;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU ;;; Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Ludovic Courtès ;;; Copyright © 2016 Christopher Allan Webber ;;; Copyright © 2016 Leo Famulari ;;; ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it ;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at ;;; your option) any later version. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but ;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;;; GNU General Public License for more details. ;;; ;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;;; along with GNU Guix. If not, see . (define-module (gnu system vm) #:use-module (guix config) #:use-module (guix store) #:use-module (guix gexp) #:use-module (guix derivations) #:use-module (guix packages) #:use-module (guix monads) #:use-module (guix records) #:use-module (guix modules) #:use-module ((gnu build vm) #:select (qemu-command)) #:use-module (gnu packages base) #:use-module (gnu packages bootloaders) #:use-module (gnu packages guile) #:use-module (gnu packages gawk) #:use-module (gnu packages bash) #:use-module (gnu packages less) #:use-module (gnu packages qemu) #:use-module (gnu packages disk) #:use-module (gnu packages zile) #:use-module (gnu packages linux) #:use-module (gnu packages package-management) #:use-module ((gnu packages make-bootstrap) #:select (%guile-static-stripped)) #:use-module (gnu packages admin) #:use-module (gnu system shadow) #:use-module (gnu system pam) #:use-module (gnu system linux-initrd) #:use-module (gnu system grub) #:use-module (gnu system file-systems) #:use-module (gnu system) #:use-module (gnu services) #:use-module (srfi srfi-1) #:use-module (srfi srfi-26) #:use-module (ice-9 match) #:export (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm qemu-image virtualized-operating-system system-qemu-image system-qemu-image/shared-store system-qemu-image/shared-store-script system-disk-image)) ;;; Commentary: ;;; ;;; Tools to evaluate build expressions within virtual machines. ;;; ;;; Code: (define %linux-vm-file-systems ;; File systems mounted for 'derivation-in-linux-vm'. The store and /xchg ;; directory are shared with the host over 9p. (list (file-system (mount-point (%store-prefix)) (device "store") (type "9p") (needed-for-boot? #t) (options "trans=virtio") (check? #f)) (file-system (mount-point "/xchg") (device "xchg") (type "9p") (needed-for-boot? #t) (options "trans=virtio") (check? #f)))) (define* (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm name exp #:key (system (%current-system)) (linux linux-libre) initrd (qemu qemu-minimal) (env-vars '()) (guile-for-build (%guile-for-build)) (make-disk-image? #f) (references-graphs #f) (memory-size 256) (disk-image-format "qcow2") (disk-image-size (* 100 (expt 2 20)))) "Evaluate EXP in a QEMU virtual machine running LINUX with INITRD (a derivation). In the virtual machine, EXP has access to all its inputs from the store; it should put its output files in the `/xchg' directory, which is copied to the derivation's output when the VM terminates. The virtual machine runs with MEMORY-SIZE MiB of memory. When MAKE-DISK-IMAGE? is true, then create a QEMU disk image of type DISK-IMAGE-FORMAT (e.g., 'qcow2' or 'raw'), of DISK-IMAGE-SIZE bytes and return it. When REFERENCES-GRAPHS is true, it must be a list of file name/store path pairs, as for `derivation'. The files containing the reference graphs are made available under the /xchg CIFS share." (mlet* %store-monad ((user-builder (gexp->file "builder-in-linux-vm" exp)) (loader (gexp->file "linux-vm-loader" #~(primitive-load #$user-builder))) (coreutils -> (canonical-package coreutils)) (initrd (if initrd ; use the default initrd? (return initrd) (base-initrd %linux-vm-file-systems #:linux linux #:virtio? #t #:qemu-networking? #t)))) (define builder ;; Code that launches the VM that evaluates EXP. (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure '((guix build utils) (gnu build vm))) #~(begin (use-modules (guix build utils) (gnu build vm)) (let ((inputs '#$(list qemu coreutils)) (linux (string-append #$linux "/" #$(system-linux-image-file-name))) (initrd (string-append #$initrd "/initrd")) (loader #$loader) (graphs '#$(match references-graphs (((graph-files . _) ...) graph-files) (_ #f)))) (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin") inputs) (load-in-linux-vm loader #:output #$output #:linux linux #:initrd initrd #:memory-size #$memory-size #:make-disk-image? #$make-disk-image? #:disk-image-format #$disk-image-format #:disk-image-size #$disk-image-size #:references-graphs graphs))))) (gexp->derivation name builder ;; TODO: Require the "kvm" feature. #:system system #:env-vars env-vars #:guile-for-build guile-for-build #:references-graphs references-graphs))) (define* (qemu-image #:key (name "qemu-image") (system (%current-system)) (qemu qemu-minimal) (disk-image-size (* 100 (expt 2 20))) (disk-image-format "qcow2") (file-system-type "ext4") file-system-label os-derivation grub-configuration (register-closures? #t) (inputs '()) copy-inputs?) "Return a bootable, stand-alone QEMU image of type DISK-IMAGE-FORMAT (e.g., 'qcow2' or 'raw'), with a root partition of type FILE-SYSTEM-TYPE. Optionally, FILE-SYSTEM-LABEL can be specified as the volume name for the root partition. The returned image is a full disk image that runs OS-DERIVATION, with a GRUB installation that uses GRUB-CONFIGURATION as its configuration file (GRUB-CONFIGURATION must be the name of a file in the VM.) INPUTS is a list of inputs (as for packages). When COPY-INPUTS? is true, copy all of INPUTS into the image being built. When REGISTER-CLOSURES? is true, register INPUTS in the store database of the image so that Guix can be used in the image." (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm name (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure '((gnu build vm) (guix build utils))) #~(begin (use-modules (gnu build vm) (guix build utils)) (let ((inputs '#$(append (list qemu parted grub e2fsprogs) (map canonical-package (list sed grep coreutils findutils gawk)) (if register-closures? (list guix) '()))) ;; This variable is unused but allows us to add INPUTS-TO-COPY ;; as inputs. (to-register '#$(map (match-lambda ((name thing) thing) ((name thing output) `(,thing ,output))) inputs))) (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin" "sbin") inputs) (let* ((graphs '#$(match inputs (((names . _) ...) names))) (initialize (root-partition-initializer #:closures graphs #:copy-closures? #$copy-inputs? #:register-closures? #$register-closures? #:system-directory #$os-derivation)) (partitions (list (partition (size #$(- disk-image-size (* 10 (expt 2 20)))) (label #$file-system-label) (file-system #$file-system-type) (bootable? #t) (initializer initialize))))) (initialize-hard-disk "/dev/vda" #:partitions partitions #:grub.cfg #$grub-configuration) (reboot))))) #:system system #:make-disk-image? #t #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:disk-image-format disk-image-format #:references-graphs inputs)) ;;; ;;; VM and disk images. ;;; (define* (system-disk-image os #:key (name "disk-image") (file-system-type "ext4") (disk-image-size (* 900 (expt 2 20))) (volatile? #t)) "Return the derivation of a disk image of DISK-IMAGE-SIZE bytes of the system described by OS. Said image can be copied on a USB stick as is. When VOLATILE? is true, the root file system is made volatile; this is useful to USB sticks meant to be read-only." (define root-label ;; Volume name of the root file system. Since we don't know which device ;; will hold it, we use the volume name to find it (using the UUID would ;; be even better, but somewhat less convenient.) "gnu-disk-image") (define file-systems-to-keep (remove (lambda (fs) (string=? (file-system-mount-point fs) "/")) (operating-system-file-systems os))) (let ((os (operating-system (inherit os) ;; Since this is meant to be used on real hardware, don't ;; install QEMU networking or anything like that. Assume USB ;; mass storage devices (usb-storage.ko) are available. (initrd (lambda (file-systems . rest) (apply base-initrd file-systems #:volatile-root? #t rest))) ;; Force our own root file system. (file-systems (cons (file-system (mount-point "/") (device root-label) (title 'label) (type file-system-type)) file-systems-to-keep))))) (mlet* %store-monad ((os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (grub.cfg (operating-system-grub.cfg os))) (qemu-image #:name name #:os-derivation os-drv #:grub-configuration grub.cfg #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:disk-image-format "raw" #:file-system-type file-system-type #:file-system-label root-label #:copy-inputs? #t #:register-closures? #t #:inputs `(("system" ,os-drv) ("grub.cfg" ,grub.cfg)))))) (define* (system-qemu-image os #:key (file-system-type "ext4") (disk-image-size (* 900 (expt 2 20)))) "Return the derivation of a freestanding QEMU image of DISK-IMAGE-SIZE bytes of the GNU system as described by OS." (define file-systems-to-keep ;; Keep only file systems other than root and not normally bound to real ;; devices. (remove (lambda (fs) (let ((target (file-system-mount-point fs)) (source (file-system-device fs))) (or (string=? target "/") (string-prefix? "/dev/" source)))) (operating-system-file-systems os))) (let ((os (operating-system (inherit os) ;; Use an initrd with the whole QEMU shebang. (initrd (lambda (file-systems . rest) (apply base-initrd file-systems #:virtio? #t rest))) ;; Force our own root file system. (file-systems (cons (file-system (mount-point "/") (device "/dev/sda1") (type file-system-type)) file-systems-to-keep))))) (mlet* %store-monad ((os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (grub.cfg (operating-system-grub.cfg os))) (qemu-image #:os-derivation os-drv #:grub-configuration grub.cfg #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:file-system-type file-system-type #:inputs `(("system" ,os-drv) ("grub.cfg" ,grub.cfg)) #:copy-inputs? #t)))) ;;; ;;; VMs that share file systems with the host. ;;; (define (file-system->mount-tag fs) "Return a 9p mount tag for host file system FS." ;; QEMU mount tags cannot contain slashes and cannot start with '_'. ;; Compute an identifier that corresponds to the rules. (string-append "TAG" (string-map (match-lambda (#\/ #\_) (chr chr)) fs))) (define (mapping->file-system mapping) "Return a 9p file system that realizes MAPPING." (match mapping (($ source target writable?) (file-system (mount-point target) (device (file-system->mount-tag source)) (type "9p") (flags (if writable? '() '(read-only))) (options (string-append "trans=virtio")) (check? #f) (create-mount-point? #t))))) (define (virtualized-operating-system os mappings) "Return an operating system based on OS suitable for use in a virtualized environment with the store shared with the host. MAPPINGS is a list of to realize in the virtualized OS." (define user-file-systems ;; Remove file systems that conflict with those added below, or that are ;; normally bound to real devices. (remove (lambda (fs) (let ((target (file-system-mount-point fs)) (source (file-system-device fs))) (or (string=? target (%store-prefix)) (string=? target "/") (and (eq? 'device (file-system-title fs)) (string-prefix? "/dev/" source))))) (operating-system-file-systems os))) (operating-system (inherit os) (initrd (lambda (file-systems . rest) (apply base-initrd file-systems #:volatile-root? #t #:virtio? #t rest))) ;; Disable swap. (swap-devices '()) (file-systems (cons* (file-system (mount-point "/") (device "/dev/vda1") (type "ext4")) (file-system (inherit (mapping->file-system %store-mapping)) (needed-for-boot? #t)) (append (map mapping->file-system mappings) user-file-systems))))) (define* (system-qemu-image/shared-store os #:key full-boot? (disk-image-size (* (if full-boot? 500 30) (expt 2 20)))) "Return a derivation that builds a QEMU image of OS that shares its store with the host. When FULL-BOOT? is true, return an image that does a complete boot sequence, bootloaded included; thus, make a disk image that contains everything the bootloader refers to: OS kernel, initrd, bootloader data, etc." (mlet* %store-monad ((os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (grub.cfg (operating-system-grub.cfg os))) ;; XXX: When FULL-BOOT? is true, we end up creating an image that contains ;; GRUB.CFG and all its dependencies, including the output of OS-DRV. ;; This is more than needed (we only need the kernel, initrd, GRUB for its ;; font, and the background image), but it's hard to filter that. (qemu-image #:os-derivation os-drv #:grub-configuration grub.cfg #:disk-image-size disk-image-size #:inputs (if full-boot? `(("grub.cfg" ,grub.cfg)) '()) ;; XXX: Passing #t here is too slow, so let it off by default. #:register-closures? #f #:copy-inputs? full-boot?))) (define* (common-qemu-options image shared-fs) "Return the a string-value gexp with the common QEMU options to boot IMAGE, with '-virtfs' options for the host file systems listed in SHARED-FS." (define (virtfs-option fs) #~(string-append "-virtfs local,path=\"" #$fs "\",security_model=none,mount_tag=\"" #$(file-system->mount-tag fs) "\" ")) #~(string-append ;; Only enable kvm if we see /dev/kvm exists. ;; This allows users without hardware virtualization to still use these ;; commands. #$(if (file-exists? "/dev/kvm") " -enable-kvm " "") " -no-reboot -net nic,model=virtio \ " #$@(map virtfs-option shared-fs) " \ -vga std \ -drive file=" #$image ",if=virtio,cache=writeback,werror=report,readonly \ -m 256")) (define* (system-qemu-image/shared-store-script os #:key (qemu qemu) (graphic? #t) (mappings '()) full-boot? (disk-image-size (* (if full-boot? 500 30) (expt 2 20)))) "Return a derivation that builds a script to run a virtual machine image of OS that shares its store with the host. MAPPINGS is a list of specifying mapping of host file systems into the guest. When FULL-BOOT? is true, the returned script runs everything starting from the bootloader; otherwise it directly starts the operating system kernel. The DISK-IMAGE-SIZE parameter specifies the size in bytes of the root disk image; it is mostly useful when FULL-BOOT? is true." (mlet* %store-monad ((os -> (virtualized-operating-system os mappings)) (os-drv (operating-system-derivation os)) (image (system-qemu-image/shared-store os #:full-boot? full-boot? #:disk-image-size disk-image-size))) (define builder #~(call-with-output-file #$output (lambda (port) (display (string-append "#!" #$bash "/bin/sh exec " #$qemu "/bin/" #$(qemu-command (%current-system)) #$@(if full-boot? #~() #~(" -kernel " #$(operating-system-kernel-file os) " \ -initrd " #$os-drv "/initrd \ -append \"" #$(if graphic? "" "console=ttyS0 ") "--system=" #$os-drv " --load=" #$os-drv "/boot --root=/dev/vda1 " (string-join (list #+@(operating-system-kernel-arguments os))) "\" ")) #$(common-qemu-options image (map file-system-mapping-source (cons %store-mapping mappings))) " \"$@\"\n") port) (chmod port #o555)))) (gexp->derivation "run-vm.sh" builder))) ;;; vm.scm ends here