path: root/src/or/routerlist.c

/* Copyright 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
 * Copyright 2001-2004 Roger Dingledine.
 * Copyright 2004-2005 Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson. */
/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
/* $Id$ */
const char routerlist_c_id[] = "$Id$";

/**
 * \file routerlist.c
 * \brief Code to
 * maintain and access the global list of routerinfos for known
 * servers.
 **/

#include "or.h"

/****************************************************************************/

/** Global list of a trusted_dir_server_t object for each trusted directory
 * server. */
static smartlist_t *trusted_dir_servers = NULL;

/* static function prototypes */
static routerinfo_t *router_pick_directory_server_impl(int requireother,
                                                       int fascistfirewall,
                                                       int for_v2_directory);
static trusted_dir_server_t *router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(
                int need_v1_support, int requireother, int fascistfirewall);
static void mark_all_trusteddirservers_up(void);
static int router_nickname_is_in_list(routerinfo_t *router, const char *list);
static int router_nickname_matches(routerinfo_t *router, const char *nickname);

/****************************************************************************/

/****
 * Functions to manage and access our list of known routers. (Note:
 * dirservers maintain a separate, independent list of known router
 * descriptors.)
 ****/

/** Global list of all of the routers that we know about. */
static routerlist_t *routerlist = NULL;

extern int has_fetched_directory; /**< from main.c */

/** Global list of all of the current network_status documents that we know
 * about.  This list is kept sorted by published_on. */
static smartlist_t *networkstatus_list = NULL;
/** True iff networkstatus_list has changed since the last time we called
 * routers_update_all_from_networkstatus.  Set by router_set_networkstatus;
 * cleared by routers_update_all_from_networkstatus.
 */
static int networkstatus_list_has_changed = 0;

/** Repopulate our list of network_status_t objects from the list cached on
 * disk.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
int
router_reload_networkstatus(void)
{
  char filename[512];
  struct stat st;
  smartlist_t *entries, *bad_names;
  char *s;
  tor_assert(get_options()->DataDirectory);
  if (!networkstatus_list)
    networkstatus_list = smartlist_create();

  tor_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),"%s/cached-status",
               get_options()->DataDirectory);
  entries = tor_listdir(filename);
  bad_names = smartlist_create();
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entries, const char *, fn, {
      char buf[DIGEST_LEN];
      if (strlen(fn) != HEX_DIGEST_LEN ||
          base16_decode(buf, sizeof(buf), fn, strlen(fn))) {
        log_fn(LOG_INFO,
               "Skipping cached-status file with unexpected name \"%s\"",fn);
        continue;
      }
      tor_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),"%s/cached-status/%s",
                   get_options()->DataDirectory, fn);
      s = read_file_to_str(filename, 0);
      if (s) {
        stat(filename, &st);
        if (router_set_networkstatus(s, st.st_mtime, NS_FROM_CACHE, NULL)<0) {
          log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Couldn't load networkstatus from \"%s\"",filename);
        }
        tor_free(s);
      }
    });
  networkstatus_list_clean(time(NULL));
  routers_update_all_from_networkstatus();
  return 0;
}

/* Router descriptor storage.
 *
 * Routerdescs are stored in a big file, named "cached-routers".  As new
 * routerdescs arrive, we append them to a journal file named
 * "cached-routers.new".
 *
 * From time to time, we replace "cached-routers" with a new file containing
 * only the live, non-superseded descriptors, and clear cached-routers.new.
 *
 * On startup, we read both files.
 */

/** The size of the router log, in bytes. */
static size_t router_journal_len = 0;
/** The size of the router store, in bytes. */
static size_t router_store_len = 0;

/** Helper: return 1 iff the router log is so big we want to rebuild the
 * store. */
static int
router_should_rebuild_store(void)
{
  if (router_store_len > (1<<16))
    return router_journal_len > router_store_len / 2;
  else
    return router_journal_len > (1<<15);
}

/** Add the <b>len</b>-type router descriptor in <b>s</b> to the router
 * journal. */
static int
router_append_to_journal(const char *s, size_t len)
{
  or_options_t *options = get_options();
  size_t fname_len = strlen(options->DataDirectory)+32;
  char *fname = tor_malloc(len);

  tor_snprintf(fname, fname_len, "%s/cached-routers.new",
               options->DataDirectory);

  if (!len)
    len = strlen(s);

  if (append_bytes_to_file(fname, s, len, 0)) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Unable to store router descriptor");
    tor_free(fname);
    return -1;
  }

  tor_free(fname);
  router_journal_len += len;
  return 0;
}

/** If the journal is too long, or if <b>force</b> is true, then atomically
 * replace the router store with the routers currently in our routerlist, and
 * clear the journal.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 */
static int
router_rebuild_store(int force)
{
  size_t len = 0;
  or_options_t *options;
  size_t fname_len;
  smartlist_t *chunk_list = NULL;
  char *fname = NULL;
  int r = -1;

  if (!force && !router_should_rebuild_store())
    return 0;
  if (!routerlist)
    return 0;

  /* Don't save deadweight. */
  routerlist_remove_old_routers(ROUTER_MAX_AGE);

  options = get_options();
  fname_len = strlen(options->DataDirectory)+32;
  fname = tor_malloc(fname_len);
  tor_snprintf(fname, fname_len, "%s/cached-routers", options->DataDirectory);
  chunk_list = smartlist_create();

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri,
  {
    sized_chunk_t *c;
    if (!ri->signed_descriptor) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Bug! No descriptor stored for router '%s'.",
             ri->nickname);
      goto done;
    }
    c = tor_malloc(sizeof(sized_chunk_t));
    c->bytes = ri->signed_descriptor;
    c->len = ri->signed_descriptor_len;
    smartlist_add(chunk_list, c);
  });

  if (write_chunks_to_file(fname, chunk_list, 0)<0) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Error writing router store to disk.");
    goto done;
  }

  tor_snprintf(fname, fname_len, "%s/cached-routers.new",
               options->DataDirectory);

  write_str_to_file(fname, "", 0);

  r = 0;
  router_store_len = len;
  router_journal_len = 0;
 done:
  tor_free(fname);
  if (chunk_list) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunk_list, sized_chunk_t *, c, tor_free(c));
    smartlist_free(chunk_list);
  }
  return r;
}

/* DOCDOC */
int
router_reload_router_list(void)
{
  or_options_t *options = get_options();
  size_t fname_len = strlen(options->DataDirectory)+32;
  char *fname = tor_malloc(fname_len);
  struct stat st;
  int j;

  if (!routerlist) {
    routerlist = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(routerlist_t));
    routerlist->routers = smartlist_create();
  }

  router_journal_len = router_store_len = 0;

  for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
    char *contents;
    tor_snprintf(fname, fname_len,
                 (j==0)?"%s/cached-routers":"%s/cached-routers.new",
                 options->DataDirectory);
    contents = read_file_to_str(fname, 0);
    if (contents) {
      stat(fname, &st);
      if (j==0)
        router_store_len = st.st_size;
      else
        router_journal_len = st.st_size;
      router_load_routers_from_string(contents, 1, NULL);
      tor_free(contents);
    }
  }

  /* Don't cache expired routers. */
  routerlist_remove_old_routers(ROUTER_MAX_AGE);

  if (router_journal_len) {
    /* Always clear the journal on startup.*/
    router_rebuild_store(1);
  }
  return 0;
}

/** Set *<b>outp</b> to a smartlist containing a list of
 * trusted_dir_server_t * for all known trusted dirservers.  Callers
 * must not modify the list or its contents.
 */
void
router_get_trusted_dir_servers(smartlist_t **outp)
{
  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    trusted_dir_servers = smartlist_create();

  *outp = trusted_dir_servers;
}

/** Try to find a running dirserver. If there are no running dirservers
 * in our routerlist and <b>retry_if_no_servers</b> is non-zero,
 * set all the authoritative ones as running again, and pick one;
 * if there are then no dirservers at all in our routerlist,
 * reload the routerlist and try one last time. If for_runningrouters is
 * true, then only pick a dirserver that can answer runningrouters queries
 * (that is, a trusted dirserver, or one running 0.0.9rc5-cvs or later).
 * Other args are as in router_pick_directory_server_impl().
 */
routerinfo_t *
router_pick_directory_server(int requireother,
                             int fascistfirewall,
                             int for_v2_directory,
                             int retry_if_no_servers)
{
  routerinfo_t *choice;

  if (!routerlist)
    return NULL;

  choice = router_pick_directory_server_impl(requireother, fascistfirewall,
                                             for_v2_directory);
  if (choice || !retry_if_no_servers)
    return choice;

  log_fn(LOG_INFO,"No reachable router entries for dirservers. Trying them all again.");
  /* mark all authdirservers as up again */
  mark_all_trusteddirservers_up();
  /* try again */
  choice = router_pick_directory_server_impl(requireother, fascistfirewall,
                                             for_v2_directory);
  if (choice)
    return choice;

  log_fn(LOG_INFO,"Still no %s router entries. Reloading and trying again.",
         firewall_is_fascist() ? "reachable" : "known");
  has_fetched_directory=0; /* reset it */
  if (router_reload_router_list()) {
    return NULL;
  }
  /* give it one last try */
  choice = router_pick_directory_server_impl(requireother, 0,
                                             for_v2_directory);
  return choice;
}

trusted_dir_server_t *
router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(const char *digest)
{
  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    return NULL;

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
     {
       if (!memcmp(ds->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
         return ds;
     });

  return NULL;
}

/** Try to find a running trusted dirserver. If there are no running
 * trusted dirservers and <b>retry_if_no_servers</b> is non-zero,
 * set them all as running again, and try again.
 * Other args are as in router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl().
 */
trusted_dir_server_t *
router_pick_trusteddirserver(int need_v1_support,
                             int requireother,
                             int fascistfirewall,
                             int retry_if_no_servers)
{
  trusted_dir_server_t *choice;

  choice = router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(need_v1_support,
                                             requireother, fascistfirewall);
  if (choice || !retry_if_no_servers)
    return choice;

  log_fn(LOG_INFO,"No trusted dirservers are reachable. Trying them all again.");
  mark_all_trusteddirservers_up();
  return router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(need_v1_support,
                                           requireother, fascistfirewall);
}

/** Pick a random running verified directory server/mirror from our
 * routerlist.
 * If <b>fascistfirewall</b> and we're not using a proxy,
 * make sure the port we pick is allowed by options-\>firewallports.
 * If <b>requireother</b>, it cannot be us.  If <b>for_v2_directory</b>,
 * choose a directory server new enough to support the v2 directory
 * functionality.
 */
static routerinfo_t *
router_pick_directory_server_impl(int requireother, int fascistfirewall,
                                  int for_v2_directory)
{
  routerinfo_t *result;
  smartlist_t *sl;

  if (!routerlist)
    return NULL;

  if (get_options()->HttpProxy)
    fascistfirewall = 0;

  /* Find all the running dirservers we know about. */
  sl = smartlist_create();
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
  {
    if (!router->is_running || !router->dir_port || !router->is_verified)
      continue;
    if (requireother && router_is_me(router))
      continue;
    if (fascistfirewall) {
      if (!fascist_firewall_allows_address(router->addr, router->dir_port))
        continue;
    }
    /* Before 0.1.1.6-alpha, only trusted dirservers served status info.
     * Before 0.1.1.7-alpha, retrieving nonexistent server IDs could bork
     * the directory server.
     */
    if (for_v2_directory &&
        !(tor_version_as_new_as(router->platform,"0.1.1.7-alpha") ||
          router_digest_is_trusted_dir(router->identity_digest)))
      continue;
    smartlist_add(sl, router);
  });

  result = smartlist_choose(sl);
  smartlist_free(sl);
  return result;
}

/** Choose randomly from among the trusted dirservers that are up.
 * If <b>fascistfirewall</b> and we're not using a proxy,
 * make sure the port we pick is allowed by options-\>firewallports.
 * If <b>requireother</b>, it cannot be us.  If <b>need_v1_support</b>, choose
 * a trusted authority for the v1 directory system.
 */
static trusted_dir_server_t *
router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(int need_v1_support,
                                  int requireother, int fascistfirewall)
{
  smartlist_t *sl;
  routerinfo_t *me;
  trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
  sl = smartlist_create();
  me = router_get_my_routerinfo();

  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    return NULL;

  if (get_options()->HttpProxy)
    fascistfirewall = 0;

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, d,
    {
      if (!d->is_running) continue;
      if (need_v1_support && !d->supports_v1_protocol)
        continue;
      if (requireother && me &&
          !memcmp(me->identity_digest, d->digest, DIGEST_LEN))
        continue;
      if (fascistfirewall) {
        if (!fascist_firewall_allows_address(d->addr, d->dir_port))
          continue;
      }
      smartlist_add(sl, d);
    });

  ds = smartlist_choose(sl);
  smartlist_free(sl);
  return ds;
}

/** Go through and mark the authoritative dirservers as up. */
static void
mark_all_trusteddirservers_up(void)
{
  if (routerlist) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
                 if (router_digest_is_trusted_dir(router->identity_digest) &&
                     router->dir_port > 0) {
                   router->is_running = 1;
                 });
  }
  if (trusted_dir_servers) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, dir,
    {
      dir->is_running = 1;
      dir->n_networkstatus_failures = 0;
    });
  }
}

/** Return 0 if \\exists an authoritative dirserver that's currently
 * thought to be running, else return 1.
 */
int
all_trusted_directory_servers_down(void)
{
  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    return 1;
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, dir,
                    if (dir->is_running) return 0);
  return 1;
}

/** Add all the family of <b>router</b> to the smartlist <b>sl</b>.
 * This is used to make sure we don't pick siblings in a single path.
 */
void
routerlist_add_family(smartlist_t *sl, routerinfo_t *router)
{
  routerinfo_t *r;
  config_line_t *cl;

  if (!router->declared_family)
    return;

  /* Add every r such that router declares familyness with r, and r
   * declares familyhood with router. */
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router->declared_family, const char *, n,
    {
      if (!(r = router_get_by_nickname(n)))
        continue;
      if (!r->declared_family)
        continue;
      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(r->declared_family, const char *, n2,
        {
          if (router_nickname_matches(router, n2))
            smartlist_add(sl, r);
        });
    });

  /* If the user declared any families locally, honor those too. */
  for (cl = get_options()->NodeFamilies; cl; cl = cl->next) {
    if (router_nickname_is_in_list(router, cl->value)) {
      add_nickname_list_to_smartlist(sl, cl->value, 0);
    }
  }
}

/** List of strings for nicknames we've already warned about and that are
 * still unknown / unavailable. */
static smartlist_t *warned_nicknames = NULL;

/** Given a comma-and-whitespace separated list of nicknames, see which
 * nicknames in <b>list</b> name routers in our routerlist that are
 * currently running.  Add the routerinfos for those routers to <b>sl</b>.
 */
void
add_nickname_list_to_smartlist(smartlist_t *sl, const char *list, int warn_if_down)
{
  routerinfo_t *router;
  smartlist_t *nickname_list;

  if (!list)
    return; /* nothing to do */
  tor_assert(sl);

  nickname_list = smartlist_create();
  if (!warned_nicknames)
    warned_nicknames = smartlist_create();

  smartlist_split_string(nickname_list, list, ",",
                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nickname_list, const char *, nick, {
    int warned;
    if (!is_legal_nickname_or_hexdigest(nick)) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN,"Nickname %s is misformed; skipping", nick);
      continue;
    }
    router = router_get_by_nickname(nick);
    warned = smartlist_string_isin(warned_nicknames, nick);
    if (router) {
      if (router->is_running) {
        smartlist_add(sl,router);
        if (warned)
          smartlist_string_remove(warned_nicknames, nick);
      } else {
        if (!warned) {
          log_fn(warn_if_down ? LOG_WARN : LOG_DEBUG,
                 "Nickname list includes '%s' which is known but down.",nick);
          smartlist_add(warned_nicknames, tor_strdup(nick));
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (!warned) {
        log_fn(has_fetched_directory ? LOG_WARN : LOG_INFO,
               "Nickname list includes '%s' which isn't a known router.",nick);
        smartlist_add(warned_nicknames, tor_strdup(nick));
      }
    }
  });
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nickname_list, char *, nick, tor_free(nick));
  smartlist_free(nickname_list);
}

/** Return 1 iff any member of the comma-separated list <b>list</b> is an
 * acceptable nickname or hexdigest for <b>router</b>.  Else return 0.
 */
static int
router_nickname_is_in_list(routerinfo_t *router, const char *list)
{
  smartlist_t *nickname_list;
  int v = 0;

  if (!list)
    return 0; /* definitely not */
  tor_assert(router);

  nickname_list = smartlist_create();
  smartlist_split_string(nickname_list, list, ",",
                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nickname_list, const char *, cp,
                    if (router_nickname_matches(router, cp)) {v=1;break;});
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nickname_list, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
  smartlist_free(nickname_list);
  return v;
}

/** Add every router from our routerlist that is currently running to
 * <b>sl</b>.
 */
static void
router_add_running_routers_to_smartlist(smartlist_t *sl, int allow_unverified,
                                        int need_uptime, int need_capacity)
{
  if (!routerlist)
    return;

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
  {
    if (router->is_running &&
        (router->is_verified ||
        (allow_unverified &&
         !router_is_unreliable(router, need_uptime, need_capacity)))) {
      /* If it's running, and either it's verified or we're ok picking
       * unverified routers and this one is suitable.
       */
      smartlist_add(sl, router);
    }
  });
}

/** Look through the routerlist until we find a router that has my key.
 Return it. */
routerinfo_t *
routerlist_find_my_routerinfo(void)
{
  if (!routerlist)
    return NULL;

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
  {
    if (router_is_me(router))
      return router;
  });
  return NULL;
}

/** Find a router that's up, that has this IP address, and
 * that allows exit to this address:port, or return NULL if there
 * isn't a good one.
 */
routerinfo_t *
router_find_exact_exit_enclave(const char *address, uint16_t port)
{
  uint32_t addr;
  struct in_addr in;

  if (!tor_inet_aton(address, &in))
    return NULL; /* it's not an IP already */
  addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
  {
    log_fn(LOG_DEBUG,"Considering %s: %d, %u==%u, %d.",
           router->nickname,
           router->is_running,
           router->addr, addr,
           router_compare_addr_to_addr_policy(addr, port, router->exit_policy));
    if (router->is_running &&
        router->addr == addr &&
        router_compare_addr_to_addr_policy(addr, port, router->exit_policy) ==
          ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED)
      return router;
  });
  return NULL;
}

/** Return 1 if <b>router</b> is not suitable for these parameters, else 0.
 * If <b>need_uptime</b> is non-zero, we require a minimum uptime.
 * If <b>need_capacity</b> is non-zero, we require a minimum advertised
 * bandwidth.
 */
int
router_is_unreliable(routerinfo_t *router, int need_uptime, int need_capacity)
{
  if (need_uptime && router->uptime < ROUTER_REQUIRED_MIN_UPTIME)
    return 1;
  if (need_capacity && router->bandwidthcapacity < ROUTER_REQUIRED_MIN_BANDWIDTH)
    return 1;
  return 0;
}

/** Remove from routerlist <b>sl</b> all routers who have a low uptime. */
static void
routerlist_sl_remove_unreliable_routers(smartlist_t *sl)
{
  int i;
  routerinfo_t *router;

  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(sl); ++i) {
    router = smartlist_get(sl, i);
    if (router_is_unreliable(router, 1, 0)) {
//      log(LOG_DEBUG, "Router '%s' has insufficient uptime; deleting.",
 //         router->nickname);
      smartlist_del(sl, i--);
    }
  }
}

#define MAX_BELIEVABLE_BANDWIDTH 2000000 /* 2 MB/sec */

/** Choose a random element of router list <b>sl</b>, weighted by
 * the advertised bandwidth of each router.
 */
routerinfo_t *
routerlist_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl)
{
  int i;
  routerinfo_t *router;
  smartlist_t *bandwidths;
  uint32_t this_bw, tmp, total_bw=0, rand_bw;
  uint32_t *p;

  /* First count the total bandwidth weight, and make a smartlist
   * of each value. */
  bandwidths = smartlist_create();
  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(sl); ++i) {
    router = smartlist_get(sl, i);
    this_bw = (router->bandwidthcapacity < router->bandwidthrate) ?
               router->bandwidthcapacity : router->bandwidthrate;
    /* if they claim something huge, don't believe it */
    if (this_bw > MAX_BELIEVABLE_BANDWIDTH)
      this_bw = MAX_BELIEVABLE_BANDWIDTH;
    p = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t));
    *p = this_bw;
    smartlist_add(bandwidths, p);
    total_bw += this_bw;
  }
  if (!total_bw) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bandwidths, uint32_t*, p, tor_free(p));
    smartlist_free(bandwidths);
    return smartlist_choose(sl);
  }
  /* Second, choose a random value from the bandwidth weights. */
  rand_bw = crypto_pseudo_rand_int(total_bw);
  /* Last, count through sl until we get to the element we picked */
  tmp = 0;
  for (i=0; ; i++) {
    tor_assert(i < smartlist_len(sl));
    p = smartlist_get(bandwidths, i);
    tmp += *p;
    if (tmp >= rand_bw)
      break;
  }
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bandwidths, uint32_t*, p, tor_free(p));
  smartlist_free(bandwidths);
  return (routerinfo_t *)smartlist_get(sl, i);
}

/** Return a random running router from the routerlist.  If any node
 * named in <b>preferred</b> is available, pick one of those.  Never
 * pick a node named in <b>excluded</b>, or whose routerinfo is in
 * <b>excludedsmartlist</b>, even if they are the only nodes
 * available.  If <b>strict</b> is true, never pick any node besides
 * those in <b>preferred</b>.
 * If <b>need_uptime</b> is non-zero, don't return a router with less
 * than a minimum uptime.
 * If <b>need_capacity</b> is non-zero, weight your choice by the
 * advertised capacity of each router.
 */
routerinfo_t *
router_choose_random_node(const char *preferred,
                          const char *excluded,
                          smartlist_t *excludedsmartlist,
                          int need_uptime, int need_capacity,
                          int allow_unverified, int strict)
{
  smartlist_t *sl, *excludednodes;
  routerinfo_t *choice;

  excludednodes = smartlist_create();
  add_nickname_list_to_smartlist(excludednodes,excluded,0);

  /* Try the preferred nodes first. Ignore need_uptime and need_capacity,
   * since the user explicitly asked for these nodes. */
  sl = smartlist_create();
  add_nickname_list_to_smartlist(sl,preferred,1);
  smartlist_subtract(sl,excludednodes);
  if (excludedsmartlist)
    smartlist_subtract(sl,excludedsmartlist);
  choice = smartlist_choose(sl);
  smartlist_free(sl);
  if (!choice && !strict) {
    /* Then give up on our preferred choices: any node
     * will do that has the required attributes. */
    sl = smartlist_create();
    router_add_running_routers_to_smartlist(sl, allow_unverified,
                                            need_uptime, need_capacity);
    smartlist_subtract(sl,excludednodes);
    if (excludedsmartlist)
      smartlist_subtract(sl,excludedsmartlist);
    if (need_uptime)
      routerlist_sl_remove_unreliable_routers(sl);
    if (need_capacity)
      choice = routerlist_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(sl);
    else
      choice = smartlist_choose(sl);
    smartlist_free(sl);
  }
  smartlist_free(excludednodes);
  if (!choice)
    log_fn(LOG_WARN,"No available nodes when trying to choose node. Failing.");
  return choice;
}

/** Return true iff the digest of <b>router</b>'s identity key,
 * encoded in hexadecimal, matches <b>hexdigest</b> (which is
 * optionally prefixed with a single dollar sign).  Return false if
 * <b>hexdigest</b> is malformed, or it doesn't match.  */
static INLINE int
router_hex_digest_matches(routerinfo_t *router, const char *hexdigest)
{
  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
  tor_assert(hexdigest);
  if (hexdigest[0] == '$')
    ++hexdigest;

  if (strlen(hexdigest) != HEX_DIGEST_LEN ||
      base16_decode(digest, DIGEST_LEN, hexdigest, HEX_DIGEST_LEN)<0)
    return 0;
  return (!memcmp(digest, router->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
}

/** Return true if <b>router</b>'s nickname matches <b>nickname</b>
 * (case-insensitive), or if <b>router's</b> identity key digest
 * matches a hexadecimal value stored in <b>nickname</b>.  Return
 * false otherwise. */
static int
router_nickname_matches(routerinfo_t *router, const char *nickname)
{
  if (nickname[0]!='$' && !strcasecmp(router->nickname, nickname))
    return 1;
  return router_hex_digest_matches(router, nickname);
}

/** Return the router in our routerlist whose (case-insensitive)
 * nickname or (case-sensitive) hexadecimal key digest is
 * <b>nickname</b>.  Return NULL if no such router is known.
 */
routerinfo_t *
router_get_by_nickname(const char *nickname)
{
  int maybedigest;
  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];

  tor_assert(nickname);
  if (!routerlist)
    return NULL;
  if (nickname[0] == '$')
    return router_get_by_hexdigest(nickname);
  if (server_mode(get_options()) &&
      !strcasecmp(nickname, get_options()->Nickname))
    return router_get_my_routerinfo();

  maybedigest = (strlen(nickname) == HEX_DIGEST_LEN) &&
    (base16_decode(digest,DIGEST_LEN,nickname,HEX_DIGEST_LEN) == 0);

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
  {
    /* XXXX001 NM Should this restrict by Named rouers, or warn on
     * non-named routers, or something? */
    if (0 == strcasecmp(router->nickname, nickname) ||
        (maybedigest && 0 == memcmp(digest, router->identity_digest,
                                    DIGEST_LEN)))
      return router;
  });

  return NULL;
}

/** Return true iff <b>digest</b> is the digest of the identity key of
 * a trusted directory. */
int
router_digest_is_trusted_dir(const char *digest)
{
  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    return 0;
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ent,
                    if (!memcmp(digest, ent->digest, DIGEST_LEN)) return 1);
  return 0;
}

/** Return the router in our routerlist whose hexadecimal key digest
 * is <b>hexdigest</b>.  Return NULL if no such router is known. */
routerinfo_t *
router_get_by_hexdigest(const char *hexdigest)
{
  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];

  tor_assert(hexdigest);
  if (!routerlist)
    return NULL;
  if (hexdigest[0]=='$')
    ++hexdigest;
  if (strlen(hexdigest) != HEX_DIGEST_LEN ||
      base16_decode(digest,DIGEST_LEN,hexdigest,HEX_DIGEST_LEN) < 0)
    return NULL;

  return router_get_by_digest(digest);
}

/** Return the router in our routerlist whose 20-byte key digest
 * is <b>digest</b>.  Return NULL if no such router is known. */
routerinfo_t *
router_get_by_digest(const char *digest)
{
  tor_assert(digest);

  if (!routerlist) return NULL;

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t*, router,
  {
    if (0 == memcmp(router->identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
      return router;
  });

  return NULL;
}

/** Set *<b>prouterlist</b> to the current list of all known routers. */
void
router_get_routerlist(routerlist_t **prouterlist)
{
  *prouterlist = routerlist;
}

#if 0
/** Return the publication time on the current routerlist, or 0 if we have no
 * routerlist. */
time_t
routerlist_get_published_time(void)
{
  return routerlist ? routerlist->published_on : 0;
}
#endif

/** Free all storage held by <b>router</b>. */
void
routerinfo_free(routerinfo_t *router)
{
  if (!router)
    return;

  tor_free(router->signed_descriptor);
  tor_free(router->address);
  tor_free(router->nickname);
  tor_free(router->platform);
  tor_free(router->contact_info);
  if (router->onion_pkey)
    crypto_free_pk_env(router->onion_pkey);
  if (router->identity_pkey)
    crypto_free_pk_env(router->identity_pkey);
  if (router->declared_family) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router->declared_family, char *, s, tor_free(s));
    smartlist_free(router->declared_family);
  }
  addr_policy_free(router->exit_policy);
  tor_free(router);
}

/** Allocate a fresh copy of <b>router</b> */
routerinfo_t *
routerinfo_copy(const routerinfo_t *router)
{
  routerinfo_t *r;
  addr_policy_t **e, *tmp;

  r = tor_malloc(sizeof(routerinfo_t));
  memcpy(r, router, sizeof(routerinfo_t));

  r->address = tor_strdup(r->address);
  r->nickname = tor_strdup(r->nickname);
  r->platform = tor_strdup(r->platform);
  if (r->signed_descriptor)
    r->signed_descriptor = tor_strdup(r->signed_descriptor);
  if (r->onion_pkey)
    r->onion_pkey = crypto_pk_dup_key(r->onion_pkey);
  if (r->identity_pkey)
    r->identity_pkey = crypto_pk_dup_key(r->identity_pkey);
  e = &r->exit_policy;
  while (*e) {
    tmp = tor_malloc(sizeof(addr_policy_t));
    memcpy(tmp,*e,sizeof(addr_policy_t));
    *e = tmp;
    (*e)->string = tor_strdup((*e)->string);
    e = & ((*e)->next);
  }
  if (r->declared_family) {
    r->declared_family = smartlist_create();
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router->declared_family, const char *, s,
                      smartlist_add(r->declared_family, tor_strdup(s)));
  }
  return r;
}

/** Free all storage held by a routerlist <b>rl</b> */
void
routerlist_free(routerlist_t *rl)
{
  tor_assert(rl);
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, r,
                    routerinfo_free(r));
  smartlist_free(rl->routers);
  tor_free(rl);
}

/** Free all memory held by the rouerlist module */
void
routerlist_free_all(void)
{
  if (routerlist)
    routerlist_free(routerlist);
  routerlist = NULL;
  if (warned_nicknames) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(warned_nicknames, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
    smartlist_free(warned_nicknames);
    warned_nicknames = NULL;
  }
  if (trusted_dir_servers) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
                      { tor_free(ds->address); tor_free(ds); });
    smartlist_free(trusted_dir_servers);
    trusted_dir_servers = NULL;
  }
  if (networkstatus_list) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(networkstatus_list, networkstatus_t *, ns,
                      networkstatus_free(ns));
    smartlist_free(networkstatus_list);
    networkstatus_list = NULL;
  }
}

/** Free all storage held by the routerstatus object <b>rs</b>. */
void
routerstatus_free(routerstatus_t *rs)
{
  tor_free(rs);
}

/** Free all storage held by the networkstatus object <b>ns</b>. */
void
networkstatus_free(networkstatus_t *ns)
{
  tor_free(ns->source_address);
  tor_free(ns->contact);
  if (ns->signing_key)
    crypto_free_pk_env(ns->signing_key);
  tor_free(ns->client_versions);
  tor_free(ns->server_versions);
  if (ns->entries) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(ns->entries, routerstatus_t *, rs, routerstatus_free(rs));
    smartlist_free(ns->entries);
  }
  tor_free(ns);
}

/** Mark the router with ID <b>digest</b> as non-running in our routerlist. */
void
router_mark_as_down(const char *digest)
{
  routerinfo_t *router;
  tor_assert(digest);

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, d,
                    if (!memcmp(d->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
                      d->is_running = 0);

  router = router_get_by_digest(digest);
  if (!router) /* we don't seem to know about him in the first place */
    return;
  log_fn(LOG_DEBUG,"Marking router '%s' as down.",router->nickname);
  if (router_is_me(router) && !we_are_hibernating())
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "We just marked ourself as down. Are your external addresses reachable?");
  router->is_running = 0;
}

/** Add <b>router</b> to the routerlist, if we don't already have it.  Replace
 * older entries (if any) with the same name.  Note: Callers should not hold
 * their pointers to <b>router</b> if this function fails; <b>router</b>
 * will either be inserted into the routerlist or freed.
 *
 * Returns >= 0 if the router was added; less than 0 if it was not.
 *
 * If we're returning non-zero, then assign to *<b>msg</b> a static string
 * describing the reason for not liking the routerinfo.
 *
 * If the return value is less than -1, there was a problem with the
 * routerinfo. If the return value is equal to -1, then the routerinfo was
 * fine, but out-of-date. If the return value is equal to 1, the
 * routerinfo was accepted, but we should notify the generator of the
 * descriptor using the message *<b>msg</b>.
 *
 * DOCDOC very changed.  Also, MUST call update_status_from_networkstatus
 * first, and should call router_rebuild_store and
 * control_event_descriptors_changed after.
 *
 * XXXX never replace your own descriptor.
 */
int
router_add_to_routerlist(routerinfo_t *router, const char **msg,
                         int from_cache)
{
  int i;
  char id_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
  int authdir = get_options()->AuthoritativeDir;
  int authdir_verified = 0;

  tor_assert(msg);

  if (!routerlist) {
    routerlist = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(routerlist_t));
    routerlist->routers = smartlist_create();
  }

  crypto_pk_get_digest(router->identity_pkey, id_digest);

  if (authdir) {
    if (authdir_wants_to_reject_router(router, msg))
      return -2;
    authdir_verified = router->is_verified;
  }

  /* If we have a router with this name, and the identity key is the same,
   * choose the newer one. If the identity key has changed, drop the router.
   */
  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(routerlist->routers); ++i) {
    routerinfo_t *old_router = smartlist_get(routerlist->routers, i);
    if (!crypto_pk_cmp_keys(router->identity_pkey,old_router->identity_pkey)) {
      if (router->published_on <= old_router->published_on) {
        /* Same key, but old */
        log_fn(LOG_DEBUG, "Skipping not-new descriptor for router '%s'",
               router->nickname);
        routerinfo_free(router);
        *msg = "Router descriptor was not new.";
        return -1;
      } else {
        /* Same key, new. */
        int unreachable = 0;
        log_fn(LOG_DEBUG, "Replacing entry for router '%s/%s' [%s]",
               router->nickname, old_router->nickname,
               hex_str(id_digest,DIGEST_LEN));
        if (router->addr == old_router->addr &&
            router->or_port == old_router->or_port) {
          /* these carry over when the address and orport are unchanged.*/
          router->last_reachable = old_router->last_reachable;
          router->testing_since = old_router->testing_since;
          router->num_unreachable_notifications =
             old_router->num_unreachable_notifications;
        }
        if (authdir &&
            dirserv_thinks_router_is_blatantly_unreachable(router, time(NULL))) {
          if (router->num_unreachable_notifications >= 3) {
            unreachable = 1;
            log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, "Notifying server '%s' that it's unreachable. (ContactInfo '%s', platform '%s').",
              router->nickname, router->contact_info ? router->contact_info : "",
              router->platform ? router->platform : "");
          } else {
            log_fn(LOG_INFO,"'%s' may be unreachable -- the %d previous descriptors were thought to be unreachable.", router->nickname, router->num_unreachable_notifications);
            router->num_unreachable_notifications++;
          }
        }
        routerinfo_free(old_router);
        smartlist_set(routerlist->routers, i, router);
        if (!from_cache)
          router_append_to_journal(router->signed_descriptor,
                                   router->signed_descriptor_len);
        directory_set_dirty();
        *msg = unreachable ? "Dirserver believes your ORPort is unreachable" :
               authdir_verified ? "Verified server updated" :
               "Unverified server updated. (Have you sent us your key fingerprint?)";
        return unreachable ? 1 : 0;
      }
    } else if (!strcasecmp(router->nickname, old_router->nickname)) {
      /* nicknames match, keys don't. */
      if (router->is_named) {
        /* The new verified router replaces the old one; remove the
         * old one.  And carry on to the end of the list, in case
         * there are more old unverified routers with this nickname
         */
        /* mark-for-close connections using the old key, so we can
         * make new ones with the new key.
         */
        connection_t *conn;
        while ((conn = connection_get_by_identity_digest(
                                old_router->identity_digest, CONN_TYPE_OR))) {
          log_fn(LOG_INFO,"Closing conn to obsolete router '%s'",
                 old_router->nickname);
          connection_mark_for_close(conn);
        }
        routerinfo_free(old_router);
        smartlist_del_keeporder(routerlist->routers, i--);
      } else if (old_router->is_named) {
        /* Can't replace a verified router with an unverified one. */
        log_fn(LOG_DEBUG, "Skipping unverified entry for verified router '%s'",
               router->nickname);
        routerinfo_free(router);
        *msg = "Already have verified router with same nickname and different key.";
        return -2;
      }
    }
  }
  /* We haven't seen a router with this name before.  Add it to the end of
   * the list. */
  smartlist_add(routerlist->routers, router);
  if (!from_cache)
    router_append_to_journal(router->signed_descriptor,
                             router->signed_descriptor_len);
  directory_set_dirty();
  return 0;
}

/** Remove any routers from the routerlist that are more than <b>age</b>
 * seconds old.
 */
void
routerlist_remove_old_routers(int age)
{
  int i;
  time_t cutoff;
  routerinfo_t *router;
  if (!routerlist)
    return;

  cutoff = time(NULL) - age;
  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(routerlist->routers); ++i) {
    router = smartlist_get(routerlist->routers, i);
    if (router->published_on <= cutoff) {
      /* Too old.  Remove it. */
      log_fn(LOG_INFO,"Forgetting obsolete routerinfo for router '%s'", router->nickname);
      routerinfo_free(router);
      smartlist_del(routerlist->routers, i--);
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Code to parse a single router descriptor and insert it into the
 * routerlist.  Return -1 if the descriptor was ill-formed; 0 if the
 * descriptor was well-formed but could not be added; and 1 if the
 * descriptor was added.
 *
 * If we don't add it and <b>msg</b> is not NULL, then assign to
 * *<b>msg</b> a static string describing the reason for refusing the
 * descriptor.
 *
 * This is used only by the controller.
 */
int
router_load_single_router(const char *s, const char **msg)
{
  routerinfo_t *ri;
  tor_assert(msg);
  *msg = NULL;

  if (!(ri = router_parse_entry_from_string(s, NULL))) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Error parsing router descriptor; dropping.");
    *msg = "Couldn't parse router descriptor.";
    return -1;
  }
  if (router_is_me(ri)) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Router's identity key matches mine; dropping.");
    *msg = "Router's identity key matches mine.";
    routerinfo_free(ri);
    return 0;
  }
#if 0
  if (routerlist && routerlist->running_routers) {
    running_routers_t *rr = routerlist->running_routers;
    router_update_status_from_smartlist(ri,
                                        rr->published_on,
                                        rr->running_routers);
  }
#endif
  /* XXXX011 update router status from networkstatus!! */

  if (router_add_to_routerlist(ri, msg, 0)<0) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Couldn't add router to list: %s Dropping.",
           *msg?*msg:"(No message).");
    /* we've already assigned to *msg now, and ri is already freed */
    return 0;
  } else {
    smartlist_t *changed = smartlist_create();
    smartlist_add(changed, ri);
    control_event_descriptors_changed(changed);
    smartlist_free(changed);
  }

  log_fn(LOG_DEBUG, "Added router to list");
  return 1;
}

/* DOCDOC */
void
router_load_routers_from_string(const char *s, int from_cache,
                                smartlist_t *requested_fingerprints)
{
  smartlist_t *routers = smartlist_create(), *changed = smartlist_create();
  char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
  const char *msg;

  router_parse_list_from_string(&s, routers);

  routers_update_status_from_networkstatus(routers);

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routers, routerinfo_t *, ri,
  {
    base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), ri->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
    if (requested_fingerprints) {
      if (smartlist_string_isin(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
        smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
      } else {
        char *requested =
          smartlist_join_strings(requested_fingerprints," ",0,NULL);
        log_fn(LOG_WARN, "We received a router descriptor with a fingerprint (%s) that we never requested. (We asked for: %s.) Dropping.", fp, requested);
        tor_free(requested);
        routerinfo_free(ri);
        continue;
      }
    }

    if (router_add_to_routerlist(ri, &msg, from_cache) >= 0)
      smartlist_add(changed, ri);
  });

  control_event_descriptors_changed(changed);

  router_rebuild_store(0);

  smartlist_free(routers);
  smartlist_free(changed);
}

#if 0
/** Add to the current routerlist each router stored in the
 * signed directory <b>s</b>.  If pkey is provided, check the signature
 * against pkey; else check against the pkey of the signing directory
 * server.
 *
 * If <b>dir_is_recent</b> is non-zero, then examine the
 * Recommended-versions line and take appropriate action.
 *
 * If <b>dir_is_cached</b> is non-zero, then we're reading it
 * from the cache so don't bother to re-write it to the cache.
 */
int
router_load_routerlist_from_directory(const char *s,
                                      crypto_pk_env_t *pkey,
                                      int dir_is_recent,
                                      int dir_is_cached)
{
  routerlist_t *new_list = NULL;
  if (router_parse_routerlist_from_directory(s, &new_list, pkey,
                                             dir_is_recent,
                                             !dir_is_cached)) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Couldn't parse directory.");
    return -1;
  }
  if (routerlist) {
    /* Merge the new_list into routerlist, then free new_list. Also
     * keep a list of changed descriptors to inform controllers. */
    smartlist_t *changed = smartlist_create();
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(new_list->routers, routerinfo_t *, r,
    {
      const char *msg;
      if (router_add_to_routerlist(r,&msg,0)>=0)
        smartlist_add(changed, r);
    });
    smartlist_clear(new_list->routers);
    routerlist->published_on_xx = new_list->published_on_xx;
    routerlist_free(new_list);
    control_event_descriptors_changed(changed);
    smartlist_free(changed);
  } else {
    routerlist = new_list;
    control_event_descriptors_changed(routerlist->routers);
  }
  router_normalize_routerlist(routerlist);
  return 0;
}
#endif

/** Helper: return a newly allocated string containing the name of the filename
 * where we plan to cache <b>ns</b>. */
static char *
networkstatus_get_cache_filename(const networkstatus_t *ns)
{
  const char *datadir = get_options()->DataDirectory;
  size_t len = strlen(datadir)+64;
  char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
  char *fn = tor_malloc(len+1);
  base16_encode(fp, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, ns->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
  tor_snprintf(fn, len, "%s/cached-status/%s",datadir,fp);
  return fn;
}

/** Helper for smartlist_sort: Compare two networkstatus objects by
 * publication date. */
static int
_compare_networkstatus_published_on(const void **_a, const void **_b)
{
  const networkstatus_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
  if (a->published_on < b->published_on)
    return -1;
  else if (a->published_on > b->published_on)
    return 1;
  else
    return 0;
}

/** How far in the future do we allow a network-status to get before removing
 * it? (seconds) */
#define NETWORKSTATUS_ALLOW_SKEW (48*60*60)
/** Given a string <b>s</b> containing a network status that we received at
 * <b>arrived_at</b> from <b>source</b>, try to parse it, see if we want to
 * store it, and put it into our cache is necessary.
 *
 * If <b>source</b> is NS_FROM_DIR or NS_FROM_CACHE, do not replace our
 * own networkstatus_t (if we're a directory server).
 *
 * If <b>source</b> is NS_FROM_CACHE, do not write our networkstatus_t to the
 * cache.
 *
 * If <b>requested_fingerprints</b> is provided, it must contain a list of
 * uppercased identity fingerprints.  Do not update any networkstatus whose
 * fingerprint is not on the list; after updating a networkstatus, remove its
 * fingerprint from the list.
 *
 * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 */
int
router_set_networkstatus(const char *s, time_t arrived_at,
            networkstatus_source_t source, smartlist_t *requested_fingerprints)
{
  networkstatus_t *ns;
  int i, found;
  time_t now;
  int skewed = 0;
  trusted_dir_server_t *trusted_dir;
  char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
  char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];

  ns = networkstatus_parse_from_string(s);
  if (!ns) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Couldn't parse network status.");
    return -1;
  }
  if (!(trusted_dir=router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(ns->identity_digest))) {
    log_fn(LOG_INFO, "Network status was signed, but not by an authoritative directory we recognize.");
    networkstatus_free(ns);
    return -1;
  }
  now = time(NULL);
  if (arrived_at > now)
    arrived_at = now;

  ns->received_on = arrived_at;

  format_iso_time(published, ns->published_on);

  if (ns->published_on > now + NETWORKSTATUS_ALLOW_SKEW) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Network status was published in the future (%s GMT). Somebody is skewed here: check your clock. Not caching.", published);
    skewed = 1;
  }

  if (!networkstatus_list)
    networkstatus_list = smartlist_create();

  if (source == NS_FROM_DIR && router_digest_is_me(ns->identity_digest)) {
    /* Don't replace our own networkstatus when we get it from somebody else. */
    networkstatus_free(ns);
    return 0;
  }

  base16_encode(fp, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, ns->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);

  if (requested_fingerprints) {
    if (smartlist_string_isin(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
      smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
    } else {
      char *requested = smartlist_join_strings(requested_fingerprints," ",0,NULL);
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "We received a network status with a fingerprint (%s) that we never requested. (We asked for: %s.) Dropping.", fp, requested);
      tor_free(requested);
      return 0;
    }
  }

  if (source != NS_FROM_CACHE)
    trusted_dir->n_networkstatus_failures = 0;

  found = 0;
  for (i=0; i < smartlist_len(networkstatus_list); ++i) {
    networkstatus_t *old_ns = smartlist_get(networkstatus_list, i);

    if (!memcmp(old_ns->identity_digest, ns->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
      if (!memcmp(old_ns->networkstatus_digest,
                  ns->networkstatus_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
        /* Same one we had before. */
        networkstatus_free(ns);
        log_fn(LOG_NOTICE,
            "Dropping network-status from %s:%d (published %s); already have it.",
               trusted_dir->address, trusted_dir->dir_port, published);
        if (old_ns->received_on < arrived_at) {
          if (source != NS_FROM_CACHE) {
            char *fn = networkstatus_get_cache_filename(old_ns);
            /* We use mtime to tell when it arrived, so update that. */
            touch_file(fn);
            tor_free(fn);
          }
          old_ns->received_on = arrived_at;
        }
        return 0;
      } else if (old_ns->published_on >= ns->published_on) {
        char old_published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
        format_iso_time(old_published, old_ns->published_on);
        log_fn(LOG_NOTICE,
               "Dropping network-status from %s:%d (published %s);"
               " we have a newer one (published %s) for this authority.",
               trusted_dir->address, trusted_dir->dir_port, published,
               old_published);
        networkstatus_free(ns);
        return 0;
      } else {
        networkstatus_free(old_ns);
        smartlist_set(networkstatus_list, i, ns);
        found = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  if (!found)
    smartlist_add(networkstatus_list, ns);

  /*XXXX011 downgrade to INFO NM */
  log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, "Setting networkstatus %s %s:%d (published %s)",
         source == NS_FROM_CACHE?"cached from":
         (source==NS_FROM_DIR?"downloaded from":"generated for"),
         trusted_dir->address, trusted_dir->dir_port, published);
  networkstatus_list_has_changed = 1;

  smartlist_sort(networkstatus_list, _compare_networkstatus_published_on);

  if (source != NS_FROM_CACHE && !skewed) {
    char *fn = networkstatus_get_cache_filename(ns);
    if (write_str_to_file(fn, s, 0)<0) {
      log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, "Couldn't write cached network status to \"%s\"", fn);
    }
    tor_free(fn);
  }

  if (get_options()->DirPort && !skewed)
    dirserv_set_cached_networkstatus_v2(s, fp, ns->published_on);

  return 0;
}

/** How old do we allow a network-status to get before removing it completely? */
#define MAX_NETWORKSTATUS_AGE (10*24*60*60)
/** Remove all very-old network_status_t objects from memory and from the
 * disk cache. */
void
networkstatus_list_clean(time_t now)
{
  int i;
  if (!networkstatus_list)
    return;

  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(networkstatus_list); ++i) {
    networkstatus_t *ns = smartlist_get(networkstatus_list, i);
    char *fname = NULL;;
    if (ns->published_on + MAX_NETWORKSTATUS_AGE > now)
      continue;
    /* Okay, this one is too old.  Remove it from the list, and delete it
     * from the cache. */
    smartlist_del(networkstatus_list, i--);
    fname = networkstatus_get_cache_filename(ns);
    if (file_status(fname) == FN_FILE) {
      log_fn(LOG_INFO, "Removing too-old networkstatus in %s", fname);
      unlink(fname);
    }
    tor_free(fname);
    if (get_options()->DirPort) {
      char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
      base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), ns->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
      dirserv_set_cached_networkstatus_v2(NULL, fp, 0);
    }
    networkstatus_free(ns);
  }
}

/** Helper for bsearching a list of routerstatus_t pointers.*/
static int
_compare_digest_to_routerstatus_entry(const void *_key, const void **_member)
{
  const char *key = _key;
  const routerstatus_t *rs = *_member;
  return memcmp(key, rs->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
}

/** Return the entry in <b>ns</b> for the identity digest <b>digest</b>, or
 * NULL if none was found. */
static routerstatus_t *
networkstatus_find_entry(networkstatus_t *ns, const char *digest)
{
  return smartlist_bsearch(ns->entries, digest,
                           _compare_digest_to_routerstatus_entry);
}

/* XXXX These should be configurable, perhaps? NM */
#define AUTHORITY_NS_CACHE_INTERVAL 10*60
#define NONAUTHORITY_NS_CACHE_INTERVAL 15*60
/** We are a directory server, and so cache network_status documents.
 * Initiate downloads as needed to update them.  For authorities, this means
 * asking each trusted directory for its network-status.  For caches, this means
 * asking a random authority for all network-statuses.
 */
void
update_networkstatus_cache_downloads(time_t now)
{
  static time_t last_downloaded = 0;
  int authority = authdir_mode(get_options());
  int interval =
    authority ? AUTHORITY_NS_CACHE_INTERVAL : NONAUTHORITY_NS_CACHE_INTERVAL;

  /*XXXXX NM we should retry on failure. */
  if (last_downloaded + interval >= now)
    return;
  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    return;

  last_downloaded = now;

  if (authority) {
    /* An authority launches a separate connection for everybody. */
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
       {
         char resource[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+6];
         if (router_digest_is_me(ds->digest))
           continue;
         if (connection_get_by_type_addr_port_purpose(
                CONN_TYPE_DIR, ds->addr, ds->dir_port,
                DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_NETWORKSTATUS)) {
           /* We are already fetching this one. */
           continue;
         }
         strlcpy(resource, "fp/", sizeof(resource));
         base16_encode(resource+3, sizeof(resource)-3, ds->digest, DIGEST_LEN);
         strlcat(resource, ".z", sizeof(resource));
         directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_NETWORKSTATUS,resource,1);
       });
  } else {
    /* A non-authority cache launches one connection to a random authority. */
    /* (Check whether we're currently fetching network-status objects.) */
    if (!connection_get_by_type_purpose(CONN_TYPE_DIR,
                                        DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_NETWORKSTATUS))
      directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_NETWORKSTATUS,"all.z",1);
  }
}

/*XXXX Should these be configurable? NM*/
/** How old (in seconds) can a network-status be before we try replacing it? */
#define NETWORKSTATUS_MAX_VALIDITY (48*60*60)
/** How long (in seconds) does a client wait after getting a network status
 * before downloading the next in sequence? */
#define NETWORKSTATUS_CLIENT_DL_INTERVAL (30*60)
/* How many times do we allow a networkstatus download to fail before we
 * assume that the authority isn't publishing? */
#define NETWORKSTATUS_N_ALLOWABLE_FAILURES 3
/** We are not a directory cache or authority.  Update our network-status list
 * by launching a new directory fetch for enough network-status documents "as
 * necessary".  See function comments for implementation details.
 */
void
update_networkstatus_client_downloads(time_t now)
{
  int n_live = 0, needed = 0, n_running_dirservers, n_dirservers, i;
  int most_recent_idx = -1;
  trusted_dir_server_t *most_recent = NULL;
  time_t most_recent_received = 0;
  char *resource, *cp;
  size_t resource_len;

  if (connection_get_by_type_purpose(CONN_TYPE_DIR,
                                     DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_NETWORKSTATUS))
    return;

  /* This is a little tricky.  We want to download enough network-status
   * objects so that we have at least half of them under
   * NETWORKSTATUS_MAX_VALIDITY publication time.  We want to download a new
   * *one* if the most recent one's publication time is under
   * NETWORKSTATUS_CLIENT_DL_INTERVAL.
   */
  if (!trusted_dir_servers || !smartlist_len(trusted_dir_servers))
    return;
  n_dirservers = n_running_dirservers = smartlist_len(trusted_dir_servers);
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
     {
       networkstatus_t *ns = networkstatus_get_by_digest(ds->digest);
       if (!ns)
         continue;
       if (ds->n_networkstatus_failures > NETWORKSTATUS_N_ALLOWABLE_FAILURES) {
         --n_running_dirservers;
         continue;
       }
       if (ns->published_on > now-NETWORKSTATUS_MAX_VALIDITY)
         ++n_live;
       if (!most_recent || ns->received_on > most_recent_received) {
         most_recent_idx = ds_sl_idx; /* magic variable from FOREACH */
         most_recent = ds;
         most_recent_received = ns->received_on;
       }
     });

  /* Download enough so we have at least half live, but no more than all the
   * trusted dirservers we know.
   */
  if (n_live < (n_dirservers/2)+1)
    needed = (n_dirservers/2)+1-n_live;
  if (needed > n_running_dirservers)
    needed = n_running_dirservers;

  if (needed)
    /* XXXX001 Downgrade to info NM */
    log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, "For %d/%d running directory servers, we have %d live"
           " network-status documents. Downloading %d.",
           n_running_dirservers, n_dirservers, n_live, needed);

  /* Also, download at least 1 every NETWORKSTATUS_CLIENT_DL_INTERVAL. */
  if (n_running_dirservers &&
      most_recent_received < now-NETWORKSTATUS_CLIENT_DL_INTERVAL && needed < 1) {
    const char *addr = most_recent?most_recent->address:"nobody";
    int port = most_recent?most_recent->dir_port:0;
    log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, "Our most recent network-status document (from %s:%d) "
           "is %d seconds old; downloading another.",
           addr, port, (int)(now-most_recent_received));
    needed = 1;
  }

  if (!needed)
    return;

  /* If no networkstatus was found, choose a dirserver at random as "most
   * recent". */
  if (most_recent_idx<0)
    most_recent_idx = crypto_pseudo_rand_int(n_dirservers);

  /* Build a request string for all the resources we want. */
  resource_len = needed * (HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1) + 6;
  resource = tor_malloc(resource_len);
  memcpy(resource, "fp/", 3);
  cp = resource+3;
  for (i = most_recent_idx+1; needed; ++i) {
    trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
    if (i >= n_dirservers)
      i = 0;
    ds = smartlist_get(trusted_dir_servers, i);
    if (ds->n_networkstatus_failures > NETWORKSTATUS_N_ALLOWABLE_FAILURES)
      continue;
    base16_encode(cp, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, ds->digest, DIGEST_LEN);
    cp += HEX_DIGEST_LEN;
    --needed;
    if (needed)
      *cp++ = '+';
  }
  memcpy(cp, ".z", 3);
  directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_NETWORKSTATUS, resource, 1);
  tor_free(resource);
}

/** Decide whether a given addr:port is definitely accepted,
 * definitely rejected, probably accepted, or probably rejected by a
 * given policy.  If <b>addr</b> is 0, we don't know the IP of the
 * target address. If <b>port</b> is 0, we don't know the port of the
 * target address.
 *
 * For now, the algorithm is pretty simple: we look for definite and
 * uncertain matches.  The first definite match is what we guess; if
 * it was preceded by no uncertain matches of the opposite policy,
 * then the guess is definite; otherwise it is probable.  (If we
 * have a known addr and port, all matches are definite; if we have an
 * unknown addr/port, any address/port ranges other than "all" are
 * uncertain.)
 *
 * We could do better by assuming that some ranges never match typical
 * addresses (127.0.0.1, and so on).  But we'll try this for now.
 */
addr_policy_result_t
router_compare_addr_to_addr_policy(uint32_t addr, uint16_t port,
                                   addr_policy_t *policy)
{
  int maybe_reject = 0;
  int maybe_accept = 0;
  int match = 0;
  int maybe = 0;
  addr_policy_t *tmpe;

  for (tmpe=policy; tmpe; tmpe=tmpe->next) {
    maybe = 0;
    if (!addr) {
      /* Address is unknown. */
      if ((port >= tmpe->prt_min && port <= tmpe->prt_max) ||
           (!port && tmpe->prt_min<=1 && tmpe->prt_max>=65535)) {
        /* The port definitely matches. */
        if (tmpe->msk == 0) {
          match = 1;
        } else {
          maybe = 1;
        }
      } else if (!port) {
        /* The port maybe matches. */
        maybe = 1;
      }
    } else {
      /* Address is known */
      if ((addr & tmpe->msk) == (tmpe->addr & tmpe->msk)) {
        if (port >= tmpe->prt_min && port <= tmpe->prt_max) {
          /* Exact match for the policy */
          match = 1;
        } else if (!port) {
          maybe = 1;
        }
      }
    }
    if (maybe) {
      if (tmpe->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_REJECT)
        maybe_reject = 1;
      else
        maybe_accept = 1;
    }
    if (match) {
      if (tmpe->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT) {
        /* If we already hit a clause that might trigger a 'reject', than we
         * can't be sure of this certain 'accept'.*/
        return maybe_reject ? ADDR_POLICY_PROBABLY_ACCEPTED : ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED;
      } else {
        return maybe_accept ? ADDR_POLICY_PROBABLY_REJECTED : ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED;
      }
    }
  }
  /* accept all by default. */
  return maybe_reject ? ADDR_POLICY_PROBABLY_ACCEPTED : ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED;
}

/** Return 1 if all running sufficiently-stable routers will reject
 * addr:port, return 0 if any might accept it. */
int
router_exit_policy_all_routers_reject(uint32_t addr, uint16_t port,
                                          int need_uptime)
{
  addr_policy_result_t r;
  if (!routerlist) return 1;

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
  {
    if (router->is_running &&
        !router_is_unreliable(router, need_uptime, 0)) {
      r = router_compare_addr_to_addr_policy(addr, port, router->exit_policy);
      if (r != ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED && r != ADDR_POLICY_PROBABLY_REJECTED)
        return 0; /* this one could be ok. good enough. */
    }
  });
  return 1; /* all will reject. */
}

/**
 * If <b>policy</b> implicitly allows connections to any port in the
 * IP set <b>addr</b>/<b>mask</b>, then set *<b>policy_out</b> to the
 * part of the policy that allows it, and return 1.  Else return 0.
 *
 * A policy allows an IP:Port combination <em>implicitly</em> if
 * it is included in a *: pattern, or in a fallback pattern.
 */
static int
policy_includes_addr_mask_implicitly(addr_policy_t *policy,
                                     uint32_t addr, uint32_t mask,
                                     addr_policy_t **policy_out)
{
  uint32_t addr2;
  tor_assert(policy_out);
  addr &= mask;
  addr2 = addr | ~mask;
  for (; policy; policy=policy->next) {
    /* Does this policy cover all of the address range we're looking at? */
    /* Boolean logic time: range X is contained in range Y if, for
     * each bit B, all possible values of B in X are values of B in Y.
     * In "addr", we have every fixed bit set to its value, and every
     * free bit set to 0.  In "addr2", we have every fixed bit set to
     * its value, and every free bit set to 1.  So if addr and addr2 are
     * both in the policy, the range is covered by the policy.
     */
    uint32_t p_addr = policy->addr & policy->msk;
    if (p_addr == (addr & policy->msk) &&
        p_addr == (addr2 & policy->msk) &&
        (policy->prt_min <= 1 && policy->prt_max == 65535)) {
      return 0;
    }
    /* Does this policy cover some of the address range we're looking at? */
    /* Boolean logic time: range X and range Y intersect if there is
     * some z such that z & Xmask == Xaddr and z & Ymask == Yaddr.
     * This is FALSE iff there is some bit b where Xmask == yMask == 1
     * and Xaddr != Yaddr.  So if X intersects with Y iff at every
     * place where Xmask&Ymask==1, Xaddr == Yaddr, or equivalently,
     * Xaddr&Xmask&Ymask == Yaddr&Xmask&Ymask.
     */
    if ((policy->addr & policy->msk & mask) == (addr & policy->msk) &&
        policy->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT) {
      *policy_out = policy;
      return 1;
    }
  }
  *policy_out = NULL;
  return 1;
}

/** If <b>policy</b> implicitly allows connections to any port on
 * 127.*, 192.168.*, etc, then warn (if <b>warn</b> is set) and return
 * true.  Else return false.
 **/
int
exit_policy_implicitly_allows_local_networks(addr_policy_t *policy,
                                             int warn)
{
  addr_policy_t *p;
  int r=0,i;
  static struct {
    uint32_t addr; uint32_t mask; const char *network;
  } private_networks[] = {
    { 0x7f000000, 0xff000000, "localhost (127.0.0.0/8)" },
    { 0x0a000000, 0xff000000, "addresses in private network 10.0.0.0/8" },
    { 0xa9fe0000, 0xffff0000, "addresses in private network 169.254.0.0/16" },
    { 0xac100000, 0xfff00000, "addresses in private network 172.16.0.0/12" },
    { 0xc0a80000, 0xffff0000, "addresses in private network 192.168.0.0/16" },
    { 0,0,NULL},
  };
  for (i=0; private_networks[i].addr; ++i) {
    p = NULL;
    /* log_fn(LOG_INFO,"Checking network %s", private_networks[i].network); */
    if (policy_includes_addr_mask_implicitly(
              policy, private_networks[i].addr, private_networks[i].mask, &p)) {
      if (warn)
        log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Exit policy %s implicitly accepts %s",
               p?p->string:"(default)",
               private_networks[i].network);
      r = 1;
    }
  }

  return r;
}

/** Return true iff <b>router</b> does not permit exit streams.
 */
int
router_exit_policy_rejects_all(routerinfo_t *router)
{
  return router_compare_addr_to_addr_policy(0, 0, router->exit_policy)
    == ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED;
}

#if 0
/** Release all space held in <b>rr</b>. */
void
running_routers_free(running_routers_t *rr)
{
  if (!rr)
    return;
  if (rr->running_routers) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rr->running_routers, char *, s, tor_free(s));
    smartlist_free(rr->running_routers);
  }
  tor_free(rr);
}

/** Update the running/not-running status of every router in <b>list</b>, based
 * on the contents of <b>rr</b>. */
static void
routerlist_update_from_runningrouters(routerlist_t *list,
                                      running_routers_t *rr)
{
  routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo();
  smartlist_t *all_routers;
  if (!list)
    return;
  if (list->published_on >= rr->published_on)
    return;
  if (list->running_routers_updated_on >= rr->published_on)
    return;

  all_routers = smartlist_create();
  if (me) /* learn if the dirservers think I'm verified */
    smartlist_add(all_routers, me);

  smartlist_add_all(all_routers,list->routers);
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rr->running_routers, const char *, cp,
     routers_update_status_from_entry(all_routers, rr->published_on,
                                      cp));
  smartlist_free(all_routers);
  list->running_routers_updated_on = rr->published_on;
}

/** We've just got a running routers list in <b>rr</b>; update the
 * status of the routers in <b>list</b>, and cache <b>rr</b> */
void
routerlist_set_runningrouters(routerlist_t *list, running_routers_t *rr)
{
  routerlist_update_from_runningrouters(list,rr);
  if (list->running_routers != rr) {
    running_routers_free(list->running_routers);
    list->running_routers = rr;
  }
}

/** Update the is_running and is_verified fields of the router <b>router</b>,
 * based in its status in the list of strings stored in <b>running_list</b>.
 * All entries in <b>running_list</b> follow one of these formats:
 * <ol><li> <b>nickname</b> -- router is running and verified.
 *          (running-routers format)
 *     <li> !<b>nickname</b> -- router is not-running and verified.
 *          (running-routers format)
 *     <li> <b>nickname</b>=$<b>hexdigest</b> -- router is running and
 *          verified. (router-status format)
 *          (router-status format)
 *     <li> !<b>nickname</b>=$<b>hexdigest</b> -- router is running and
 *          verified. (router-status format)
 *     <li> !<b>nickname</b> -- router is not-running and verified.
 *     <li> $<b>hexdigest</b> -- router is running and unverified.
 *     <li> !$<b>hexdigest</b> -- router is not-running and unverified.
 * </ol>
 *
 * Return 1 if we found router in running_list, else return 0.
 */
int
routers_update_status_from_entry(smartlist_t *routers,
                                 time_t list_time,
                                 const char *s)
{
  int authdir = get_options()->AuthoritativeDir;
  int is_running = 1;
  int is_verified = 0, is_named = 0;
  int hex_digest_set = 0;
  char nickname[MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1];
  char hexdigest[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
  const char *cp, *end;

  /* First, parse the entry. */
  cp = s;
  if (*cp == '!') {
    is_running = 0;
    ++cp;
  }

  if (*cp != '$') {
    /* It starts with a non-dollar character; that's a nickname.  The nickname
     * entry will either extend to a NUL (old running-routers format) or to an
     * equals sign (new router-status format). */
    is_verified = 1;
    is_named = 1;
    end = strchr(cp, '=');
    if (!end)
      end = strchr(cp,'\0');
    tor_assert(end);
    /* 'end' now points on character beyond the end of the nickname */
    if (end == cp || end-cp > MAX_NICKNAME_LEN) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Bad nickname length (%d) in router status entry (%s)",
             (int)(end-cp), s);
      return -1;
    }
    memcpy(nickname, cp, end-cp);
    nickname[end-cp]='\0';
    if (!is_legal_nickname(nickname)) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Bad nickname (%s) in router status entry (%s)",
             nickname, s);
      return -1;
    }
    cp = end;
    if (*cp == '=')
      ++cp;
  }
  /* 'end' now points to the start of a hex digest, or EOS. */

  /* Parse the hexdigest portion of the status. */
  if (*cp == '$') {
    hex_digest_set = 1;
    ++cp;
    if (strlen(cp) != HEX_DIGEST_LEN) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Bad length (%d) on digest in router status entry (%s)",
             (int)strlen(cp), s);
      return -1;
    }
    strlcpy(hexdigest, cp, sizeof(hexdigest));
    if (base16_decode(digest, DIGEST_LEN, hexdigest, HEX_DIGEST_LEN)<0) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Invalid digest in router status entry (%s)", s);
      return -1;
    }
  }

  /* Make sure that the entry was in the right format. */
  if (!hex_digest_set) {
    log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Invalid syntax for router-status member (%s)", s);
    return -1;
  }

  /* Okay, we're done parsing. For all routers that match, update their status.
   */
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routers, routerinfo_t *, r,
  {
    int nickname_matches = is_verified && !strcasecmp(r->nickname, nickname);
    int digest_matches = !memcmp(digest, r->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
    if (!authdir) {
      /* If we're not an authoritative directory, update verified status.
       */
      if (nickname_matches && digest_matches)
        r->is_verified = r->is_named = 1;
      else if (digest_matches)
        r->is_verified = r->is_named = 0;
    }
    if (digest_matches)
      if (r->status_set_at < list_time) {
        if (!authdir || is_running)
          /* If we're an authoritative directory, only believe that servers
           * are down when we hear it ourselves.  Otherwise, believe
           * what we're told.
           */
          r->is_running = is_running;
        r->status_set_at = time(NULL);
      }
  });

  return 0;
}

/** As router_update_status_from_entry, but consider all entries in
 * running_list. */
int
router_update_status_from_smartlist(routerinfo_t *router,
                                    time_t list_time,
                                    smartlist_t *running_list)
{
  smartlist_t *rl;
  rl = smartlist_create();
  smartlist_add(rl,router);
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(running_list, const char *, cp,
                    routers_update_status_from_entry(rl,list_time,cp));
  smartlist_free(rl);
  return 0;
}
#endif

/** Add to the list of authorized directory servers one at
 * <b>address</b>:<b>port</b>, with identity key <b>digest</b>.  If
 * <b>address</b> is NULL, add ourself. */
void
add_trusted_dir_server(const char *address, uint16_t port, const char *digest,
                       int supports_v1)
{
  trusted_dir_server_t *ent;
  uint32_t a;
  char *hostname = NULL;
  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    trusted_dir_servers = smartlist_create();

  if (!address) { /* The address is us; we should guess. */
    if (resolve_my_address(get_options(), &a, &hostname) < 0) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Couldn't find a suitable address. Returning.");
      return;
    }
  } else {
    if (tor_lookup_hostname(address, &a)) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Unable to lookup address for directory server at %s",
             address);
      return;
    }
    hostname = tor_strdup(address);
    a = ntohl(a);
  }

  ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(trusted_dir_server_t));
  ent->address = hostname;
  ent->addr = a;
  ent->dir_port = port;
  ent->is_running = 1;
  ent->supports_v1_protocol = supports_v1;
  memcpy(ent->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
  smartlist_add(trusted_dir_servers, ent);
}

/** Remove all members from the list of trusted dir servers. */
void
clear_trusted_dir_servers(void)
{
  if (trusted_dir_servers) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ent,
                      { tor_free(ent->address); tor_free(ent); });
    smartlist_clear(trusted_dir_servers);
  } else {
    trusted_dir_servers = smartlist_create();
  }
}

/** Return the network status with a given identity digest. */
networkstatus_t *
networkstatus_get_by_digest(const char *digest)
{
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(networkstatus_list, networkstatus_t *, ns,
    {
      if (!memcmp(ns->identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
        return ns;
    });
  return NULL;
}

/** If the network-status list has changed since the last time we called this
 * function, update the status of every router from the network-status list.
 */
void
routers_update_all_from_networkstatus(void)
{
  static int have_warned_about_unverified_status = 0;
  routerinfo_t *me;
  if (!routerlist || !networkstatus_list || !networkstatus_list_has_changed)
    return;

  routers_update_status_from_networkstatus(routerlist->routers);

  me = router_get_my_routerinfo();
  if (me) {
    /* We could be more sophisticated about this whole business.  How many
     * dirservers list us as named, valid, etc. */
    smartlist_t *lst = smartlist_create();
    smartlist_add(lst, me);
    routers_update_status_from_networkstatus(lst);
    if (me->is_verified == 0) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Many directory servers list us as unverified. Please consider sending your identity fingerprint to the tor-ops.");
      have_warned_about_unverified_status = 1;
    } else if (me->is_named == 0) {
      log_fn(LOG_WARN, "Many directory servers list us as unnamed. Please consider sending your identity fingerprint to the tor-ops.");
      have_warned_about_unverified_status = 1;
    }
  }

  helper_nodes_set_status_from_directory();

  update_router_descriptor_downloads(time(NULL));

  networkstatus_list_has_changed = 0;
}

/** Allow any network-status newer than this to influence our view of who's
 * running. */
#define DEFAULT_RUNNING_INTERVAL 60*60
/** If possible, always allow at least this many network-statuses to influence
 * our view of who's running. */
#define MIN_TO_INFLUENCE_RUNNING 3
/** Given a list <b>routers</b> of routerinfo_t *, update each routers's
 * is_named, is_verified, and is_running fields according to our current
 * networkstatus_t documents. */
void
routers_update_status_from_networkstatus(smartlist_t *routers)
{
  int n_trusted, n_statuses, n_valid, n_naming, n_named, n_running, n_listing,
    n_recent;
  int i;
  time_t now = time(NULL);
  trusted_dir_server_t *ds;

  if (authdir_mode(get_options())) {
    /* An authoritative directory should never believer someone else about
     * a server's status. */
    return;
  }

  if (!networkstatus_list)
    networkstatus_list = smartlist_create();
  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
    trusted_dir_servers = smartlist_create();

  n_trusted = smartlist_len(trusted_dir_servers);
  n_statuses = smartlist_len(networkstatus_list);

  if (n_statuses < (n_trusted/2)+1) {
    /* Not enough statuses to adjust status. */
    return;
  }

  if (n_statuses < MIN_TO_INFLUENCE_RUNNING) {
    n_recent = n_statuses;
  } else {
    n_recent = 0;
    for (i=smartlist_len(networkstatus_list)-1; i >= 0; --i) {
      networkstatus_t *ns = smartlist_get(networkstatus_list, i);
      if (ns->published_on + DEFAULT_RUNNING_INTERVAL < now)
        break;
      ++n_recent;
    }
    if (n_recent < MIN_TO_INFLUENCE_RUNNING) {
      n_recent = MIN_TO_INFLUENCE_RUNNING;
    }
  }

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
  {
    ds = router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(router->identity_digest);
    n_listing = n_valid = n_naming = n_named = n_running = 0;

    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(networkstatus_list, networkstatus_t *, ns,
    {
      routerstatus_t *rs = networkstatus_find_entry(ns, router->identity_digest);
      if (ns->binds_names)
        ++n_naming;
      if (!rs)
        continue;
      ++n_listing;
      if (rs->is_named && !strcasecmp(rs->nickname, router->nickname))
        ++n_named;
      if (rs->is_valid)
        ++n_valid;
      if (ns_sl_idx >= smartlist_len(networkstatus_list)-n_recent) {
        if (rs->is_running)
          ++n_running;
      }
    });

    log_fn(LOG_DEBUG, "Router '%s' at %s:%d is listed by %d/%d directories, "
           "named by %d/%d, validated by %d/%d, and %d/%d recent directories "
           "think it's running.",
           router->nickname, router->address, router->or_port,
           n_listing, n_statuses, n_named, n_naming, n_valid, n_statuses,
           n_running, n_recent);

    router->is_named = (n_named > n_naming/2);
    router->is_verified = (n_valid > n_statuses/2);
    router->is_running = (n_running > n_recent/2);

    if (router->is_running && ds)
      /*Hm. What about authorities? When do they reset n_networkstatus_failures?*/
      ds->n_networkstatus_failures = 0;
  });
}

/** Return new list of ID fingerprints for superseded routers.  A router is
 * superseded if any network-status has a router with a different digest
 * published more recently, or it it is listed in the network-status but not
 * in the router list.
 */
static smartlist_t *
router_list_downloadable(void)
{
  smartlist_t *superseded = smartlist_create();
  strmap_t *most_recent = NULL;
  char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
  routerstatus_t *rs_old;
  strmap_iter_t *iter;

  if (!networkstatus_list)
    return superseded;

  /* Build a map from fingerprint to most recent routerstatus_t. If this
   * becomes inefficient, we can build most_recent lazily when a new
   * networkstatus_t shows up.*/
  most_recent = strmap_new();
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(networkstatus_list, networkstatus_t *, ns,
  {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(ns->entries, routerstatus_t *, rs,
    {
      base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), rs->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
      rs_old = strmap_get(most_recent, fp);
      if (!rs_old || rs_old->published_on < rs->published_on) {
        strmap_set(most_recent, fp, rs);
      }
    });
  });

  /* Compare each router to the most recent routerstatus. */
  if (routerlist) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri,
    {
      routerstatus_t *rs;
      base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), ri->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
      rs = strmap_get(most_recent, fp);
      if (!rs)
        continue;
      if (memcmp(ri->signed_descriptor_digest,rs->descriptor_digest,DIGEST_LEN)
          && rs->published_on > ri->published_on) {
        char *d = tor_malloc(HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1);
        base16_encode(d, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, ri->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
        smartlist_add(superseded, d);
        break;
      }
      strmap_remove(most_recent, fp);
    });
  }

  /* Anything left over, we don't even know about yet. */
  for (iter = strmap_iter_init(most_recent); !strmap_iter_done(iter);
       iter = strmap_iter_next(most_recent, iter)) {
    const char *key;
    void *val;
    strmap_iter_get(iter, &key, &val);
    smartlist_add(superseded, tor_strdup(key));
  }

  strmap_free(most_recent, NULL);

  return superseded;
}

/* DOCDOC */
void
update_router_descriptor_downloads(time_t now)
{
  char *resource = NULL;

  if (connection_get_by_type_purpose(CONN_TYPE_DIR,
                                     DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC))
    return;

  if (!networkstatus_list || smartlist_len(networkstatus_list)<2) {
    resource = tor_strdup("all.z");
  } else {
    smartlist_t *downloadable = router_list_downloadable();
    if (smartlist_len(downloadable)) {
      char *dl = smartlist_join_strings(downloadable,"+",0,NULL);
      size_t r_len = smartlist_len(downloadable)*(DIGEST_LEN+1)+16;
      /* Damn, that's an ugly way to do this. XXXX011 NM */
      resource = tor_malloc(r_len);
      tor_snprintf(resource, r_len, "fp/%s.z", dl);
      tor_free(dl);
    }
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(downloadable, char *, c, tor_free(c));
    smartlist_free(downloadable);
  }

  if (!resource) {
    log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, "No routers to download.");
    return;
  }

  log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, "Launching request for routers: %s", resource);
  directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,resource,1);
  tor_free(resource);
}

/* DOCDOC */
int
router_have_minimum_dir_info(void)
{
  int tot = 0, avg;
  if (!networkstatus_list || smartlist_len(networkstatus_list)<2 ||
      !routerlist)
    return 0;
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(networkstatus_list, networkstatus_t *, ns,
                    tot += smartlist_len(ns->entries));
  avg = tot / smartlist_len(networkstatus_list);
  return smartlist_len(routerlist->routers) > (avg/4);
}