void ensurePath(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Add a store path as a temporary root of the garbage collector.
+       The root disappears as soon as we exit. */
+    virtual void addTempRoot(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Add an indirect root, which is merely a symlink to `path' from
+       /nix/var/nix/gcroots/auto/<hash of `path'>.  `path' is supposed
+       to be a symlink to a store path.  The garbage collector will
+       automatically remove the indirect root when it finds that
+       `path' has disappeared. */
+    virtual void addIndirectRoot(const Path & path) = 0;
+
+    /* Acquire the global GC lock, then immediately release it.  This
+       function must be called after registering a new permanent root,
+       but before exiting.  Otherwise, it is possible that a running
+       garbage collector doesn't see the new root and deletes the
+       stuff we've just built.  By acquiring the lock briefly, we
+       ensure that either:
+
+       - The collector is already running, and so we block until the
+         collector is finished.  The collector will know about our
+         *temporary* locks, which should include whatever it is we
+         want to register as a permanent lock.
+
+       - The collector isn't running, or it's just started but hasn't
+         acquired the GC lock yet.  In that case we get and release
+         the lock right away, then exit.  The collector scans the
+         permanent root and sees our's.
+
+       In either case the permanent root is seen by the collector. */
+    virtual void syncWithGC() = 0;
+
+    /* Find the roots of the garbage collector.  Each root is a pair
+       (link, storepath) where `link' is the path of the symlink
+       outside of the Nix store that point to `storePath'.  */
+    virtual Roots findRoots() = 0;
+
+    /* Perform a garbage collection. */
+    virtual void collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results) = 0;
+
+    /* Return the set of paths that have failed to build.*/
+    virtual PathSet queryFailedPaths() = 0;
+
+    /* Clear the "failed" status of the given paths.  The special
+       value `*' causes all failed paths to be cleared. */
+    virtual void clearFailedPaths(const PathSet & paths) = 0;
+
+    /* Return a string representing information about the path that
+       can be loaded into the database using `nix-store --load-db' or
+       `nix-store --register-validity'. */
+    string makeValidityRegistration(const PathSet & paths,
+        bool showDerivers, bool showHash);
+};
+
+
+/* !!! These should be part of the store API, I guess. */
+
+/* Throw an exception if `path' is not directly in the Nix store. */
+void assertStorePath(const Path & path);
+
+bool isInStore(const Path & path);
+bool isStorePath(const Path & path);
+
+/* Extract the name part of the given store path. */
+string storePathToName(const Path & path);
+    
+void checkStoreName(const string & name);
+
+
+/* Chop off the parts after the top-level store name, e.g.,
+   /nix/store/abcd-foo/bar => /nix/store/abcd-foo. */
+Path toStorePath(const Path & path);
+
+
+/* Follow symlinks until we end up with a path in the Nix store. */
+Path followLinksToStore(const Path & path);
+
+
+/* Same as followLinksToStore(), but apply toStorePath() to the
+   result. */
+Path followLinksToStorePath(const Path & path);
+
+
+/* Constructs a unique store path name. */
+Path makeStorePath(const string & type,
+    const Hash & hash, const string & name);
+    
+Path makeOutputPath(const string & id,
+    const Hash & hash, const string & name);
+
+Path makeFixedOutputPath(bool recursive,
+    HashType hashAlgo, Hash hash, string name);
+
+
+/* This is the preparatory part of addToStore() and addToStoreFixed();
+   it computes the store path to which srcPath is to be copied.
+   Returns the store path and the cryptographic hash of the
+   contents of srcPath. */
+std::pair<Path, Hash> computeStorePathForPath(const Path & srcPath,
+    bool recursive = true, HashType hashAlgo = htSHA256,
+    PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter);
+
+/* Preparatory part of addTextToStore().
+
+   !!! Computation of the path should take the references given to
+   addTextToStore() into account, otherwise we have a (relatively
+   minor) security hole: a caller can register a source file with
+   bogus references.  If there are too many references, the path may
+   not be garbage collected when it has to be (not really a problem,
+   the caller could create a root anyway), or it may be garbage
+   collected when it shouldn't be (more serious).
+
+   Hashing the references would solve this (bogus references would
+   simply yield a different store path, so other users wouldn't be
+   affected), but it has some backwards compatibility issues (the
+   hashing scheme changes), so I'm not doing that for now. */
+Path computeStorePathForText(const string & name, const string & s,
+    const PathSet & references);
+
+
+/* Remove the temporary roots file for this process.  Any temporary
+   root becomes garbage after this point unless it has been registered
+   as a (permanent) root. */
+void removeTempRoots();
+
+
+/* Register a permanent GC root. */
+Path addPermRoot(StoreAPI & store, const Path & storePath,
+    const Path & gcRoot, bool indirect, bool allowOutsideRootsDir = false);
+
+
+/* Sort a set of paths topologically under the references relation.
+   If p refers to q, then p preceeds q in this list. */
+Paths topoSortPaths(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths);
+
+
+/* For now, there is a single global store API object, but we'll
+   purify that in the future. */
+extern std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> store;
+
+
+/* Factory method: open the Nix database, either through the local or
+   remote implementation. */
+std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> openStore(bool reserveSpace = true);
+
+
+/* Display a set of paths in human-readable form (i.e., between quotes
+   and separated by commas). */
+string showPaths(const PathSet & paths);
+
+
+ValidPathInfo decodeValidPathInfo(std::istream & str,
+    bool hashGiven = false);
+
+
+/* Export multiple paths in the format expected by ‘nix-store
+   --import’. */
+void exportPaths(StoreAPI & store, const Paths & paths,
+    bool sign, Sink & sink);
+
+
+MakeError(SubstError, Error)
+MakeError(BuildError, Error) /* denotes a permanent build failure */
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libstore/worker-protocol.hh b/nix/libstore/worker-protocol.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9317f89c37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libstore/worker-protocol.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+#define WORKER_MAGIC_1 0x6e697863
+#define WORKER_MAGIC_2 0x6478696f
+
+#define PROTOCOL_VERSION 0x10e
+#define GET_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(x) ((x) & 0xff00)
+#define GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(x) ((x) & 0x00ff)
+
+
+typedef enum {
+    wopQuit = 0,
+    wopIsValidPath = 1,
+    wopHasSubstitutes = 3,
+    wopQueryPathHash = 4,
+    wopQueryReferences = 5,
+    wopQueryReferrers = 6,
+    wopAddToStore = 7,
+    wopAddTextToStore = 8,
+    wopBuildPaths = 9,
+    wopEnsurePath = 10,
+    wopAddTempRoot = 11,
+    wopAddIndirectRoot = 12,
+    wopSyncWithGC = 13,
+    wopFindRoots = 14,
+    wopExportPath = 16,
+    wopQueryDeriver = 18,
+    wopSetOptions = 19,
+    wopCollectGarbage = 20,
+    wopQuerySubstitutablePathInfo = 21,
+    wopQueryDerivationOutputs = 22,
+    wopQueryAllValidPaths = 23,
+    wopQueryFailedPaths = 24,
+    wopClearFailedPaths = 25,
+    wopQueryPathInfo = 26,
+    wopImportPaths = 27,
+    wopQueryDerivationOutputNames = 28,
+    wopQueryPathFromHashPart = 29,
+    wopQuerySubstitutablePathInfos = 30,
+    wopQueryValidPaths = 31,
+    wopQuerySubstitutablePaths = 32,
+    wopQueryValidDerivers = 33,
+} WorkerOp;
+
+
+#define STDERR_NEXT  0x6f6c6d67
+#define STDERR_READ  0x64617461 // data needed from source
+#define STDERR_WRITE 0x64617416 // data for sink
+#define STDERR_LAST  0x616c7473
+#define STDERR_ERROR 0x63787470
+
+
+Path readStorePath(Source & from);
+template<class T> T readStorePaths(Source & from);
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/affinity.cc b/nix/libutil/affinity.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e21f43a2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/affinity.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "types.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "affinity.hh"
+
+#if HAVE_SCHED_H
+#include <sched.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+#if HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
+static bool didSaveAffinity = false;
+static cpu_set_t savedAffinity;
+#endif
+
+
+void setAffinityTo(int cpu)
+{
+#if HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
+    if (sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &savedAffinity) == -1) return;
+    didSaveAffinity = true;
+    printMsg(lvlDebug, format("locking this thread to CPU %1%") % cpu);
+    cpu_set_t newAffinity;
+    CPU_ZERO(&newAffinity);
+    CPU_SET(cpu, &newAffinity);
+    if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &newAffinity) == -1)
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("failed to lock thread to CPU %1%") % cpu);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+int lockToCurrentCPU()
+{
+#if HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
+    int cpu = sched_getcpu();
+    if (cpu != -1) setAffinityTo(cpu);
+    return cpu;
+#else
+    return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void restoreAffinity()
+{
+#if HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
+    if (!didSaveAffinity) return;
+    if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &savedAffinity) == -1)
+        printMsg(lvlError, "failed to restore affinity %1%");
+#endif
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/affinity.hh b/nix/libutil/affinity.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1bd28e136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/affinity.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nix {
+
+void setAffinityTo(int cpu);
+int lockToCurrentCPU();
+void restoreAffinity();
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/archive.cc b/nix/libutil/archive.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab4cd47351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/archive.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "archive.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+static string archiveVersion1 = "nix-archive-1";
+
+
+PathFilter defaultPathFilter;
+
+
+static void dump(const string & path, Sink & sink, PathFilter & filter);
+
+
+static void dumpEntries(const Path & path, Sink & sink, PathFilter & filter)
+{
+    Strings names = readDirectory(path);
+    vector<string> names2(names.begin(), names.end());
+    sort(names2.begin(), names2.end());
+
+    for (vector<string>::iterator i = names2.begin();
+         i != names2.end(); ++i)
+    {
+        Path entry = path + "/" + *i;
+        if (filter(entry)) {
+            writeString("entry", sink);
+            writeString("(", sink);
+            writeString("name", sink);
+            writeString(*i, sink);
+            writeString("node", sink);
+            dump(entry, sink, filter);
+            writeString(")", sink);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpContents(const Path & path, size_t size, 
+    Sink & sink)
+{
+    writeString("contents", sink);
+    writeLongLong(size, sink);
+
+    AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd == -1) throw SysError(format("opening file `%1%'") % path);
+    
+    unsigned char buf[65536];
+    size_t left = size;
+
+    while (left > 0) {
+        size_t n = left > sizeof(buf) ? sizeof(buf) : left;
+        readFull(fd, buf, n);
+        left -= n;
+        sink(buf, n);
+    }
+
+    writePadding(size, sink);
+}
+
+
+static void dump(const Path & path, Sink & sink, PathFilter & filter)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path `%1%'") % path);
+
+    writeString("(", sink);
+
+    if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+        writeString("type", sink);
+        writeString("regular", sink);
+        if (st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) {
+            writeString("executable", sink);
+            writeString("", sink);
+        }
+        dumpContents(path, (size_t) st.st_size, sink);
+    } 
+
+    else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+        writeString("type", sink);
+        writeString("directory", sink);
+        dumpEntries(path, sink, filter);
+    }
+
+    else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+        writeString("type", sink);
+        writeString("symlink", sink);
+        writeString("target", sink);
+        writeString(readLink(path), sink);
+    }
+
+    else throw Error(format("file `%1%' has an unknown type") % path);
+
+    writeString(")", sink);
+}
+
+
+void dumpPath(const Path & path, Sink & sink, PathFilter & filter)
+{
+    writeString(archiveVersion1, sink);
+    dump(path, sink, filter);
+}
+
+
+static SerialisationError badArchive(string s)
+{
+    return SerialisationError("bad archive: " + s);
+}
+
+
+static void skipGeneric(Source & source)
+{
+    if (readString(source) == "(") {
+        while (readString(source) != ")")
+            skipGeneric(source);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void parse(ParseSink & sink, Source & source, const Path & path);
+
+
+
+static void parseEntry(ParseSink & sink, Source & source, const Path & path)
+{
+    string s, name;
+
+    s = readString(source);
+    if (s != "(") throw badArchive("expected open tag");
+
+    while (1) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+
+        s = readString(source);
+
+        if (s == ")") {
+            break;
+        } else if (s == "name") {
+            name = readString(source);
+        } else if (s == "node") {
+            if (s == "") throw badArchive("entry name missing");
+            parse(sink, source, path + "/" + name);
+        } else {
+            throw badArchive("unknown field " + s);
+            skipGeneric(source);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void parseContents(ParseSink & sink, Source & source, const Path & path)
+{
+    unsigned long long size = readLongLong(source);
+    
+    sink.preallocateContents(size);
+
+    unsigned long long left = size;
+    unsigned char buf[65536];
+
+    while (left) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        unsigned int n = sizeof(buf);
+        if ((unsigned long long) n > left) n = left;
+        source(buf, n);
+        sink.receiveContents(buf, n);
+        left -= n;
+    }
+
+    readPadding(size, source);
+}
+
+
+static void parse(ParseSink & sink, Source & source, const Path & path)
+{
+    string s;
+
+    s = readString(source);
+    if (s != "(") throw badArchive("expected open tag");
+
+    enum { tpUnknown, tpRegular, tpDirectory, tpSymlink } type = tpUnknown;
+
+    while (1) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+
+        s = readString(source);
+
+        if (s == ")") {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        else if (s == "type") {
+            if (type != tpUnknown)
+                throw badArchive("multiple type fields");
+            string t = readString(source);
+
+            if (t == "regular") {
+                type = tpRegular;
+                sink.createRegularFile(path);
+            }
+
+            else if (t == "directory") {
+                sink.createDirectory(path);
+                type = tpDirectory;
+            }
+
+            else if (t == "symlink") {
+                type = tpSymlink;
+            }
+            
+            else throw badArchive("unknown file type " + t);
+            
+        }
+
+        else if (s == "contents" && type == tpRegular) {
+            parseContents(sink, source, path);
+        }
+
+        else if (s == "executable" && type == tpRegular) {
+            readString(source);
+            sink.isExecutable();
+        }
+
+        else if (s == "entry" && type == tpDirectory) {
+            parseEntry(sink, source, path);
+        }
+
+        else if (s == "target" && type == tpSymlink) {
+            string target = readString(source);
+            sink.createSymlink(path, target);
+        }
+
+        else {
+            throw badArchive("unknown field " + s);
+            skipGeneric(source);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void parseDump(ParseSink & sink, Source & source)
+{
+    string version;    
+    try {
+        version = readString(source);
+    } catch (SerialisationError & e) {
+        /* This generally means the integer at the start couldn't be
+           decoded.  Ignore and throw the exception below. */
+    }
+    if (version != archiveVersion1)
+        throw badArchive("input doesn't look like a Nix archive");
+    parse(sink, source, "");
+}
+
+
+struct RestoreSink : ParseSink
+{
+    Path dstPath;
+    AutoCloseFD fd;
+
+    void createDirectory(const Path & path)
+    {
+        Path p = dstPath + path;
+        if (mkdir(p.c_str(), 0777) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("creating directory `%1%'") % p);
+    };
+
+    void createRegularFile(const Path & path)
+    {
+        Path p = dstPath + path;
+        fd.close();
+        fd = open(p.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
+        if (fd == -1) throw SysError(format("creating file `%1%'") % p);
+    }
+
+    void isExecutable()
+    {
+        struct stat st;
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1)
+            throw SysError("fstat");
+        if (fchmod(fd, st.st_mode | (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)) == -1)
+            throw SysError("fchmod");
+    }
+
+    void preallocateContents(unsigned long long len)
+    {
+#if HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
+        if (len) {
+            errno = posix_fallocate(fd, 0, len);
+            /* Note that EINVAL may indicate that the underlying
+               filesystem doesn't support preallocation (e.g. on
+               OpenSolaris).  Since preallocation is just an
+               optimisation, ignore it. */
+            if (errno && errno != EINVAL)
+                throw SysError(format("preallocating file of %1% bytes") % len);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void receiveContents(unsigned char * data, unsigned int len)
+    {
+        writeFull(fd, data, len);
+    }
+
+    void createSymlink(const Path & path, const string & target)
+    {
+        Path p = dstPath + path;
+        nix::createSymlink(target, p);
+    }
+};
+
+ 
+void restorePath(const Path & path, Source & source)
+{
+    RestoreSink sink;
+    sink.dstPath = path;
+    parseDump(sink, source);
+}
+
+ 
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/archive.hh b/nix/libutil/archive.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ccac92074d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/archive.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+#include "serialise.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* dumpPath creates a Nix archive of the specified path.  The format
+   is as follows:
+
+   IF path points to a REGULAR FILE:
+     dump(path) = attrs(
+       [ ("type", "regular")
+       , ("contents", contents(path))
+       ])
+
+   IF path points to a DIRECTORY:
+     dump(path) = attrs(
+       [ ("type", "directory")
+       , ("entries", concat(map(f, sort(entries(path)))))
+       ])
+       where f(fn) = attrs(
+         [ ("name", fn)
+         , ("file", dump(path + "/" + fn))
+         ])
+
+   where:
+
+     attrs(as) = concat(map(attr, as)) + encN(0) 
+     attrs((a, b)) = encS(a) + encS(b)
+
+     encS(s) = encN(len(s)) + s + (padding until next 64-bit boundary)
+
+     encN(n) = 64-bit little-endian encoding of n.
+
+     contents(path) = the contents of a regular file.
+
+     sort(strings) = lexicographic sort by 8-bit value (strcmp).
+
+     entries(path) = the entries of a directory, without `.' and
+     `..'.
+
+     `+' denotes string concatenation. */
+
+struct PathFilter
+{
+    virtual ~PathFilter() { }
+    virtual bool operator () (const Path & path) { return true; }
+};
+
+extern PathFilter defaultPathFilter;
+
+void dumpPath(const Path & path, Sink & sink,
+    PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter);
+
+struct ParseSink
+{
+    virtual void createDirectory(const Path & path) { };
+    
+    virtual void createRegularFile(const Path & path) { };
+    virtual void isExecutable() { };
+    virtual void preallocateContents(unsigned long long size) { };
+    virtual void receiveContents(unsigned char * data, unsigned int len) { };
+
+    virtual void createSymlink(const Path & path, const string & target) { };
+};
+    
+void parseDump(ParseSink & sink, Source & source);
+
+void restorePath(const Path & path, Source & source);
+
+ 
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/hash.cc b/nix/libutil/hash.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..050446610f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/hash.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+#include <openssl/md5.h>
+#include <openssl/sha.h>
+#else
+extern "C" {
+#include "md5.h"
+#include "sha1.h"
+#include "sha256.h"
+}
+#endif
+
+#include "hash.hh"
+#include "archive.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+Hash::Hash()
+{
+    type = htUnknown;
+    hashSize = 0;
+    memset(hash, 0, maxHashSize);
+}
+
+
+Hash::Hash(HashType type)
+{
+    this->type = type;
+    if (type == htMD5) hashSize = md5HashSize;
+    else if (type == htSHA1) hashSize = sha1HashSize;
+    else if (type == htSHA256) hashSize = sha256HashSize;
+    else throw Error("unknown hash type");
+    assert(hashSize <= maxHashSize);
+    memset(hash, 0, maxHashSize);
+}
+
+
+bool Hash::operator == (const Hash & h2) const
+{
+    if (hashSize != h2.hashSize) return false;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hashSize; i++)
+        if (hash[i] != h2.hash[i]) return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool Hash::operator != (const Hash & h2) const
+{
+    return !(*this == h2);
+}
+
+
+bool Hash::operator < (const Hash & h) const
+{
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hashSize; i++) {
+        if (hash[i] < h.hash[i]) return true;
+        if (hash[i] > h.hash[i]) return false;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+const string base16Chars = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+
+string printHash(const Hash & hash)
+{
+    char buf[hash.hashSize * 2];
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hash.hashSize; i++) {
+        buf[i * 2] = base16Chars[hash.hash[i] >> 4];
+        buf[i * 2 + 1] = base16Chars[hash.hash[i] & 0x0f];
+    }
+    return string(buf, hash.hashSize * 2);
+}
+
+    
+Hash parseHash(HashType ht, const string & s)
+{
+    Hash hash(ht);
+    if (s.length() != hash.hashSize * 2)
+        throw Error(format("invalid hash `%1%'") % s);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hash.hashSize; i++) {
+        string s2(s, i * 2, 2);
+        if (!isxdigit(s2[0]) || !isxdigit(s2[1])) 
+            throw Error(format("invalid hash `%1%'") % s);
+        std::istringstream str(s2);
+        int n;
+        str >> std::hex >> n;
+        hash.hash[i] = n;
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+static unsigned char divMod(unsigned char * bytes, unsigned char y)
+{
+    unsigned int borrow = 0;
+
+    int pos = Hash::maxHashSize - 1;
+    while (pos >= 0 && !bytes[pos]) --pos;
+
+    for ( ; pos >= 0; --pos) {
+        unsigned int s = bytes[pos] + (borrow << 8);
+        unsigned int d = s / y;
+        borrow = s % y;
+        bytes[pos] = d;
+    }
+
+    return borrow;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int hashLength32(const Hash & hash)
+{
+    return (hash.hashSize * 8 - 1) / 5 + 1;
+}
+
+
+// omitted: E O U T
+const string base32Chars = "0123456789abcdfghijklmnpqrsvwxyz";
+
+
+string printHash32(const Hash & hash)
+{
+    Hash hash2(hash);
+    unsigned int len = hashLength32(hash);
+
+    const char * chars = base32Chars.data();
+    
+    string s(len, '0');
+
+    int pos = len - 1;
+    while (pos >= 0) {
+        unsigned char digit = divMod(hash2.hash, 32);
+        s[pos--] = chars[digit];
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hash2.maxHashSize; ++i)
+        assert(hash2.hash[i] == 0);
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+string printHash16or32(const Hash & hash)
+{
+    return hash.type == htMD5 ? printHash(hash) : printHash32(hash);
+}
+
+
+static bool mul(unsigned char * bytes, unsigned char y, int maxSize)
+{
+    unsigned char carry = 0;
+
+    for (int pos = 0; pos < maxSize; ++pos) {
+        unsigned int m = bytes[pos] * y + carry;
+        bytes[pos] = m & 0xff;
+        carry = m >> 8;
+    }
+
+    return carry;
+}
+
+
+static bool add(unsigned char * bytes, unsigned char y, int maxSize)
+{
+    unsigned char carry = y;
+
+    for (int pos = 0; pos < maxSize; ++pos) {
+        unsigned int m = bytes[pos] + carry;
+        bytes[pos] = m & 0xff;
+        carry = m >> 8;
+        if (carry == 0) break;
+    }
+
+    return carry;
+}
+
+
+Hash parseHash32(HashType ht, const string & s)
+{
+    Hash hash(ht);
+
+    const char * chars = base32Chars.data();
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
+        char c = s[i];
+        unsigned char digit;
+        for (digit = 0; digit < base32Chars.size(); ++digit) /* !!! slow */
+            if (chars[digit] == c) break;
+        if (digit >= 32)
+            throw Error(format("invalid base-32 hash `%1%'") % s);
+        if (mul(hash.hash, 32, hash.hashSize) ||
+            add(hash.hash, digit, hash.hashSize))
+            throw Error(format("base-32 hash `%1%' is too large") % s);
+    }
+
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+Hash parseHash16or32(HashType ht, const string & s)
+{
+    Hash hash(ht);
+    if (s.size() == hash.hashSize * 2)
+        /* hexadecimal representation */
+        hash = parseHash(ht, s);
+    else if (s.size() == hashLength32(hash))
+        /* base-32 representation */
+        hash = parseHash32(ht, s);
+    else
+        throw Error(format("hash `%1%' has wrong length for hash type `%2%'")
+            % s % printHashType(ht));
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+bool isHash(const string & s)
+{
+    if (s.length() != 32) return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        char c = s[i];
+        if (!((c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
+              (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')))
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+struct Ctx
+{
+    MD5_CTX md5;
+    SHA_CTX sha1;
+    SHA256_CTX sha256;
+};
+
+
+static void start(HashType ht, Ctx & ctx)
+{
+    if (ht == htMD5) MD5_Init(&ctx.md5);
+    else if (ht == htSHA1) SHA1_Init(&ctx.sha1);
+    else if (ht == htSHA256) SHA256_Init(&ctx.sha256);
+}
+
+
+static void update(HashType ht, Ctx & ctx,
+    const unsigned char * bytes, unsigned int len)
+{
+    if (ht == htMD5) MD5_Update(&ctx.md5, bytes, len);
+    else if (ht == htSHA1) SHA1_Update(&ctx.sha1, bytes, len);
+    else if (ht == htSHA256) SHA256_Update(&ctx.sha256, bytes, len);
+}
+
+
+static void finish(HashType ht, Ctx & ctx, unsigned char * hash)
+{
+    if (ht == htMD5) MD5_Final(hash, &ctx.md5);
+    else if (ht == htSHA1) SHA1_Final(hash, &ctx.sha1);
+    else if (ht == htSHA256) SHA256_Final(hash, &ctx.sha256);
+}
+
+
+Hash hashString(HashType ht, const string & s)
+{
+    Ctx ctx;
+    Hash hash(ht);
+    start(ht, ctx);
+    update(ht, ctx, (const unsigned char *) s.data(), s.length());
+    finish(ht, ctx, hash.hash);
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+Hash hashFile(HashType ht, const Path & path)
+{
+    Ctx ctx;
+    Hash hash(ht);
+    start(ht, ctx);
+
+    AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd == -1) throw SysError(format("opening file `%1%'") % path);
+
+    unsigned char buf[8192];
+    ssize_t n;
+    while ((n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)))) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        if (n == -1) throw SysError(format("reading file `%1%'") % path);
+        update(ht, ctx, buf, n);
+    }
+    
+    finish(ht, ctx, hash.hash);
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+HashSink::HashSink(HashType ht) : ht(ht)
+{
+    ctx = new Ctx;
+    bytes = 0;
+    start(ht, *ctx);
+}
+    
+HashSink::~HashSink()
+{
+    bufPos = 0;
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+void HashSink::write(const unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    bytes += len;
+    update(ht, *ctx, data, len);
+}
+
+HashResult HashSink::finish()
+{
+    flush();
+    Hash hash(ht);
+    nix::finish(ht, *ctx, hash.hash);
+    return HashResult(hash, bytes);
+}
+
+HashResult HashSink::currentHash()
+{
+    flush();
+    Ctx ctx2 = *ctx;
+    Hash hash(ht);
+    nix::finish(ht, ctx2, hash.hash);
+    return HashResult(hash, bytes);
+}
+
+
+HashResult hashPath(
+    HashType ht, const Path & path, PathFilter & filter)
+{
+    HashSink sink(ht);
+    dumpPath(path, sink, filter);
+    return sink.finish();
+}
+
+
+Hash compressHash(const Hash & hash, unsigned int newSize)
+{
+    Hash h;
+    h.hashSize = newSize;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hash.hashSize; ++i)
+        h.hash[i % newSize] ^= hash.hash[i];
+    return h;
+}
+
+
+HashType parseHashType(const string & s)
+{
+    if (s == "md5") return htMD5;
+    else if (s == "sha1") return htSHA1;
+    else if (s == "sha256") return htSHA256;
+    else return htUnknown;
+}
+
+ 
+string printHashType(HashType ht)
+{
+    if (ht == htMD5) return "md5";
+    else if (ht == htSHA1) return "sha1";
+    else if (ht == htSHA256) return "sha256";
+    else throw Error("cannot print unknown hash type");
+}
+
+ 
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/hash.hh b/nix/libutil/hash.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f099c4f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/hash.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+#include "serialise.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+typedef enum { htUnknown, htMD5, htSHA1, htSHA256 } HashType;
+
+
+const int md5HashSize = 16;
+const int sha1HashSize = 20;
+const int sha256HashSize = 32;
+
+extern const string base32Chars;
+
+
+struct Hash
+{
+    static const unsigned int maxHashSize = 32;
+    unsigned int hashSize;
+    unsigned char hash[maxHashSize];
+
+    HashType type;
+
+    /* Create an unusable hash object. */
+    Hash();
+
+    /* Create a zero-filled hash object. */
+    Hash(HashType type);
+
+    /* Check whether two hash are equal. */
+    bool operator == (const Hash & h2) const;
+
+    /* Check whether two hash are not equal. */
+    bool operator != (const Hash & h2) const;
+
+    /* For sorting. */
+    bool operator < (const Hash & h) const;
+};
+
+
+/* Convert a hash to a hexadecimal representation. */
+string printHash(const Hash & hash);
+
+/* Parse a hexadecimal representation of a hash code. */
+Hash parseHash(HashType ht, const string & s);
+
+/* Returns the length of a base-32 hash representation. */
+unsigned int hashLength32(const Hash & hash);
+
+/* Convert a hash to a base-32 representation. */
+string printHash32(const Hash & hash);
+
+/* Print a hash in base-16 if it's MD5, or base-32 otherwise. */
+string printHash16or32(const Hash & hash);
+
+/* Parse a base-32 representation of a hash code. */
+Hash parseHash32(HashType ht, const string & s);
+
+/* Parse a base-16 or base-32 representation of a hash code. */
+Hash parseHash16or32(HashType ht, const string & s);
+
+/* Verify that the given string is a valid hash code. */
+bool isHash(const string & s);
+
+/* Compute the hash of the given string. */
+Hash hashString(HashType ht, const string & s);
+
+/* Compute the hash of the given file. */
+Hash hashFile(HashType ht, const Path & path);
+
+/* Compute the hash of the given path.  The hash is defined as
+   (essentially) hashString(ht, dumpPath(path)). */
+struct PathFilter;
+extern PathFilter defaultPathFilter;
+typedef std::pair<Hash, unsigned long long> HashResult;
+HashResult hashPath(HashType ht, const Path & path,
+    PathFilter & filter = defaultPathFilter);
+
+/* Compress a hash to the specified number of bytes by cyclically
+   XORing bytes together. */
+Hash compressHash(const Hash & hash, unsigned int newSize);
+
+/* Parse a string representing a hash type. */
+HashType parseHashType(const string & s);
+
+/* And the reverse. */
+string printHashType(HashType ht);
+
+
+struct Ctx;
+
+class HashSink : public BufferedSink
+{
+private:
+    HashType ht;
+    Ctx * ctx;
+    unsigned long long bytes;
+
+public:
+    HashSink(HashType ht);
+    HashSink(const HashSink & h);
+    ~HashSink();
+    void write(const unsigned char * data, size_t len);
+    HashResult finish();
+    HashResult currentHash();
+};
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/serialise.cc b/nix/libutil/serialise.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b71f52c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/serialise.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+#include "serialise.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+BufferedSink::~BufferedSink()
+{
+    /* We can't call flush() here, because C++ for some insane reason
+       doesn't allow you to call virtual methods from a destructor. */
+    assert(!bufPos);
+    delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+    
+void BufferedSink::operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    if (!buffer) buffer = new unsigned char[bufSize];
+    
+    while (len) {
+        /* Optimisation: bypass the buffer if the data exceeds the
+           buffer size. */
+        if (bufPos + len >= bufSize) {
+            flush();
+            write(data, len);
+            break;
+        }
+        /* Otherwise, copy the bytes to the buffer.  Flush the buffer
+           when it's full. */
+        size_t n = bufPos + len > bufSize ? bufSize - bufPos : len;
+        memcpy(buffer + bufPos, data, n);
+        data += n; bufPos += n; len -= n;
+        if (bufPos == bufSize) flush();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void BufferedSink::flush()
+{
+    if (bufPos == 0) return;
+    size_t n = bufPos;
+    bufPos = 0; // don't trigger the assert() in ~BufferedSink()
+    write(buffer, n);
+}
+
+
+FdSink::~FdSink()
+{
+    try { flush(); } catch (...) { ignoreException(); }
+}
+
+
+void FdSink::write(const unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    writeFull(fd, data, len);
+}
+
+
+void Source::operator () (unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    while (len) {
+        size_t n = read(data, len);
+        data += n; len -= n;
+    }
+}
+
+
+BufferedSource::~BufferedSource()
+{
+    delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+
+size_t BufferedSource::read(unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    if (!buffer) buffer = new unsigned char[bufSize];
+
+    if (!bufPosIn) bufPosIn = readUnbuffered(buffer, bufSize);
+            
+    /* Copy out the data in the buffer. */
+    size_t n = len > bufPosIn - bufPosOut ? bufPosIn - bufPosOut : len;
+    memcpy(data, buffer + bufPosOut, n);
+    bufPosOut += n;
+    if (bufPosIn == bufPosOut) bufPosIn = bufPosOut = 0;
+    return n;
+}
+
+
+bool BufferedSource::hasData()
+{
+    return bufPosOut < bufPosIn;
+}
+
+
+size_t FdSource::readUnbuffered(unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    ssize_t n;
+    do {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        n = ::read(fd, (char *) data, bufSize);
+    } while (n == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    if (n == -1) throw SysError("reading from file");
+    if (n == 0) throw EndOfFile("unexpected end-of-file");
+    return n;
+}
+
+
+size_t StringSource::read(unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+{
+    if (pos == s.size()) throw EndOfFile("end of string reached");
+    size_t n = s.copy((char *) data, len, pos);
+    pos += n;
+    return n;
+}
+
+
+void writePadding(size_t len, Sink & sink)
+{
+    if (len % 8) {
+        unsigned char zero[8];
+        memset(zero, 0, sizeof(zero));
+        sink(zero, 8 - (len % 8));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void writeInt(unsigned int n, Sink & sink)
+{
+    unsigned char buf[8];
+    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+    buf[0] = n & 0xff;
+    buf[1] = (n >> 8) & 0xff;
+    buf[2] = (n >> 16) & 0xff;
+    buf[3] = (n >> 24) & 0xff;
+    sink(buf, sizeof(buf));
+}
+
+
+void writeLongLong(unsigned long long n, Sink & sink)
+{
+    unsigned char buf[8];
+    buf[0] = n & 0xff;
+    buf[1] = (n >> 8) & 0xff;
+    buf[2] = (n >> 16) & 0xff;
+    buf[3] = (n >> 24) & 0xff;
+    buf[4] = (n >> 32) & 0xff;
+    buf[5] = (n >> 40) & 0xff;
+    buf[6] = (n >> 48) & 0xff;
+    buf[7] = (n >> 56) & 0xff;
+    sink(buf, sizeof(buf));
+}
+
+
+void writeString(const unsigned char * buf, size_t len, Sink & sink)
+{
+    writeInt(len, sink);
+    sink(buf, len);
+    writePadding(len, sink);
+}
+
+
+void writeString(const string & s, Sink & sink)
+{
+    writeString((const unsigned char *) s.data(), s.size(), sink);
+}
+
+
+template<class T> void writeStrings(const T & ss, Sink & sink)
+{
+    writeInt(ss.size(), sink);
+    foreach (typename T::const_iterator, i, ss)
+        writeString(*i, sink);
+}
+
+template void writeStrings(const Paths & ss, Sink & sink);
+template void writeStrings(const PathSet & ss, Sink & sink);
+
+
+void readPadding(size_t len, Source & source)
+{
+    if (len % 8) {
+        unsigned char zero[8];
+        size_t n = 8 - (len % 8);
+        source(zero, n);
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+            if (zero[i]) throw SerialisationError("non-zero padding");
+    }
+}
+
+
+unsigned int readInt(Source & source)
+{
+    unsigned char buf[8];
+    source(buf, sizeof(buf));
+    if (buf[4] || buf[5] || buf[6] || buf[7])
+        throw SerialisationError("implementation cannot deal with > 32-bit integers");
+    return
+        buf[0] |
+        (buf[1] << 8) |
+        (buf[2] << 16) |
+        (buf[3] << 24);
+}
+
+
+unsigned long long readLongLong(Source & source)
+{
+    unsigned char buf[8];
+    source(buf, sizeof(buf));
+    return
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[0]) |
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[1] << 8) |
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[2] << 16) |
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[3] << 24) |
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[4] << 32) |
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[5] << 40) |
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[6] << 48) |
+        ((unsigned long long) buf[7] << 56);
+}
+
+
+size_t readString(unsigned char * buf, size_t max, Source & source)
+{
+    size_t len = readInt(source);
+    if (len > max) throw Error("string is too long");
+    source(buf, len);
+    readPadding(len, source);
+    return len;
+}
+
+ 
+string readString(Source & source)
+{
+    size_t len = readInt(source);
+    unsigned char * buf = new unsigned char[len];
+    AutoDeleteArray<unsigned char> d(buf);
+    source(buf, len);
+    readPadding(len, source);
+    return string((char *) buf, len);
+}
+
+ 
+template<class T> T readStrings(Source & source)
+{
+    unsigned int count = readInt(source);
+    T ss;
+    while (count--)
+        ss.insert(ss.end(), readString(source));
+    return ss;
+}
+
+template Paths readStrings(Source & source);
+template PathSet readStrings(Source & source);
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/serialise.hh b/nix/libutil/serialise.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5a9df1d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/serialise.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* Abstract destination of binary data. */
+struct Sink 
+{
+    virtual ~Sink() { }
+    virtual void operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len) = 0;
+};
+
+
+/* A buffered abstract sink. */
+struct BufferedSink : Sink
+{
+    size_t bufSize, bufPos;
+    unsigned char * buffer;
+
+    BufferedSink(size_t bufSize = 32 * 1024)
+        : bufSize(bufSize), bufPos(0), buffer(0) { }
+    ~BufferedSink();
+
+    void operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len);
+    
+    void flush();
+    
+    virtual void write(const unsigned char * data, size_t len) = 0;
+};
+
+
+/* Abstract source of binary data. */
+struct Source
+{
+    virtual ~Source() { }
+    
+    /* Store exactly ‘len’ bytes in the buffer pointed to by ‘data’.
+       It blocks until all the requested data is available, or throws
+       an error if it is not going to be available.   */
+    void operator () (unsigned char * data, size_t len);
+
+    /* Store up to ‘len’ in the buffer pointed to by ‘data’, and
+       return the number of bytes stored.  If blocks until at least
+       one byte is available. */
+    virtual size_t read(unsigned char * data, size_t len) = 0;
+};
+
+
+/* A buffered abstract source. */
+struct BufferedSource : Source
+{
+    size_t bufSize, bufPosIn, bufPosOut;
+    unsigned char * buffer;
+
+    BufferedSource(size_t bufSize = 32 * 1024)
+        : bufSize(bufSize), bufPosIn(0), bufPosOut(0), buffer(0) { }
+    ~BufferedSource();
+    
+    size_t read(unsigned char * data, size_t len);
+    
+    /* Underlying read call, to be overridden. */
+    virtual size_t readUnbuffered(unsigned char * data, size_t len) = 0;
+
+    bool hasData();
+};
+
+
+/* A sink that writes data to a file descriptor. */
+struct FdSink : BufferedSink
+{
+    int fd;
+
+    FdSink() : fd(-1) { }
+    FdSink(int fd) : fd(fd) { }
+    ~FdSink();
+    
+    void write(const unsigned char * data, size_t len);
+};
+
+
+/* A source that reads data from a file descriptor. */
+struct FdSource : BufferedSource
+{
+    int fd;
+    FdSource() : fd(-1) { }
+    FdSource(int fd) : fd(fd) { }
+    size_t readUnbuffered(unsigned char * data, size_t len);
+};
+
+
+/* A sink that writes data to a string. */
+struct StringSink : Sink
+{
+    string s;
+    void operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+    {
+        s.append((const char *) data, len);
+    }
+};
+
+
+/* A source that reads data from a string. */
+struct StringSource : Source
+{
+    const string & s;
+    size_t pos;
+    StringSource(const string & _s) : s(_s), pos(0) { }
+    size_t read(unsigned char * data, size_t len);    
+};
+
+
+void writePadding(size_t len, Sink & sink);
+void writeInt(unsigned int n, Sink & sink);
+void writeLongLong(unsigned long long n, Sink & sink);
+void writeString(const unsigned char * buf, size_t len, Sink & sink);
+void writeString(const string & s, Sink & sink);
+template<class T> void writeStrings(const T & ss, Sink & sink);
+
+void readPadding(size_t len, Source & source);
+unsigned int readInt(Source & source);
+unsigned long long readLongLong(Source & source);
+size_t readString(unsigned char * buf, size_t max, Source & source);
+string readString(Source & source);
+template<class T> T readStrings(Source & source);
+
+
+MakeError(SerialisationError, Error)
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/types.hh b/nix/libutil/types.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b5ce9a78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/types.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <list>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <boost/format.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+/* Inherit some names from other namespaces for convenience. */
+using std::string;
+using std::list;
+using std::set;
+using std::vector;
+using boost::format;
+
+
+struct FormatOrString
+{
+    string s;
+    FormatOrString(const string & s) : s(s) { };
+    FormatOrString(const format & f) : s(f.str()) { };
+    FormatOrString(const char * s) : s(s) { };
+};
+
+
+/* BaseError should generally not be caught, as it has Interrupted as
+   a subclass. Catch Error instead. */
+class BaseError : public std::exception
+{
+protected:
+    string prefix_; // used for location traces etc.
+    string err;
+public:
+    unsigned int status; // exit status
+    BaseError(const FormatOrString & fs, unsigned int status = 1);
+    ~BaseError() throw () { };
+    const char * what() const throw () { return err.c_str(); }
+    const string & msg() const throw () { return err; }
+    const string & prefix() const throw () { return prefix_; }
+    BaseError & addPrefix(const FormatOrString & fs);
+};
+
+#define MakeError(newClass, superClass) \
+    class newClass : public superClass                  \
+    {                                                   \
+    public:                                             \
+        newClass(const FormatOrString & fs, unsigned int status = 1) : superClass(fs, status) { }; \
+    };
+
+MakeError(Error, BaseError)
+
+class SysError : public Error
+{
+public:
+    int errNo;
+    SysError(const FormatOrString & fs);
+};
+
+
+typedef list<string> Strings;
+typedef set<string> StringSet;
+
+
+/* Paths are just strings. */
+typedef string Path;
+typedef list<Path> Paths;
+typedef set<Path> PathSet;
+
+
+typedef enum {
+    lvlError = 0,
+    lvlInfo,
+    lvlTalkative,
+    lvlChatty,
+    lvlDebug,
+    lvlVomit
+} Verbosity;
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/util.cc b/nix/libutil/util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15c462ce4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1105 @@
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "util.hh"
+
+
+extern char * * environ;
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+BaseError::BaseError(const FormatOrString & fs, unsigned int status)
+    : status(status)
+{
+    err = fs.s;
+}
+
+
+BaseError & BaseError::addPrefix(const FormatOrString & fs)
+{
+    prefix_ = fs.s + prefix_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+SysError::SysError(const FormatOrString & fs)
+    : Error(format("%1%: %2%") % fs.s % strerror(errno))
+    , errNo(errno)
+{
+}
+
+
+string getEnv(const string & key, const string & def)
+{
+    char * value = getenv(key.c_str());
+    return value ? string(value) : def;
+}
+
+
+Path absPath(Path path, Path dir)
+{
+    if (path[0] != '/') {
+        if (dir == "") {
+#ifdef __GNU__
+            /* GNU (aka. GNU/Hurd) doesn't have any limitation on path
+               lengths and doesn't define `PATH_MAX'.  */
+            char *buf = getcwd(NULL, 0);
+            if (buf == NULL)
+#else
+            char buf[PATH_MAX];
+            if (!getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf)))
+#endif
+                throw SysError("cannot get cwd");
+            dir = buf;
+#ifdef __GNU__
+            free(buf);
+#endif
+        }
+        path = dir + "/" + path;
+    }
+    return canonPath(path);
+}
+
+
+Path canonPath(const Path & path, bool resolveSymlinks)
+{
+    string s;
+
+    if (path[0] != '/')
+        throw Error(format("not an absolute path: `%1%'") % path);
+
+    string::const_iterator i = path.begin(), end = path.end();
+    string temp;
+
+    /* Count the number of times we follow a symlink and stop at some
+       arbitrary (but high) limit to prevent infinite loops. */
+    unsigned int followCount = 0, maxFollow = 1024;
+
+    while (1) {
+
+        /* Skip slashes. */
+        while (i != end && *i == '/') i++;
+        if (i == end) break;
+
+        /* Ignore `.'. */
+        if (*i == '.' && (i + 1 == end || i[1] == '/'))
+            i++;
+
+        /* If `..', delete the last component. */
+        else if (*i == '.' && i + 1 < end && i[1] == '.' &&
+            (i + 2 == end || i[2] == '/'))
+        {
+            if (!s.empty()) s.erase(s.rfind('/'));
+            i += 2;
+        }
+
+        /* Normal component; copy it. */
+        else {
+            s += '/';
+            while (i != end && *i != '/') s += *i++;
+
+            /* If s points to a symlink, resolve it and restart (since
+               the symlink target might contain new symlinks). */
+            if (resolveSymlinks && isLink(s)) {
+                if (++followCount >= maxFollow)
+                    throw Error(format("infinite symlink recursion in path `%1%'") % path);
+                temp = absPath(readLink(s), dirOf(s))
+                    + string(i, end);
+                i = temp.begin(); /* restart */
+                end = temp.end();
+                s = "";
+                /* !!! potential for infinite loop */
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return s.empty() ? "/" : s;
+}
+
+
+Path dirOf(const Path & path)
+{
+    Path::size_type pos = path.rfind('/');
+    if (pos == string::npos)
+        throw Error(format("invalid file name `%1%'") % path);
+    return pos == 0 ? "/" : Path(path, 0, pos);
+}
+
+
+string baseNameOf(const Path & path)
+{
+    Path::size_type pos = path.rfind('/');
+    if (pos == string::npos)
+        throw Error(format("invalid file name `%1%'") % path);
+    return string(path, pos + 1);
+}
+
+
+bool isInDir(const Path & path, const Path & dir)
+{
+    return path[0] == '/'
+        && string(path, 0, dir.size()) == dir
+        && path.size() >= dir.size() + 2
+        && path[dir.size()] == '/';
+}
+
+
+struct stat lstat(const Path & path)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
+        throw SysError(format("getting status of `%1%'") % path);
+    return st;
+}
+
+
+bool pathExists(const Path & path)
+{
+    int res;
+    struct stat st;
+    res = lstat(path.c_str(), &st);
+    if (!res) return true;
+    if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
+        throw SysError(format("getting status of %1%") % path);
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+Path readLink(const Path & path)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+    struct stat st = lstat(path);
+    if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+        throw Error(format("`%1%' is not a symlink") % path);
+    char buf[st.st_size];
+    if (readlink(path.c_str(), buf, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
+        throw SysError(format("reading symbolic link `%1%'") % path);
+    return string(buf, st.st_size);
+}
+
+
+bool isLink(const Path & path)
+{
+    struct stat st = lstat(path);
+    return S_ISLNK(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+
+Strings readDirectory(const Path & path)
+{
+    Strings names;
+
+    AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(path.c_str());
+    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory `%1%'") % path);
+
+    struct dirent * dirent;
+    while (errno = 0, dirent = readdir(dir)) { /* sic */
+        checkInterrupt();
+        string name = dirent->d_name;
+        if (name == "." || name == "..") continue;
+        names.push_back(name);
+    }
+    if (errno) throw SysError(format("reading directory `%1%'") % path);
+
+    return names;
+}
+
+
+string readFile(int fd)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1)
+        throw SysError("statting file");
+
+    unsigned char * buf = new unsigned char[st.st_size];
+    AutoDeleteArray<unsigned char> d(buf);
+    readFull(fd, buf, st.st_size);
+
+    return string((char *) buf, st.st_size);
+}
+
+
+string readFile(const Path & path, bool drain)
+{
+    AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("opening file `%1%'") % path);
+    return drain ? drainFD(fd) : readFile(fd);
+}
+
+
+void writeFile(const Path & path, const string & s)
+{
+    AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, 0666);
+    if (fd == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("opening file `%1%'") % path);
+    writeFull(fd, (unsigned char *) s.data(), s.size());
+}
+
+
+string readLine(int fd)
+{
+    string s;
+    while (1) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        char ch;
+        ssize_t rd = read(fd, &ch, 1);
+        if (rd == -1) {
+            if (errno != EINTR)
+                throw SysError("reading a line");
+        } else if (rd == 0)
+            throw EndOfFile("unexpected EOF reading a line");
+        else {
+            if (ch == '\n') return s;
+            s += ch;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void writeLine(int fd, string s)
+{
+    s += '\n';
+    writeFull(fd, (const unsigned char *) s.data(), s.size());
+}
+
+
+static void _deletePath(const Path & path, unsigned long long & bytesFreed)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+
+    printMsg(lvlVomit, format("%1%") % path);
+
+    struct stat st = lstat(path);
+
+    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && st.st_nlink == 1)
+        bytesFreed += st.st_blocks * 512;
+
+    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+        Strings names = readDirectory(path);
+
+        /* Make the directory writable. */
+        if (!(st.st_mode & S_IWUSR)) {
+            if (chmod(path.c_str(), st.st_mode | S_IWUSR) == -1)
+                throw SysError(format("making `%1%' writable") % path);
+        }
+
+        for (Strings::iterator i = names.begin(); i != names.end(); ++i)
+            _deletePath(path + "/" + *i, bytesFreed);
+    }
+
+    if (remove(path.c_str()) == -1)
+        throw SysError(format("cannot unlink `%1%'") % path);
+}
+
+
+void deletePath(const Path & path)
+{
+    unsigned long long dummy;
+    deletePath(path, dummy);
+}
+
+
+void deletePath(const Path & path, unsigned long long & bytesFreed)
+{
+    startNest(nest, lvlDebug,
+        format("recursively deleting path `%1%'") % path);
+    bytesFreed = 0;
+    _deletePath(path, bytesFreed);
+}
+
+
+static Path tempName(Path tmpRoot, const Path & prefix, bool includePid,
+    int & counter)
+{
+    tmpRoot = canonPath(tmpRoot.empty() ? getEnv("TMPDIR", "/tmp") : tmpRoot, true);
+    if (includePid)
+        return (format("%1%/%2%-%3%-%4%") % tmpRoot % prefix % getpid() % counter++).str();
+    else
+        return (format("%1%/%2%-%3%") % tmpRoot % prefix % counter++).str();
+}
+
+
+Path createTempDir(const Path & tmpRoot, const Path & prefix,
+    bool includePid, bool useGlobalCounter, mode_t mode)
+{
+    static int globalCounter = 0;
+    int localCounter = 0;
+    int & counter(useGlobalCounter ? globalCounter : localCounter);
+
+    while (1) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        Path tmpDir = tempName(tmpRoot, prefix, includePid, counter);
+        if (mkdir(tmpDir.c_str(), mode) == 0) {
+            /* Explicitly set the group of the directory.  This is to
+               work around around problems caused by BSD's group
+               ownership semantics (directories inherit the group of
+               the parent).  For instance, the group of /tmp on
+               FreeBSD is "wheel", so all directories created in /tmp
+               will be owned by "wheel"; but if the user is not in
+               "wheel", then "tar" will fail to unpack archives that
+               have the setgid bit set on directories. */
+            if (chown(tmpDir.c_str(), (uid_t) -1, getegid()) != 0)
+                throw SysError(format("setting group of directory `%1%'") % tmpDir);
+            return tmpDir;
+        }
+        if (errno != EEXIST)
+            throw SysError(format("creating directory `%1%'") % tmpDir);
+    }
+}
+
+
+Paths createDirs(const Path & path)
+{
+    Paths created;
+    if (path == "/") return created;
+
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
+        created = createDirs(dirOf(path));
+        if (mkdir(path.c_str(), 0777) == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
+            throw SysError(format("creating directory `%1%'") % path);
+        st = lstat(path);
+        created.push_back(path);
+    }
+
+    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) throw Error(format("`%1%' is not a directory") % path);
+
+    return created;
+}
+
+
+void createSymlink(const Path & target, const Path & link)
+{
+    if (symlink(target.c_str(), link.c_str()))
+        throw SysError(format("creating symlink from `%1%' to `%2%'") % link % target);
+}
+
+
+LogType logType = ltPretty;
+Verbosity verbosity = lvlInfo;
+
+static int nestingLevel = 0;
+
+
+Nest::Nest()
+{
+    nest = false;
+}
+
+
+Nest::~Nest()
+{
+    close();
+}
+
+
+static string escVerbosity(Verbosity level)
+{
+    return int2String((int) level);
+}
+
+
+void Nest::open(Verbosity level, const FormatOrString & fs)
+{
+    if (level <= verbosity) {
+        if (logType == ltEscapes)
+            std::cerr << "\033[" << escVerbosity(level) << "p"
+                      << fs.s << "\n";
+        else
+            printMsg_(level, fs);
+        nest = true;
+        nestingLevel++;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Nest::close()
+{
+    if (nest) {
+        nestingLevel--;
+        if (logType == ltEscapes)
+            std::cerr << "\033[q";
+        nest = false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void printMsg_(Verbosity level, const FormatOrString & fs)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+    if (level > verbosity) return;
+    string prefix;
+    if (logType == ltPretty)
+        for (int i = 0; i < nestingLevel; i++)
+            prefix += "|   ";
+    else if (logType == ltEscapes && level != lvlInfo)
+        prefix = "\033[" + escVerbosity(level) + "s";
+    string s = (format("%1%%2%\n") % prefix % fs.s).str();
+    writeToStderr(s);
+}
+
+
+void warnOnce(bool & haveWarned, const FormatOrString & fs)
+{
+    if (!haveWarned) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("warning: %1%") % fs.s);
+        haveWarned = true;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void writeToStderr(const string & s)
+{
+    try {
+        _writeToStderr((const unsigned char *) s.data(), s.size());
+    } catch (SysError & e) {
+        /* Ignore failing writes to stderr if we're in an exception
+           handler, otherwise throw an exception.  We need to ignore
+           write errors in exception handlers to ensure that cleanup
+           code runs to completion if the other side of stderr has
+           been closed unexpectedly. */
+        if (!std::uncaught_exception()) throw;
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void defaultWriteToStderr(const unsigned char * buf, size_t count)
+{
+    writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, buf, count);
+}
+
+
+void (*_writeToStderr) (const unsigned char * buf, size_t count) = defaultWriteToStderr;
+
+
+void readFull(int fd, unsigned char * buf, size_t count)
+{
+    while (count) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        ssize_t res = read(fd, (char *) buf, count);
+        if (res == -1) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) continue;
+            throw SysError("reading from file");
+        }
+        if (res == 0) throw EndOfFile("unexpected end-of-file");
+        count -= res;
+        buf += res;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void writeFull(int fd, const unsigned char * buf, size_t count)
+{
+    while (count) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        ssize_t res = write(fd, (char *) buf, count);
+        if (res == -1) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) continue;
+            throw SysError("writing to file");
+        }
+        count -= res;
+        buf += res;
+    }
+}
+
+
+string drainFD(int fd)
+{
+    string result;
+    unsigned char buffer[4096];
+    while (1) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        ssize_t rd = read(fd, buffer, sizeof buffer);
+        if (rd == -1) {
+            if (errno != EINTR)
+                throw SysError("reading from file");
+        }
+        else if (rd == 0) break;
+        else result.append((char *) buffer, rd);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+AutoDelete::AutoDelete(const string & p, bool recursive) : path(p)
+{
+    del = true;
+    this->recursive = recursive;
+}
+
+AutoDelete::~AutoDelete()
+{
+    try {
+        if (del) {
+            if (recursive)
+                deletePath(path);
+            else {
+                if (remove(path.c_str()) == -1)
+                    throw SysError(format("cannot unlink `%1%'") % path);
+            }
+        }
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+void AutoDelete::cancel()
+{
+    del = false;
+}
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+AutoCloseFD::AutoCloseFD()
+{
+    fd = -1;
+}
+
+
+AutoCloseFD::AutoCloseFD(int fd)
+{
+    this->fd = fd;
+}
+
+
+AutoCloseFD::AutoCloseFD(const AutoCloseFD & fd)
+{
+    /* Copying an AutoCloseFD isn't allowed (who should get to close
+       it?).  But as an edge case, allow copying of closed
+       AutoCloseFDs.  This is necessary due to tiresome reasons
+       involving copy constructor use on default object values in STL
+       containers (like when you do `map[value]' where value isn't in
+       the map yet). */
+    this->fd = fd.fd;
+    if (this->fd != -1) abort();
+}
+
+
+AutoCloseFD::~AutoCloseFD()
+{
+    try {
+        close();
+    } catch (...) {
+        ignoreException();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void AutoCloseFD::operator =(int fd)
+{
+    if (this->fd != fd) close();
+    this->fd = fd;
+}
+
+
+AutoCloseFD::operator int() const
+{
+    return fd;
+}
+
+
+void AutoCloseFD::close()
+{
+    if (fd != -1) {
+        if (::close(fd) == -1)
+            /* This should never happen. */
+            throw SysError(format("closing file descriptor %1%") % fd);
+        fd = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+
+bool AutoCloseFD::isOpen()
+{
+    return fd != -1;
+}
+
+
+/* Pass responsibility for closing this fd to the caller. */
+int AutoCloseFD::borrow()
+{
+    int oldFD = fd;
+    fd = -1;
+    return oldFD;
+}
+
+
+void Pipe::create()
+{
+    int fds[2];
+    if (pipe(fds) != 0) throw SysError("creating pipe");
+    readSide = fds[0];
+    writeSide = fds[1];
+    closeOnExec(readSide);
+    closeOnExec(writeSide);
+}
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+AutoCloseDir::AutoCloseDir()
+{
+    dir = 0;
+}
+
+
+AutoCloseDir::AutoCloseDir(DIR * dir)
+{
+    this->dir = dir;
+}
+
+
+AutoCloseDir::~AutoCloseDir()
+{
+    close();
+}
+
+
+void AutoCloseDir::operator =(DIR * dir)
+{
+    this->dir = dir;
+}
+
+
+AutoCloseDir::operator DIR *()
+{
+    return dir;
+}
+
+
+void AutoCloseDir::close()
+{
+    if (dir) {
+        closedir(dir);
+        dir = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+Pid::Pid()
+{
+    pid = -1;
+    separatePG = false;
+    killSignal = SIGKILL;
+}
+
+
+Pid::~Pid()
+{
+    kill();
+}
+
+
+void Pid::operator =(pid_t pid)
+{
+    if (this->pid != pid) kill();
+    this->pid = pid;
+    killSignal = SIGKILL; // reset signal to default
+}
+
+
+Pid::operator pid_t()
+{
+    return pid;
+}
+
+
+void Pid::kill()
+{
+    if (pid == -1 || pid == 0) return;
+
+    printMsg(lvlError, format("killing process %1%") % pid);
+
+    /* Send the requested signal to the child.  If it has its own
+       process group, send the signal to every process in the child
+       process group (which hopefully includes *all* its children). */
+    if (::kill(separatePG ? -pid : pid, killSignal) != 0)
+        printMsg(lvlError, (SysError(format("killing process %1%") % pid).msg()));
+
+    /* Wait until the child dies, disregarding the exit status. */
+    int status;
+    while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
+        checkInterrupt();
+        if (errno != EINTR) {
+            printMsg(lvlError,
+                (SysError(format("waiting for process %1%") % pid).msg()));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pid = -1;
+}
+
+
+int Pid::wait(bool block)
+{
+    assert(pid != -1);
+    while (1) {
+        int status;
+        int res = waitpid(pid, &status, block ? 0 : WNOHANG);
+        if (res == pid) {
+            pid = -1;
+            return status;
+        }
+        if (res == 0 && !block) return -1;
+        if (errno != EINTR)
+            throw SysError("cannot get child exit status");
+        checkInterrupt();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Pid::setSeparatePG(bool separatePG)
+{
+    this->separatePG = separatePG;
+}
+
+
+void Pid::setKillSignal(int signal)
+{
+    this->killSignal = signal;
+}
+
+
+void killUser(uid_t uid)
+{
+    debug(format("killing all processes running under uid `%1%'") % uid);
+
+    assert(uid != 0); /* just to be safe... */
+
+    /* The system call kill(-1, sig) sends the signal `sig' to all
+       users to which the current process can send signals.  So we
+       fork a process, switch to uid, and send a mass kill. */
+
+    Pid pid;
+    pid = fork();
+    switch (pid) {
+
+    case -1:
+        throw SysError("unable to fork");
+
+    case 0:
+        try { /* child */
+
+            if (setuid(uid) == -1)
+                throw SysError("setting uid");
+
+            while (true) {
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+                /* OSX's kill syscall takes a third parameter that, among other
+                   things, determines if kill(-1, signo) affects the calling
+                   process. In the OSX libc, it's set to true, which means
+                   "follow POSIX", which we don't want here
+                 */
+                if (syscall(SYS_kill, -1, SIGKILL, false) == 0) break;
+#else
+                if (kill(-1, SIGKILL) == 0) break;
+#endif
+                if (errno == ESRCH) break; /* no more processes */
+                if (errno != EINTR)
+                    throw SysError(format("cannot kill processes for uid `%1%'") % uid);
+            }
+
+        } catch (std::exception & e) {
+            writeToStderr((format("killing processes belonging to uid `%1%': %2%\n") % uid % e.what()).str());
+            _exit(1);
+        }
+        _exit(0);
+    }
+
+    /* parent */
+    int status = pid.wait(true);
+    if (status != 0)
+        throw Error(format("cannot kill processes for uid `%1%': %2%") % uid % statusToString(status));
+
+    /* !!! We should really do some check to make sure that there are
+       no processes left running under `uid', but there is no portable
+       way to do so (I think).  The most reliable way may be `ps -eo
+       uid | grep -q $uid'. */
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+string runProgram(Path program, bool searchPath, const Strings & args)
+{
+    checkInterrupt();
+
+    std::vector<const char *> cargs; /* careful with c_str()! */
+    cargs.push_back(program.c_str());
+    for (Strings::const_iterator i = args.begin(); i != args.end(); ++i)
+        cargs.push_back(i->c_str());
+    cargs.push_back(0);
+
+    /* Create a pipe. */
+    Pipe pipe;
+    pipe.create();
+
+    /* Fork. */
+    Pid pid;
+    pid = maybeVfork();
+
+    switch (pid) {
+
+    case -1:
+        throw SysError("unable to fork");
+
+    case 0: /* child */
+        try {
+            if (dup2(pipe.writeSide, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
+                throw SysError("dupping stdout");
+
+            if (searchPath)
+                execvp(program.c_str(), (char * *) &cargs[0]);
+            else
+                execv(program.c_str(), (char * *) &cargs[0]);
+            throw SysError(format("executing `%1%'") % program);
+
+        } catch (std::exception & e) {
+            writeToStderr("error: " + string(e.what()) + "\n");
+        }
+        _exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* Parent. */
+
+    pipe.writeSide.close();
+
+    string result = drainFD(pipe.readSide);
+
+    /* Wait for the child to finish. */
+    int status = pid.wait(true);
+    if (!statusOk(status))
+        throw Error(format("program `%1%' %2%")
+            % program % statusToString(status));
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+void closeMostFDs(const set<int> & exceptions)
+{
+    int maxFD = 0;
+    maxFD = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
+    for (int fd = 0; fd < maxFD; ++fd)
+        if (fd != STDIN_FILENO && fd != STDOUT_FILENO && fd != STDERR_FILENO
+            && exceptions.find(fd) == exceptions.end())
+            close(fd); /* ignore result */
+}
+
+
+void closeOnExec(int fd)
+{
+    int prev;
+    if ((prev = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) == -1 ||
+        fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, prev | FD_CLOEXEC) == -1)
+        throw SysError("setting close-on-exec flag");
+}
+
+
+#if HAVE_VFORK
+pid_t (*maybeVfork)() = vfork;
+#else
+pid_t (*maybeVfork)() = fork;
+#endif
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+volatile sig_atomic_t _isInterrupted = 0;
+
+void _interrupted()
+{
+    /* Block user interrupts while an exception is being handled.
+       Throwing an exception while another exception is being handled
+       kills the program! */
+    if (!std::uncaught_exception()) {
+        _isInterrupted = 0;
+        throw Interrupted("interrupted by the user");
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+template<class C> C tokenizeString(const string & s, const string & separators)
+{
+    C result;
+    string::size_type pos = s.find_first_not_of(separators, 0);
+    while (pos != string::npos) {
+        string::size_type end = s.find_first_of(separators, pos + 1);
+        if (end == string::npos) end = s.size();
+        string token(s, pos, end - pos);
+        result.insert(result.end(), token);
+        pos = s.find_first_not_of(separators, end);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+template Strings tokenizeString(const string & s, const string & separators);
+template StringSet tokenizeString(const string & s, const string & separators);
+template vector<string> tokenizeString(const string & s, const string & separators);
+
+
+string concatStringsSep(const string & sep, const Strings & ss)
+{
+    string s;
+    foreach (Strings::const_iterator, i, ss) {
+        if (s.size() != 0) s += sep;
+        s += *i;
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+string concatStringsSep(const string & sep, const StringSet & ss)
+{
+    string s;
+    foreach (StringSet::const_iterator, i, ss) {
+        if (s.size() != 0) s += sep;
+        s += *i;
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+string chomp(const string & s)
+{
+    size_t i = s.find_last_not_of(" \n\r\t");
+    return i == string::npos ? "" : string(s, 0, i + 1);
+}
+
+
+string statusToString(int status)
+{
+    if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
+        if (WIFEXITED(status))
+            return (format("failed with exit code %1%") % WEXITSTATUS(status)).str();
+        else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+            int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
+#if HAVE_STRSIGNAL
+            const char * description = strsignal(sig);
+            return (format("failed due to signal %1% (%2%)") % sig % description).str();
+#else
+            return (format("failed due to signal %1%") % sig).str();
+#endif
+        }
+        else
+            return "died abnormally";
+    } else return "succeeded";
+}
+
+
+bool statusOk(int status)
+{
+    return WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0;
+}
+
+
+bool hasSuffix(const string & s, const string & suffix)
+{
+    return s.size() >= suffix.size() && string(s, s.size() - suffix.size()) == suffix;
+}
+
+
+void expect(std::istream & str, const string & s)
+{
+    char s2[s.size()];
+    str.read(s2, s.size());
+    if (string(s2, s.size()) != s)
+        throw Error(format("expected string `%1%'") % s);
+}
+
+
+string parseString(std::istream & str)
+{
+    string res;
+    expect(str, "\"");
+    int c;
+    while ((c = str.get()) != '"')
+        if (c == '\\') {
+            c = str.get();
+            if (c == 'n') res += '\n';
+            else if (c == 'r') res += '\r';
+            else if (c == 't') res += '\t';
+            else res += c;
+        }
+        else res += c;
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+bool endOfList(std::istream & str)
+{
+    if (str.peek() == ',') {
+        str.get();
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (str.peek() == ']') {
+        str.get();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+string decodeOctalEscaped(const string & s)
+{
+    string r;
+    for (string::const_iterator i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); ) {
+        if (*i != '\\') { r += *i++; continue; }
+        unsigned char c = 0;
+        ++i;
+        while (i != s.end() && *i >= '0' && *i < '8')
+            c = c * 8 + (*i++ - '0');
+        r += c;
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+
+
+void ignoreException()
+{
+    try {
+        throw;
+    } catch (std::exception & e) {
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("error (ignored): %1%") % e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/util.hh b/nix/libutil/util.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bedfea9a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/util.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "types.hh"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+#define foreach(it_type, it, collection)                                \
+    for (it_type it = (collection).begin(); it != (collection).end(); ++it)
+
+#define foreach_reverse(it_type, it, collection)                                \
+    for (it_type it = (collection).rbegin(); it != (collection).rend(); ++it)
+
+
+/* Return an environment variable. */
+string getEnv(const string & key, const string & def = "");
+
+/* Return an absolutized path, resolving paths relative to the
+   specified directory, or the current directory otherwise.  The path
+   is also canonicalised. */
+Path absPath(Path path, Path dir = "");
+
+/* Canonicalise a path by removing all `.' or `..' components and
+   double or trailing slashes.  Optionally resolves all symlink
+   components such that each component of the resulting path is *not*
+   a symbolic link. */
+Path canonPath(const Path & path, bool resolveSymlinks = false);
+
+/* Return the directory part of the given canonical path, i.e.,
+   everything before the final `/'.  If the path is the root or an
+   immediate child thereof (e.g., `/foo'), this means an empty string
+   is returned. */
+Path dirOf(const Path & path);
+
+/* Return the base name of the given canonical path, i.e., everything
+   following the final `/'. */
+string baseNameOf(const Path & path);
+
+/* Check whether a given path is a descendant of the given
+   directory. */
+bool isInDir(const Path & path, const Path & dir);
+
+/* Get status of `path'. */
+struct stat lstat(const Path & path);
+
+/* Return true iff the given path exists. */
+bool pathExists(const Path & path);
+
+/* Read the contents (target) of a symbolic link.  The result is not
+   in any way canonicalised. */
+Path readLink(const Path & path);
+
+bool isLink(const Path & path);
+
+/* Read the contents of a directory.  The entries `.' and `..' are
+   removed. */
+Strings readDirectory(const Path & path);
+
+/* Read the contents of a file into a string. */
+string readFile(int fd);
+string readFile(const Path & path, bool drain = false);
+
+/* Write a string to a file. */
+void writeFile(const Path & path, const string & s);
+
+/* Read a line from a file descriptor. */
+string readLine(int fd);
+
+/* Write a line to a file descriptor. */
+void writeLine(int fd, string s);
+
+/* Delete a path; i.e., in the case of a directory, it is deleted
+   recursively.  Don't use this at home, kids.  The second variant
+   returns the number of bytes and blocks freed. */
+void deletePath(const Path & path);
+
+void deletePath(const Path & path, unsigned long long & bytesFreed);
+
+/* Create a temporary directory. */
+Path createTempDir(const Path & tmpRoot = "", const Path & prefix = "nix",
+    bool includePid = true, bool useGlobalCounter = true, mode_t mode = 0755);
+
+/* Create a directory and all its parents, if necessary.  Returns the
+   list of created directories, in order of creation. */
+Paths createDirs(const Path & path);
+
+/* Create a symlink. */
+void createSymlink(const Path & target, const Path & link);
+
+
+template<class T, class A>
+T singleton(const A & a)
+{
+    T t;
+    t.insert(a);
+    return t;
+}
+
+
+/* Messages. */
+
+
+typedef enum {
+    ltPretty,   /* nice, nested output */
+    ltEscapes,  /* nesting indicated using escape codes (for log2xml) */
+    ltFlat      /* no nesting */
+} LogType;
+
+extern LogType logType;
+extern Verbosity verbosity; /* suppress msgs > this */
+
+class Nest
+{
+private:
+    bool nest;
+public:
+    Nest();
+    ~Nest();
+    void open(Verbosity level, const FormatOrString & fs);
+    void close();
+};
+
+void printMsg_(Verbosity level, const FormatOrString & fs);
+
+#define startNest(varName, level, f) \
+    Nest varName; \
+    if (level <= verbosity) { \
+      varName.open(level, (f)); \
+    }
+
+#define printMsg(level, f) \
+    do { \
+        if (level <= verbosity) { \
+            printMsg_(level, (f)); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define debug(f) printMsg(lvlDebug, f)
+
+void warnOnce(bool & haveWarned, const FormatOrString & fs);
+
+void writeToStderr(const string & s);
+
+extern void (*_writeToStderr) (const unsigned char * buf, size_t count);
+
+
+/* Wrappers arount read()/write() that read/write exactly the
+   requested number of bytes. */
+void readFull(int fd, unsigned char * buf, size_t count);
+void writeFull(int fd, const unsigned char * buf, size_t count);
+
+MakeError(EndOfFile, Error)
+
+
+/* Read a file descriptor until EOF occurs. */
+string drainFD(int fd);
+
+
+
+/* Automatic cleanup of resources. */
+
+
+template <class T>
+struct AutoDeleteArray
+{
+    T * p;
+    AutoDeleteArray(T * p) : p(p) { }
+    ~AutoDeleteArray()
+    {
+        delete [] p;
+    }
+};
+
+
+class AutoDelete
+{
+    Path path;
+    bool del;
+    bool recursive;
+public:
+    AutoDelete(const Path & p, bool recursive = true);
+    ~AutoDelete();
+    void cancel();
+};
+
+
+class AutoCloseFD
+{
+    int fd;
+public:
+    AutoCloseFD();
+    AutoCloseFD(int fd);
+    AutoCloseFD(const AutoCloseFD & fd);
+    ~AutoCloseFD();
+    void operator =(int fd);
+    operator int() const;
+    void close();
+    bool isOpen();
+    int borrow();
+};
+
+
+class Pipe
+{
+public:
+    AutoCloseFD readSide, writeSide;
+    void create();
+};
+
+
+class AutoCloseDir
+{
+    DIR * dir;
+public:
+    AutoCloseDir();
+    AutoCloseDir(DIR * dir);
+    ~AutoCloseDir();
+    void operator =(DIR * dir);
+    operator DIR *();
+    void close();
+};
+
+
+class Pid
+{
+    pid_t pid;
+    bool separatePG;
+    int killSignal;
+public:
+    Pid();
+    ~Pid();
+    void operator =(pid_t pid);
+    operator pid_t();
+    void kill();
+    int wait(bool block);
+    void setSeparatePG(bool separatePG);
+    void setKillSignal(int signal);
+};
+
+
+/* Kill all processes running under the specified uid by sending them
+   a SIGKILL. */
+void killUser(uid_t uid);
+
+
+/* Run a program and return its stdout in a string (i.e., like the
+   shell backtick operator). */
+string runProgram(Path program, bool searchPath = false,
+    const Strings & args = Strings());
+
+/* Close all file descriptors except stdin, stdout, stderr, and those
+   listed in the given set.  Good practice in child processes. */
+void closeMostFDs(const set<int> & exceptions);
+
+/* Set the close-on-exec flag for the given file descriptor. */
+void closeOnExec(int fd);
+
+/* Call vfork() if available, otherwise fork(). */
+extern pid_t (*maybeVfork)();
+
+
+/* User interruption. */
+
+extern volatile sig_atomic_t _isInterrupted;
+
+void _interrupted();
+
+void inline checkInterrupt()
+{
+    if (_isInterrupted) _interrupted();
+}
+
+MakeError(Interrupted, BaseError)
+
+
+/* String tokenizer. */
+template<class C> C tokenizeString(const string & s, const string & separators = " \t\n\r");
+
+
+/* Concatenate the given strings with a separator between the
+   elements. */
+string concatStringsSep(const string & sep, const Strings & ss);
+string concatStringsSep(const string & sep, const StringSet & ss);
+
+
+/* Remove trailing whitespace from a string. */
+string chomp(const string & s);
+
+
+/* Convert the exit status of a child as returned by wait() into an
+   error string. */
+string statusToString(int status);
+
+bool statusOk(int status);
+
+
+/* Parse a string into an integer. */
+template<class N> bool string2Int(const string & s, N & n)
+{
+    std::istringstream str(s);
+    str >> n;
+    return str && str.get() == EOF;
+}
+
+template<class N> string int2String(N n)
+{
+    std::ostringstream str;
+    str << n;
+    return str.str();
+}
+
+
+/* Return true iff `s' ends in `suffix'. */
+bool hasSuffix(const string & s, const string & suffix);
+
+
+/* Read string `s' from stream `str'. */
+void expect(std::istream & str, const string & s);
+
+
+/* Read a C-style string from stream `str'. */
+string parseString(std::istream & str);
+
+
+/* Utility function used to parse legacy ATerms. */
+bool endOfList(std::istream & str);
+
+
+/* Escape a string that contains octal-encoded escape codes such as
+   used in /etc/fstab and /proc/mounts (e.g. "foo\040bar" decodes to
+   "foo bar"). */
+string decodeOctalEscaped(const string & s);
+
+
+/* Exception handling in destructors: print an error message, then
+   ignore the exception. */
+void ignoreException();
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/xml-writer.cc b/nix/libutil/xml-writer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01794001b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/xml-writer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "xml-writer.hh"
+
+
+namespace nix {
+    
+
+XMLWriter::XMLWriter(bool indent, std::ostream & output)
+    : output(output), indent(indent)
+{
+    output << "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>" << std::endl;
+    closed = false;
+}
+
+
+XMLWriter::~XMLWriter()
+{
+    close();
+}
+
+
+void XMLWriter::close()
+{
+    if (closed) return;
+    while (!pendingElems.empty()) closeElement();
+    closed = true;
+}
+
+
+void XMLWriter::indent_(unsigned int depth)
+{
+    if (!indent) return;
+    output << string(depth * 2, ' ');
+}
+
+
+void XMLWriter::openElement(const string & name,
+    const XMLAttrs & attrs)
+{
+    assert(!closed);
+    indent_(pendingElems.size());
+    output << "<" << name;
+    writeAttrs(attrs);
+    output << ">";
+    if (indent) output << std::endl;
+    pendingElems.push_back(name);
+}
+
+
+void XMLWriter::closeElement()
+{
+    assert(!pendingElems.empty());
+    indent_(pendingElems.size() - 1);
+    output << "</" << pendingElems.back() << ">";
+    if (indent) output << std::endl;
+    pendingElems.pop_back();
+    if (pendingElems.empty()) closed = true;
+}
+
+
+void XMLWriter::writeEmptyElement(const string & name,
+    const XMLAttrs & attrs)
+{
+    assert(!closed);
+    indent_(pendingElems.size());
+    output << "<" << name;
+    writeAttrs(attrs);
+    output << " />";
+    if (indent) output << std::endl;
+}
+
+
+void XMLWriter::writeAttrs(const XMLAttrs & attrs)
+{
+    for (XMLAttrs::const_iterator i = attrs.begin(); i != attrs.end(); ++i) {
+        output << " " << i->first << "=\"";
+        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < i->second.size(); ++j) {
+            char c = i->second[j];
+            if (c == '"') output << "&quot;";
+            else if (c == '<') output << "&lt;";
+            else if (c == '>') output << "&gt;";
+            else if (c == '&') output << "&amp;";
+            /* Escape newlines to prevent attribute normalisation (see
+               XML spec, section 3.3.3. */
+            else if (c == '\n') output << "&#xA;";
+            else output << c;
+        }
+        output << "\"";
+    }
+}
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/libutil/xml-writer.hh b/nix/libutil/xml-writer.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3cefe3712c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/libutil/xml-writer.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+using std::string;
+using std::map;
+using std::list;
+
+
+typedef map<string, string> XMLAttrs;
+
+
+class XMLWriter
+{
+private:
+
+    std::ostream & output;
+
+    bool indent;
+    bool closed;
+
+    list<string> pendingElems;
+
+public:
+
+    XMLWriter(bool indent, std::ostream & output);
+    ~XMLWriter();
+
+    void close();
+
+    void openElement(const string & name,
+        const XMLAttrs & attrs = XMLAttrs());
+    void closeElement();
+
+    void writeEmptyElement(const string & name,
+        const XMLAttrs & attrs = XMLAttrs());
+
+private:
+    void writeAttrs(const XMLAttrs & attrs);
+
+    void indent_(unsigned int depth);
+};
+
+
+class XMLOpenElement
+{
+private:
+    XMLWriter & writer;
+public:
+    XMLOpenElement(XMLWriter & writer, const string & name,
+        const XMLAttrs & attrs = XMLAttrs())
+        : writer(writer)
+    {
+        writer.openElement(name, attrs);
+    }
+    ~XMLOpenElement()
+    {
+        writer.closeElement();
+    }
+};
+
+
+}
diff --git a/nix/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc b/nix/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8814fe3155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+#include "shared.hh"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "serialise.hh"
+#include "worker-protocol.hh"
+#include "archive.hh"
+#include "affinity.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+using namespace nix;
+
+
+/* On platforms that have O_ASYNC, we can detect when a client
+   disconnects and immediately kill any ongoing builds.  On platforms
+   that lack it, we only notice the disconnection the next time we try
+   to write to the client.  So if you have a builder that never
+   generates output on stdout/stderr, the daemon will never notice
+   that the client has disconnected until the builder terminates.
+
+   GNU/Hurd does have O_ASYNC, but its Unix-domain socket translator
+   (pflocal) does not implement F_SETOWN.  See
+   <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-guix/2013-07/msg00021.html> for
+   details.*/
+#if defined O_ASYNC && !defined __GNU__
+#define HAVE_HUP_NOTIFICATION
+#ifndef SIGPOLL
+#define SIGPOLL SIGIO
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+static FdSource from(STDIN_FILENO);
+static FdSink to(STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+bool canSendStderr;
+pid_t myPid;
+
+
+
+/* This function is called anytime we want to write something to
+   stderr.  If we're in a state where the protocol allows it (i.e.,
+   when canSendStderr), send the message to the client over the
+   socket. */
+static void tunnelStderr(const unsigned char * buf, size_t count)
+{
+    /* Don't send the message to the client if we're a child of the
+       process handling the connection.  Otherwise we could screw up
+       the protocol.  It's up to the parent to redirect stderr and
+       send it to the client somehow (e.g., as in build.cc). */
+    if (canSendStderr && myPid == getpid()) {
+        try {
+            writeInt(STDERR_NEXT, to);
+            writeString(buf, count, to);
+            to.flush();
+        } catch (...) {
+            /* Write failed; that means that the other side is
+               gone. */
+            canSendStderr = false;
+            throw;
+        }
+    } else
+        writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, buf, count);
+}
+
+
+/* Return true if the remote side has closed its end of the
+   connection, false otherwise.  Should not be called on any socket on
+   which we expect input! */
+static bool isFarSideClosed(int socket)
+{
+    struct timeval timeout;
+    timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
+
+    fd_set fds;
+    FD_ZERO(&fds);
+    FD_SET(socket, &fds);
+
+    while (select(socket + 1, &fds, 0, 0, &timeout) == -1)
+        if (errno != EINTR) throw SysError("select()");
+
+    if (!FD_ISSET(socket, &fds)) return false;
+
+    /* Destructive read to determine whether the select() marked the
+       socket as readable because there is actual input or because
+       we've reached EOF (i.e., a read of size 0 is available). */
+    char c;
+    int rd;
+    if ((rd = read(socket, &c, 1)) > 0)
+        throw Error("EOF expected (protocol error?)");
+    else if (rd == -1 && errno != ECONNRESET)
+        throw SysError("expected connection reset or EOF");
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+/* A SIGPOLL signal is received when data is available on the client
+   communication socket, or when the client has closed its side of the
+   socket.  This handler is enabled at precisely those moments in the
+   protocol when we're doing work and the client is supposed to be
+   quiet.  Thus, if we get a SIGPOLL signal, it means that the client
+   has quit.  So we should quit as well.
+
+   Too bad most operating systems don't support the POLL_HUP value for
+   si_code in siginfo_t.  That would make most of the SIGPOLL
+   complexity unnecessary, i.e., we could just enable SIGPOLL all the
+   time and wouldn't have to worry about races. */
+static void sigPollHandler(int sigNo)
+{
+    using namespace std;
+    try {
+        /* Check that the far side actually closed.  We're still
+           getting spurious signals every once in a while.  I.e.,
+           there is no input available, but we get a signal with
+           POLL_IN set.  Maybe it's delayed or something. */
+        if (isFarSideClosed(from.fd)) {
+            if (!blockInt) {
+                _isInterrupted = 1;
+                blockInt = 1;
+                canSendStderr = false;
+                const char * s = "SIGPOLL\n";
+                write(STDERR_FILENO, s, strlen(s));
+            }
+        } else {
+            const char * s = "spurious SIGPOLL\n";
+            write(STDERR_FILENO, s, strlen(s));
+        }
+    }
+    catch (Error & e) {
+        /* Shouldn't happen. */
+        string s = "impossible: " + e.msg() + '\n';
+        write(STDERR_FILENO, s.data(), s.size());
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void setSigPollAction(bool enable)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_HUP_NOTIFICATION
+    struct sigaction act, oact;
+    act.sa_handler = enable ? sigPollHandler : SIG_IGN;
+    sigfillset(&act.sa_mask);
+    act.sa_flags = 0;
+    if (sigaction(SIGPOLL, &act, &oact))
+        throw SysError("setting handler for SIGPOLL");
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/* startWork() means that we're starting an operation for which we
+   want to send out stderr to the client. */
+static void startWork()
+{
+    canSendStderr = true;
+
+    /* Handle client death asynchronously. */
+    setSigPollAction(true);
+
+    /* Of course, there is a race condition here: the socket could
+       have closed between when we last read from / wrote to it, and
+       between the time we set the handler for SIGPOLL.  In that case
+       we won't get the signal.  So do a non-blocking select() to find
+       out if any input is available on the socket.  If there is, it
+       has to be the 0-byte read that indicates that the socket has
+       closed. */
+    if (isFarSideClosed(from.fd)) {
+        _isInterrupted = 1;
+        checkInterrupt();
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* stopWork() means that we're done; stop sending stderr to the
+   client. */
+static void stopWork(bool success = true, const string & msg = "", unsigned int status = 0)
+{
+    /* Stop handling async client death; we're going to a state where
+       we're either sending or receiving from the client, so we'll be
+       notified of client death anyway. */
+    setSigPollAction(false);
+
+    canSendStderr = false;
+
+    if (success)
+        writeInt(STDERR_LAST, to);
+    else {
+        writeInt(STDERR_ERROR, to);
+        writeString(msg, to);
+        if (status != 0) writeInt(status, to);
+    }
+}
+
+
+struct TunnelSink : Sink
+{
+    Sink & to;
+    TunnelSink(Sink & to) : to(to) { }
+    virtual void operator () (const unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+    {
+        writeInt(STDERR_WRITE, to);
+        writeString(data, len, to);
+    }
+};
+
+
+struct TunnelSource : BufferedSource
+{
+    Source & from;
+    TunnelSource(Source & from) : from(from) { }
+    size_t readUnbuffered(unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+    {
+        /* Careful: we're going to receive data from the client now,
+           so we have to disable the SIGPOLL handler. */
+        setSigPollAction(false);
+        canSendStderr = false;
+
+        writeInt(STDERR_READ, to);
+        writeInt(len, to);
+        to.flush();
+        size_t n = readString(data, len, from);
+
+        startWork();
+        if (n == 0) throw EndOfFile("unexpected end-of-file");
+        return n;
+    }
+};
+
+
+/* If the NAR archive contains a single file at top-level, then save
+   the contents of the file to `s'.  Otherwise barf. */
+struct RetrieveRegularNARSink : ParseSink
+{
+    bool regular;
+    string s;
+
+    RetrieveRegularNARSink() : regular(true) { }
+
+    void createDirectory(const Path & path)
+    {
+        regular = false;
+    }
+
+    void receiveContents(unsigned char * data, unsigned int len)
+    {
+        s.append((const char *) data, len);
+    }
+
+    void createSymlink(const Path & path, const string & target)
+    {
+        regular = false;
+    }
+};
+
+
+/* Adapter class of a Source that saves all data read to `s'. */
+struct SavingSourceAdapter : Source
+{
+    Source & orig;
+    string s;
+    SavingSourceAdapter(Source & orig) : orig(orig) { }
+    size_t read(unsigned char * data, size_t len)
+    {
+        size_t n = orig.read(data, len);
+        s.append((const char *) data, n);
+        return n;
+    }
+};
+
+
+static void performOp(bool trusted, unsigned int clientVersion,
+    Source & from, Sink & to, unsigned int op)
+{
+    switch (op) {
+
+#if 0
+    case wopQuit: {
+        /* Close the database. */
+        store.reset((StoreAPI *) 0);
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    case wopIsValidPath: {
+        /* 'readStorePath' could raise an error leading to the connection
+           being closed.  To be able to recover from an invalid path error,
+           call 'startWork' early, and do 'assertStorePath' afterwards so
+           that the 'Error' exception handler doesn't close the
+           connection.  */
+        Path path = readString(from);
+        startWork();
+        assertStorePath(path);
+        bool result = store->isValidPath(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(result, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryValidPaths: {
+        PathSet paths = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+        startWork();
+        PathSet res = store->queryValidPaths(paths);
+        stopWork();
+        writeStrings(res, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopHasSubstitutes: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        PathSet res = store->querySubstitutablePaths(singleton<PathSet>(path));
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(res.find(path) != res.end(), to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQuerySubstitutablePaths: {
+        PathSet paths = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+        startWork();
+        PathSet res = store->querySubstitutablePaths(paths);
+        stopWork();
+        writeStrings(res, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryPathHash: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        Hash hash = store->queryPathHash(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeString(printHash(hash), to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryReferences:
+    case wopQueryReferrers:
+    case wopQueryValidDerivers:
+    case wopQueryDerivationOutputs: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        PathSet paths;
+        if (op == wopQueryReferences)
+            store->queryReferences(path, paths);
+        else if (op == wopQueryReferrers)
+            store->queryReferrers(path, paths);
+        else if (op == wopQueryValidDerivers)
+            paths = store->queryValidDerivers(path);
+        else paths = store->queryDerivationOutputs(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeStrings(paths, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryDerivationOutputNames: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        StringSet names;
+        names = store->queryDerivationOutputNames(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeStrings(names, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryDeriver: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        Path deriver = store->queryDeriver(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeString(deriver, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryPathFromHashPart: {
+        string hashPart = readString(from);
+        startWork();
+        Path path = store->queryPathFromHashPart(hashPart);
+        stopWork();
+        writeString(path, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopAddToStore: {
+        string baseName = readString(from);
+        bool fixed = readInt(from) == 1; /* obsolete */
+        bool recursive = readInt(from) == 1;
+        string s = readString(from);
+        /* Compatibility hack. */
+        if (!fixed) {
+            s = "sha256";
+            recursive = true;
+        }
+        HashType hashAlgo = parseHashType(s);
+
+        SavingSourceAdapter savedNAR(from);
+        RetrieveRegularNARSink savedRegular;
+
+        if (recursive) {
+            /* Get the entire NAR dump from the client and save it to
+               a string so that we can pass it to
+               addToStoreFromDump(). */
+            ParseSink sink; /* null sink; just parse the NAR */
+            parseDump(sink, savedNAR);
+        } else
+            parseDump(savedRegular, from);
+
+        startWork();
+        if (!savedRegular.regular) throw Error("regular file expected");
+        Path path = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(store.get())
+            ->addToStoreFromDump(recursive ? savedNAR.s : savedRegular.s, baseName, recursive, hashAlgo);
+        stopWork();
+
+        writeString(path, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopAddTextToStore: {
+        string suffix = readString(from);
+        string s = readString(from);
+        PathSet refs = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+        startWork();
+        Path path = store->addTextToStore(suffix, s, refs);
+        stopWork();
+        writeString(path, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopExportPath: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        bool sign = readInt(from) == 1;
+        startWork();
+        TunnelSink sink(to);
+        store->exportPath(path, sign, sink);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopImportPaths: {
+        startWork();
+        TunnelSource source(from);
+        Paths paths = store->importPaths(true, source);
+        stopWork();
+        writeStrings(paths, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopBuildPaths: {
+        PathSet drvs = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+        startWork();
+        store->buildPaths(drvs);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopEnsurePath: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        store->ensurePath(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopAddTempRoot: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        store->addTempRoot(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopAddIndirectRoot: {
+        Path path = absPath(readString(from));
+        startWork();
+        store->addIndirectRoot(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopSyncWithGC: {
+        startWork();
+        store->syncWithGC();
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopFindRoots: {
+        startWork();
+        Roots roots = store->findRoots();
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(roots.size(), to);
+        for (Roots::iterator i = roots.begin(); i != roots.end(); ++i) {
+            writeString(i->first, to);
+            writeString(i->second, to);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopCollectGarbage: {
+        GCOptions options;
+        options.action = (GCOptions::GCAction) readInt(from);
+        options.pathsToDelete = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+        options.ignoreLiveness = readInt(from);
+        options.maxFreed = readLongLong(from);
+        readInt(from); // obsolete field
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 5) {
+            /* removed options */
+            readInt(from);
+            readInt(from);
+        }
+
+        GCResults results;
+
+        startWork();
+        if (options.ignoreLiveness)
+            throw Error("you are not allowed to ignore liveness");
+        store->collectGarbage(options, results);
+        stopWork();
+
+        writeStrings(results.paths, to);
+        writeLongLong(results.bytesFreed, to);
+        writeLongLong(0, to); // obsolete
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopSetOptions: {
+        settings.keepFailed = readInt(from) != 0;
+        settings.keepGoing = readInt(from) != 0;
+        settings.set("build-fallback", readInt(from) ? "true" : "false");
+        verbosity = (Verbosity) readInt(from);
+        settings.set("build-max-jobs", int2String(readInt(from)));
+        settings.set("build-max-silent-time", int2String(readInt(from)));
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 2)
+            settings.useBuildHook = readInt(from) != 0;
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 4) {
+            settings.buildVerbosity = (Verbosity) readInt(from);
+            logType = (LogType) readInt(from);
+            settings.printBuildTrace = readInt(from) != 0;
+        }
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 6)
+            settings.set("build-cores", int2String(readInt(from)));
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 10)
+            settings.set("build-use-substitutes", readInt(from) ? "true" : "false");
+        if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 12) {
+            unsigned int n = readInt(from);
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                string name = readString(from);
+                string value = readString(from);
+                if (name == "build-timeout" || name == "use-ssh-substituter")
+                    settings.set(name, value);
+                else
+                    settings.set(trusted ? name : "untrusted-" + name, value);
+            }
+        }
+        settings.update();
+        startWork();
+        stopWork();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQuerySubstitutablePathInfo: {
+        Path path = absPath(readString(from));
+        startWork();
+        SubstitutablePathInfos infos;
+        store->querySubstitutablePathInfos(singleton<PathSet>(path), infos);
+        stopWork();
+        SubstitutablePathInfos::iterator i = infos.find(path);
+        if (i == infos.end())
+            writeInt(0, to);
+        else {
+            writeInt(1, to);
+            writeString(i->second.deriver, to);
+            writeStrings(i->second.references, to);
+            writeLongLong(i->second.downloadSize, to);
+            if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 7)
+                writeLongLong(i->second.narSize, to);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQuerySubstitutablePathInfos: {
+        PathSet paths = readStorePaths<PathSet>(from);
+        startWork();
+        SubstitutablePathInfos infos;
+        store->querySubstitutablePathInfos(paths, infos);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(infos.size(), to);
+        foreach (SubstitutablePathInfos::iterator, i, infos) {
+            writeString(i->first, to);
+            writeString(i->second.deriver, to);
+            writeStrings(i->second.references, to);
+            writeLongLong(i->second.downloadSize, to);
+            writeLongLong(i->second.narSize, to);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryAllValidPaths: {
+        startWork();
+        PathSet paths = store->queryAllValidPaths();
+        stopWork();
+        writeStrings(paths, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryFailedPaths: {
+        startWork();
+        PathSet paths = store->queryFailedPaths();
+        stopWork();
+        writeStrings(paths, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopClearFailedPaths: {
+        PathSet paths = readStrings<PathSet>(from);
+        startWork();
+        store->clearFailedPaths(paths);
+        stopWork();
+        writeInt(1, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case wopQueryPathInfo: {
+        Path path = readStorePath(from);
+        startWork();
+        ValidPathInfo info = store->queryPathInfo(path);
+        stopWork();
+        writeString(info.deriver, to);
+        writeString(printHash(info.hash), to);
+        writeStrings(info.references, to);
+        writeInt(info.registrationTime, to);
+        writeLongLong(info.narSize, to);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        throw Error(format("invalid operation %1%") % op);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void processConnection(bool trusted)
+{
+    canSendStderr = false;
+    myPid = getpid();
+    _writeToStderr = tunnelStderr;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_HUP_NOTIFICATION
+    /* Allow us to receive SIGPOLL for events on the client socket. */
+    setSigPollAction(false);
+    if (fcntl(from.fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()) == -1)
+        throw SysError("F_SETOWN");
+    if (fcntl(from.fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(from.fd, F_GETFL, 0) | O_ASYNC) == -1)
+        throw SysError("F_SETFL");
+#endif
+
+    /* Exchange the greeting. */
+    unsigned int magic = readInt(from);
+    if (magic != WORKER_MAGIC_1) throw Error("protocol mismatch");
+    writeInt(WORKER_MAGIC_2, to);
+    writeInt(PROTOCOL_VERSION, to);
+    to.flush();
+    unsigned int clientVersion = readInt(from);
+
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 14 && readInt(from))
+        setAffinityTo(readInt(from));
+
+    bool reserveSpace = true;
+    if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 11)
+        reserveSpace = readInt(from) != 0;
+
+    /* Send startup error messages to the client. */
+    startWork();
+
+    try {
+
+        /* If we can't accept clientVersion, then throw an error
+           *here* (not above). */
+
+#if 0
+        /* Prevent users from doing something very dangerous. */
+        if (geteuid() == 0 &&
+            querySetting("build-users-group", "") == "")
+            throw Error("if you run `nix-daemon' as root, then you MUST set `build-users-group'!");
+#endif
+
+        /* Open the store. */
+        store = std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI>(new LocalStore(reserveSpace));
+
+        stopWork();
+        to.flush();
+
+    } catch (Error & e) {
+        stopWork(false, e.msg());
+        to.flush();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Process client requests. */
+    unsigned int opCount = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+        WorkerOp op;
+        try {
+            op = (WorkerOp) readInt(from);
+        } catch (EndOfFile & e) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        opCount++;
+
+        try {
+            performOp(trusted, clientVersion, from, to, op);
+        } catch (Error & e) {
+            /* If we're not in a state where we can send replies, then
+               something went wrong processing the input of the
+               client.  This can happen especially if I/O errors occur
+               during addTextToStore() / importPath().  If that
+               happens, just send the error message and exit. */
+            bool errorAllowed = canSendStderr;
+            if (!errorAllowed) printMsg(lvlError, format("error processing client input: %1%") % e.msg());
+            stopWork(false, e.msg(), GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 8 ? e.status : 0);
+            if (!errorAllowed) break;
+        } catch (std::bad_alloc & e) {
+            if (canSendStderr)
+                stopWork(false, "Nix daemon out of memory", GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 8 ? 1 : 0);
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        to.flush();
+
+        assert(!canSendStderr);
+    };
+
+    printMsg(lvlError, format("%1% operations") % opCount);
+}
+
+
+static void sigChldHandler(int sigNo)
+{
+    /* Reap all dead children. */
+    while (waitpid(-1, 0, WNOHANG) > 0) ;
+}
+
+
+static void setSigChldAction(bool autoReap)
+{
+    struct sigaction act, oact;
+    act.sa_handler = autoReap ? sigChldHandler : SIG_DFL;
+    sigfillset(&act.sa_mask);
+    act.sa_flags = 0;
+    if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, &oact))
+        throw SysError("setting SIGCHLD handler");
+}
+
+
+#define SD_LISTEN_FDS_START 3
+
+
+static void daemonLoop()
+{
+    /* Get rid of children automatically; don't let them become
+       zombies. */
+    setSigChldAction(true);
+
+    AutoCloseFD fdSocket;
+
+    /* Handle socket-based activation by systemd. */
+    if (getEnv("LISTEN_FDS") != "") {
+        if (getEnv("LISTEN_PID") != int2String(getpid()) || getEnv("LISTEN_FDS") != "1")
+            throw Error("unexpected systemd environment variables");
+        fdSocket = SD_LISTEN_FDS_START;
+    }
+
+    /* Otherwise, create and bind to a Unix domain socket. */
+    else {
+
+        /* Create and bind to a Unix domain socket. */
+        fdSocket = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+        if (fdSocket == -1)
+            throw SysError("cannot create Unix domain socket");
+
+        string socketPath = settings.nixDaemonSocketFile;
+
+        createDirs(dirOf(socketPath));
+
+        /* Urgh, sockaddr_un allows path names of only 108 characters.
+           So chdir to the socket directory so that we can pass a
+           relative path name. */
+        chdir(dirOf(socketPath).c_str());
+        Path socketPathRel = "./" + baseNameOf(socketPath);
+
+        struct sockaddr_un addr;
+        addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+        if (socketPathRel.size() >= sizeof(addr.sun_path))
+            throw Error(format("socket path `%1%' is too long") % socketPathRel);
+        strcpy(addr.sun_path, socketPathRel.c_str());
+
+        unlink(socketPath.c_str());
+
+        /* Make sure that the socket is created with 0666 permission
+           (everybody can connect --- provided they have access to the
+           directory containing the socket). */
+        mode_t oldMode = umask(0111);
+        int res = bind(fdSocket, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr));
+        umask(oldMode);
+        if (res == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("cannot bind to socket `%1%'") % socketPath);
+
+        chdir("/"); /* back to the root */
+
+        if (listen(fdSocket, 5) == -1)
+            throw SysError(format("cannot listen on socket `%1%'") % socketPath);
+    }
+
+    closeOnExec(fdSocket);
+
+    /* Loop accepting connections. */
+    while (1) {
+
+        try {
+            /* Important: the server process *cannot* open the SQLite
+               database, because it doesn't like forks very much. */
+            assert(!store);
+
+            /* Accept a connection. */
+            struct sockaddr_un remoteAddr;
+            socklen_t remoteAddrLen = sizeof(remoteAddr);
+
+            AutoCloseFD remote = accept(fdSocket,
+                (struct sockaddr *) &remoteAddr, &remoteAddrLen);
+            checkInterrupt();
+            if (remote == -1) {
+                if (errno == EINTR)
+                    continue;
+                else
+                    throw SysError("accepting connection");
+            }
+
+            closeOnExec(remote);
+
+            /* Get the identity of the caller, if possible. */
+            uid_t clientUid = -1;
+            pid_t clientPid = -1;
+            bool trusted = false;
+
+#if defined(SO_PEERCRED)
+            ucred cred;
+            socklen_t credLen = sizeof(cred);
+            if (getsockopt(remote, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &cred, &credLen) != -1) {
+                clientPid = cred.pid;
+                clientUid = cred.uid;
+                if (clientUid == 0) trusted = true;
+            }
+#endif
+
+            printMsg(lvlInfo, format("accepted connection from pid %1%, uid %2%") % clientPid % clientUid);
+
+            /* Fork a child to handle the connection. */
+            pid_t child;
+            child = fork();
+
+            switch (child) {
+
+            case -1:
+                throw SysError("unable to fork");
+
+            case 0:
+                try { /* child */
+
+                    /* Background the daemon. */
+                    if (setsid() == -1)
+                        throw SysError(format("creating a new session"));
+
+                    /* Restore normal handling of SIGCHLD. */
+                    setSigChldAction(false);
+
+                    /* For debugging, stuff the pid into argv[1]. */
+                    if (clientPid != -1 && argvSaved[1]) {
+                        string processName = int2String(clientPid);
+                        strncpy(argvSaved[1], processName.c_str(), strlen(argvSaved[1]));
+                    }
+
+                    /* Handle the connection. */
+                    from.fd = remote;
+                    to.fd = remote;
+                    processConnection(trusted);
+
+                } catch (std::exception & e) {
+                    writeToStderr("unexpected Nix daemon error: " + string(e.what()) + "\n");
+                }
+                exit(0);
+            }
+
+        } catch (Interrupted & e) {
+            throw;
+        } catch (Error & e) {
+            printMsg(lvlError, format("error processing connection: %1%") % e.msg());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void run(Strings args)
+{
+    for (Strings::iterator i = args.begin(); i != args.end(); ) {
+        string arg = *i++;
+        if (arg == "--daemon") /* ignored for backwards compatibility */;
+    }
+
+    chdir("/");
+    daemonLoop();
+}
+
+
+void printHelp()
+{
+    showManPage("nix-daemon");
+}
+
+
+string programId = "nix-daemon";