path: root/docs/usage/overview.rst

Overview
========

The key concepts or models of Patchwork are outlined below.

.. contents::
   :local:


Projects
--------

Projects typically represent a software project or sub-project. A Patchwork
server can host multiple projects. Each project can have multiple maintainers.
Projects usually have a 1:1 mapping with a mailing list, though it's also
possible to have multiple projects in the same list using the subject as
filter. Patches, cover letters, and series are all associated with a single
project.


People
------

People are anyone who has submitted a patch, cover letter, or comment to a
Patchwork instance.


Users
-----

Users are anyone who has created an account on a given Patchwork instance.

Standard Users
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

A standard user can associate multiple email addresses with their user account,
create bundles and store TODO lists.

Maintainers
~~~~~~~~~~~

Maintainers are a special type of user that with permissions to do certain
operations that regular Patchwork users can't. Patchwork maintainers usually
have a 1:1 mapping with a project's code maintainers though this is not
necessary.

The operations that a maintainer can invoke include:

- Change the state of a patch
- Archive a patch
- Delegate a patch, or be delegated a patch


Submissions
-----------

Patchwork captures three types of mail to mailing lists: patches, cover
letters, and replies to either patches or cover letters, a.k.a. comments. Any
mail that does not fit one of these categories is ignored.

Patches
~~~~~~~

Patches are the central object in Patchwork structure. A patch contains both a
diff and some metadata, such as the name, the description, the author, the
version of the patch etc. Patchwork stores not only the patch itself but also
various metadata associated with the email that the patch was parsed from, such
as the message headers or the date the message itself was received.

Cover Letters
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Cover letters provide a way to offer a "big picture" overview of a series of
patches. When using Git, these mails can be recognised by way of their `0/N`
subject prefix, e.g. `[00/11] A sample series`. Like patches, Patchwork stores
not only the various aspects of the cover letter itself, such as the name and
body of the cover letter, but also various metadata associated with the email
that the cover letter was parsed from.


Comments
--------

Comments are replies to a submission - either a patch or a cover letter. Unlike
a Mail User Agent (MUA) like Gmail, Patchwork does not thread comments.
Instead, every comment is associated with either a patch or a cover letter, and
organized by date.


Patch Metadata
--------------

Patchwork allows users to store various metadata against patches. This metadata
is only configurable by a maintainer.

States
~~~~~~

States track the state of patch in its lifecycle. States vary from project to
project, but generally a minimum subset of "new", "rejected" and "accepted"
will exist.

Delegates
~~~~~~~~~

Delegates are Patchwork users who are responsible for both reviewing a patch
and setting its eventual state in Patchwork. This makes them akin to reviewers
in other tools. Delegation works particularly well for larger projects where
various subsystems, each with their own maintainer(s), can be identified. Only
one delegate can be assigned to a patch.

.. note::

   Patchwork supports automatic delegation of patches. Refer to
   :doc:`delegation` for more information.

.. _overview-tags:

Tags
~~~~

Tags are specially formatted metadata appended to the foot the body of a patch
or a comment on a patch. Patchwork extracts these tags at parse time and
associates them with the patch. You add extra tags to an email by replying to
the email. The following tags are available on a standard Patchwork install:

``Acked-by:``
  For example::

      Acked-by: Stephen Finucane <stephen@that.guru>

``Tested-by:``
  For example::

      Tested-by: Stephen Finucane <stephen@that.guru>

``Reviewed-by:``
  For example::

      Reviewed-by: Stephen Finucane <stephen@that.guru>

The available tags, along with the significance of said tags, varies from
project to project and Patchwork instance to Patchwork instance. The `kernel
project documentation`__ provides an overview of the supported tags for the
Linux kernel project.

__ https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/submitting-patches.html

Checks
~~~~~~

Checks store the results of any tests executed (or executing) for a given
patch. This is useful, for example, when using a continuous integration (CI)
system to test patches. Checks have a number of fields associated with them:

**Context**
  A label to discern check from the checks of other testing systems

**Description**
  A brief, optional description of the check

**Target URL**
  A target URL where a user can find information related to this check, such as
  test logs.

**State**
  The state of the check. One of: ``pending``, ``success``, ``warning``,
  ``fail``

**User**
  The user creating the check

.. note::

   Checks can only be created through the Patchwork APIs. Refer to `../api`
   for more information.

.. todo::

   Provide information on building a CI system that reports check results back
   to Patchwork.


Collections
-----------

Patchwork provides a number of ways to store groups of patches. Some of these
are automatically generated, while others are user-defined.

Series
~~~~~~

Series are groups of patches, along with an optional cover letter. Series are
mostly dumb containers, though they also contain some metadata themselves such
as a version (which is inherited by the patches and cover letter) and a count
of the number of patches found in the series.

Bundles
~~~~~~~

Bundles are custom, user-defined groups of patches. Bundles can be used to keep
patch lists, preserving order, for future inclusion in a tree. There's no
restriction of number of patches and they don't even need to be in the same
project. A single patch also can be part of multiple bundles at the same time.
An example of Bundle usage would be keeping track of the Patches that are ready
for merge to the tree.

To-do Lists
~~~~~~~~~~~

Patchwork users can store a to-do list of patches.


Events
------

Events are raised whenever patches are created or modified.

All events have a number of common properties, along with some event-specific
properties:

``category``
  The type of event

``project``
  The project this event belongs to

``date``
  When this event was created

``payload``
  Additional information

Cover Letter Created
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``cover-created``

Sent when a cover letter is created.

``cover``
  Created cover letter

Patch Created
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``patch-created``

Sent when a patch is created.

``patch``
  Created patch

Patch Completed
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``patch-completed``

Sent when a patch in a series has its dependencies met, or when a patch that is
not in a series is created (since that patch has no dependencies).

``patch``
  Completed patch

``series``
  Series from which patch dependencies were extracted, if any

Patch Delegated
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``patch-delegated``

Sent when a patch's delegate is changed.

``patch``
  Updated patch

``previous``
  Previous delegate, if any

``current``
  Current delegate, if any

Patch State Changed
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``patch-state-changed``

Sent when a patch's state is changed.

``patch``
  Updated patch

``previous``
  Previous state

``current``
  Current state

Check Created
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``check-created``

Sent when a patch check is created.

``check``
  Created check

Series Created
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``series-created``

Sent when a series is created.

``series``
  Created series

Series Completed
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:Category: ``series-completed``

Sent when a series is completed.

``series``
  Completed series

What's Not Exposed
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Bundles

  We don't expose an "added to bundle" event as it's unlikely that this will
  be useful to either users or CI setters.

* Comments

  Like Bundles, there likely isn't much value in exposing these via the API.