path: root/guix/scripts/system.scm

;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2016 Alex Kost <alezost@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2016, 2017, 2018 Chris Marusich <cmmarusich@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2017 Mathieu Othacehe <m.othacehe@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2018 Ricardo Wurmus <rekado@elephly.net>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (guix scripts system)
  #:use-module (guix config)
  #:use-module (guix ui)
  #:use-module (guix status)
  #:use-module (guix store)
  #:autoload   (guix store database) (register-path)
  #:use-module (guix grafts)
  #:use-module (guix gexp)
  #:use-module (guix derivations)
  #:use-module (guix packages)
  #:use-module (guix utils)
  #:use-module (guix monads)
  #:use-module (guix records)
  #:use-module (guix profiles)
  #:use-module (guix scripts)
  #:use-module (guix scripts build)
  #:use-module (guix graph)
  #:use-module (guix scripts graph)
  #:use-module (guix build utils)
  #:use-module (guix progress)
  #:use-module ((guix build syscalls) #:select (terminal-columns))
  #:use-module (gnu build install)
  #:autoload   (gnu build file-systems)
                 (find-partition-by-label find-partition-by-uuid)
  #:autoload   (gnu build linux-modules)
                 (device-module-aliases matching-modules)
  #:use-module (gnu system linux-initrd)
  #:use-module (gnu system)
  #:use-module (gnu bootloader)
  #:use-module (gnu system file-systems)
  #:use-module (gnu system mapped-devices)
  #:use-module (gnu system linux-container)
  #:use-module (gnu system uuid)
  #:use-module (gnu system vm)
  #:use-module (gnu services)
  #:use-module (gnu services shepherd)
  #:use-module (gnu services herd)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-11)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-19)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-34)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-35)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-37)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
  #:export (guix-system
            read-operating-system))


;;;
;;; Operating system declaration.
;;;

(define %user-module
  ;; Module in which the machine description file is loaded.
  (make-user-module '((gnu system)
                      (gnu services)
                      (gnu system shadow))))

(define (read-operating-system file)
  "Read the operating-system declaration from FILE and return it."
  (load* file %user-module))


;;;
;;; Installation.
;;;

(define-syntax-rule (save-load-path-excursion body ...)
  "Save the current values of '%load-path' and '%load-compiled-path', run
BODY..., and restore them."
  (let ((path %load-path)
        (cpath %load-compiled-path))
    (dynamic-wind
      (const #t)
      (lambda ()
        body ...)
      (lambda ()
        (set! %load-path path)
        (set! %load-compiled-path cpath)))))

(define-syntax-rule (save-environment-excursion body ...)
  "Save the current environment variables, run BODY..., and restore them."
  (let ((env (environ)))
    (dynamic-wind
      (const #t)
      (lambda ()
        body ...)
      (lambda ()
        (environ env)))))

(define topologically-sorted*
  (store-lift topologically-sorted))


(define* (copy-item item references target
                    #:key (log-port (current-error-port)))
  "Copy ITEM to the store under root directory TARGET and register it with
REFERENCES as its set of references."
  (let ((dest  (string-append target item))
        (state (string-append target "/var/guix")))
    (format log-port "copying '~a'...~%" item)

    ;; Remove DEST if it exists to make sure that (1) we do not fail badly
    ;; while trying to overwrite it (see <http://bugs.gnu.org/20722>), and
    ;; (2) we end up with the right contents.
    (when (false-if-exception (lstat dest))
      (for-each make-file-writable
                (find-files dest (lambda (file stat)
                                   (eq? 'directory (stat:type stat)))
                            #:directories? #t))
      (delete-file-recursively dest))

    (copy-recursively item dest
                      #:log (%make-void-port "w"))

    ;; Register ITEM; as a side-effect, it resets timestamps, etc.
    ;; Explicitly use "TARGET/var/guix" as the state directory, to avoid
    ;; reproducing the user's current settings; see
    ;; <http://bugs.gnu.org/18049>.
    (unless (register-path item
                           #:prefix target
                           #:state-directory state
                           #:references references)
      (leave (G_ "failed to register '~a' under '~a'~%")
             item target))))

(define* (copy-closure item target
                       #:key (log-port (current-error-port)))
  "Copy ITEM and all its dependencies to the store under root directory
TARGET, and register them."
  (mlet* %store-monad ((to-copy (topologically-sorted* (list item)))
                       (refs    (mapm %store-monad references* to-copy))
                       (info    (mapm %store-monad query-path-info*
                                      (delete-duplicates
                                       (append to-copy (concatenate refs)))))
                       (size -> (reduce + 0 (map path-info-nar-size info))))
    (define progress-bar
      (progress-reporter/bar (length to-copy)
                             (format #f (G_ "copying to '~a'...")
                                     target)))

    (check-available-space size target)

    (call-with-progress-reporter progress-bar
      (lambda (report)
        (let ((void (%make-void-port "w")))
          (for-each (lambda (item refs)
                      (copy-item item refs target #:log-port void)
                      (report))
                    to-copy refs))))

    (return *unspecified*)))

(define* (install-bootloader installer-drv
                             #:key
                             bootcfg bootcfg-file
                             target)
  "Call INSTALLER-DRV with error handling, in %STORE-MONAD."
  (with-monad %store-monad
    (let* ((gc-root      (string-append target %gc-roots-directory
                                        "/bootcfg"))
           (temp-gc-root (string-append gc-root ".new"))
           (install (and installer-drv
                         (derivation->output-path installer-drv)))
           (bootcfg (derivation->output-path bootcfg)))
      ;; Prepare the symlink to bootloader config file to make sure that it's
      ;; a GC root when 'installer-drv' completes (being a bit paranoid.)
      (switch-symlinks temp-gc-root bootcfg)

      (unless (false-if-exception
               (begin
                 (install-boot-config bootcfg bootcfg-file target)
                 (when install
                   (save-load-path-excursion (primitive-load install)))))
        (delete-file temp-gc-root)
        (leave (G_ "failed to install bootloader ~a~%") install))

      ;; Register bootloader config file as a GC root so that its dependencies
      ;; (background image, font, etc.) are not reclaimed.
      (rename-file temp-gc-root gc-root)
      (return #t))))

(define* (install os-drv target
                  #:key (log-port (current-output-port))
                  bootloader-installer install-bootloader?
                  bootcfg bootcfg-file)
  "Copy the closure of BOOTCFG, which includes the output of OS-DRV, to
directory TARGET.  TARGET must be an absolute directory name since that's what
'register-path' expects.

When INSTALL-BOOTLOADER? is true, install bootloader using BOOTCFG."
  (define (maybe-copy to-copy)
    (with-monad %store-monad
      (if (string=? target "/")
          (begin
            (warning (G_ "initializing the current root file system~%"))
            (return #t))
          (begin
            ;; Make sure the target store exists.
            (mkdir-p (string-append target (%store-prefix)))

            ;; Copy items to the new store.
            (copy-closure to-copy target #:log-port log-port)))))

  ;; Make sure TARGET is root-owned when running as root, but still allow
  ;; non-root uses (useful for testing.)  See
  ;; <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2015-05/msg00452.html>.
  (if (zero? (geteuid))
      (chown target 0 0)
      (warning (G_ "not running as 'root', so \
the ownership of '~a' may be incorrect!~%")
               target))

  ;; If a previous installation was attempted, make sure we start anew; in
  ;; particular, we don't want to keep a store database that might not
  ;; correspond to what we're actually putting in the store.
  (let ((state (string-append target "/var/guix")))
    (when (file-exists? state)
      (delete-file-recursively state)))

  (chmod target #o755)
  (let ((os-dir   (derivation->output-path os-drv))
        (format   (lift format %store-monad))
        (populate (lift2 populate-root-file-system %store-monad)))

    (mbegin %store-monad
      ;; Copy the closure of BOOTCFG, which includes OS-DIR,
      ;; eventual background image and so on.
      (maybe-copy
       (derivation->output-path bootcfg))

      ;; Create a bunch of additional files.
      (format log-port "populating '~a'...~%" target)
      (populate os-dir target)

      (mwhen install-bootloader?
        (install-bootloader bootloader-installer
                            #:bootcfg bootcfg
                            #:bootcfg-file bootcfg-file
                            #:target target)))))


;;;
;;; Reconfiguration.
;;;

(define %system-profile
  ;; The system profile.
  (string-append %state-directory "/profiles/system"))

(define-syntax-rule (with-shepherd-error-handling mbody ...)
  "Catch and report Shepherd errors that arise when binding MBODY, a monadic
expression in %STORE-MONAD."
  (lambda (store)
    (catch 'system-error
      (lambda ()
        (guard (c ((shepherd-error? c)
                   (values (report-shepherd-error c) store)))
          (values (run-with-store store (begin mbody ...))
                  store)))
      (lambda (key proc format-string format-args errno . rest)
        (warning (G_ "while talking to shepherd: ~a~%")
                 (apply format #f format-string format-args))
        (values #f store)))))

(define (report-shepherd-error error)
  "Report ERROR, a '&shepherd-error' error condition object."
  (cond ((service-not-found-error? error)
         (report-error (G_ "service '~a' could not be found~%")
                       (service-not-found-error-service error)))
        ((action-not-found-error? error)
         (report-error (G_ "service '~a' does not have an action '~a'~%")
                       (action-not-found-error-service error)
                       (action-not-found-error-action error)))
        ((action-exception-error? error)
         (report-error (G_ "exception caught while executing '~a' \
on service '~a':~%")
                       (action-exception-error-action error)
                       (action-exception-error-service error))
         (print-exception (current-error-port) #f
                          (action-exception-error-key error)
                          (action-exception-error-arguments error)))
        ((unknown-shepherd-error? error)
         (report-error (G_ "something went wrong: ~s~%")
                       (unknown-shepherd-error-sexp error)))
        ((shepherd-error? error)
         (report-error (G_ "shepherd error~%")))
        ((not error)                              ;not an error
         #t)))

(define (call-with-service-upgrade-info new-services mproc)
  "Call MPROC, a monadic procedure in %STORE-MONAD, passing it the list of
names of services to load (upgrade), and the list of names of services to
unload."
  (match (current-services)
    ((services ...)
     (let-values (((to-unload to-restart)
                   (shepherd-service-upgrade services new-services)))
       (mproc to-restart
              (map (compose first live-service-provision)
                   to-unload))))
    (#f
     (with-monad %store-monad
       (warning (G_ "failed to obtain list of shepherd services~%"))
       (return #f)))))

(define (upgrade-shepherd-services os)
  "Upgrade the Shepherd (PID 1) by unloading obsolete services and loading new
services specified in OS and not currently running.

This is currently very conservative in that it does not stop or unload any
running service.  Unloading or stopping the wrong service ('udev', say) could
bring the system down."
  (define new-services
    (service-value
     (fold-services (operating-system-services os)
                    #:target-type shepherd-root-service-type)))

  ;; Arrange to simply emit a warning if the service upgrade fails.
  (with-shepherd-error-handling
   (call-with-service-upgrade-info new-services
     (lambda (to-restart to-unload)
        (for-each (lambda (unload)
                    (info (G_ "unloading service '~a'...~%") unload)
                    (unload-service unload))
                  to-unload)

        (with-monad %store-monad
          (munless (null? new-services)
            (let ((new-service-names  (map shepherd-service-canonical-name new-services))
                  (to-restart-names   (map shepherd-service-canonical-name to-restart))
                  (to-start           (filter shepherd-service-auto-start? new-services)))
              (info (G_ "loading new services:~{ ~a~}...~%") new-service-names)
              (unless (null? to-restart-names)
                ;; Listing TO-RESTART-NAMES in the message below wouldn't help
                ;; because many essential services cannot be meaningfully
                ;; restarted.  See <https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=22039#30>.
                (format #t (G_ "To complete the upgrade, run 'herd restart SERVICE' to stop,
upgrade, and restart each service that was not automatically restarted.\n")))
              (mlet %store-monad ((files (mapm %store-monad
                                               (compose lower-object
                                                        shepherd-service-file)
                                               new-services)))
                ;; Here we assume that FILES are exactly those that were computed
                ;; as part of the derivation that built OS, which is normally the
                ;; case.
                (load-services/safe (map derivation->output-path files))

                (for-each start-service
                          (map shepherd-service-canonical-name to-start))
                (return #t)))))))))

(define* (switch-to-system os
                           #:optional (profile %system-profile))
  "Make a new generation of PROFILE pointing to the directory of OS, switch to
it atomically, and then run OS's activation script."
  (mlet* %store-monad ((drv (operating-system-derivation os))
                       (script (lower-object (operating-system-activation-script os))))
    (let* ((system     (derivation->output-path drv))
           (number     (+ 1 (generation-number profile)))
           (generation (generation-file-name profile number)))
      (switch-symlinks generation system)
      (switch-symlinks profile generation)

      (format #t (G_ "activating system...~%"))

      ;; The activation script may change $PATH, among others, so protect
      ;; against that.
      (save-environment-excursion
       ;; Tell 'activate-current-system' what the new system is.
       (setenv "GUIX_NEW_SYSTEM" system)

       ;; The activation script may modify '%load-path' & co., so protect
       ;; against that.  This is necessary to ensure that
       ;; 'upgrade-shepherd-services' gets to see the right modules when it
       ;; computes derivations with 'gexp->derivation'.
       (save-load-path-excursion
        (primitive-load (derivation->output-path script))))

      ;; Finally, try to update system services.
      (upgrade-shepherd-services os))))

(define-syntax-rule (unless-file-not-found exp)
  (catch 'system-error
    (lambda ()
      exp)
    (lambda args
      (if (= ENOENT (system-error-errno args))
          #f
          (apply throw args)))))

(define (seconds->string seconds)
  "Return a string representing the date for SECONDS."
  (let ((time (make-time time-utc 0 seconds)))
    (date->string (time-utc->date time)
                  "~Y-~m-~d ~H:~M")))

(define* (profile-boot-parameters #:optional (profile %system-profile)
                                  (numbers
                                   (reverse (generation-numbers profile))))
  "Return a list of 'boot-parameters' for the generations of PROFILE specified
by NUMBERS, which is a list of generation numbers. The list is ordered from
the most recent to the oldest profiles."
  (define (system->boot-parameters system number time)
    (unless-file-not-found
     (let* ((params           (read-boot-parameters-file system))
            (label            (boot-parameters-label params)))
       (boot-parameters
         (inherit params)
         (label (string-append label " (#"
                               (number->string number) ", "
                               (seconds->string time) ")"))))))
  (let* ((systems (map (cut generation-file-name profile <>)
                       numbers))
         (times   (map (lambda (system)
                         (unless-file-not-found
                          (stat:mtime (lstat system))))
                       systems)))
    (filter-map system->boot-parameters systems numbers times)))


;;;
;;; Roll-back.
;;;
(define (roll-back-system store)
  "Roll back the system profile to its previous generation.  STORE is an open
connection to the store."
  (switch-to-system-generation store "-1"))


;;;
;;; Switch generations.
;;;
(define (switch-to-system-generation store spec)
  "Switch the system profile to the generation specified by SPEC, and
re-install bootloader with a configuration file that uses the specified system
generation as its default entry.  STORE is an open connection to the store."
  (let ((number (relative-generation-spec->number %system-profile spec)))
    (if number
        (begin
          (reinstall-bootloader store number)
          (switch-to-generation* %system-profile number))
        (leave (G_ "cannot switch to system generation '~a'~%") spec))))

(define* (system-bootloader-name #:optional (system %system-profile))
  "Return the bootloader name stored in SYSTEM's \"parameters\" file."
  (let ((params (unless-file-not-found
                 (read-boot-parameters-file system))))
    (boot-parameters-bootloader-name params)))

(define (reinstall-bootloader store number)
  "Re-install bootloader for existing system profile generation NUMBER.
STORE is an open connection to the store."
  (let* ((generation (generation-file-name %system-profile number))
         ;; Detect the bootloader used in %system-profile.
         (bootloader (lookup-bootloader-by-name (system-bootloader-name)))

         ;; Use the detected bootloader with default configuration.
         ;; It will be enough to allow the system to boot.
         (bootloader-config (bootloader-configuration
                             (bootloader bootloader)))

         ;; Make the specified system generation the default entry.
         (params (profile-boot-parameters %system-profile (list number)))
         (old-generations (delv number (generation-numbers %system-profile)))
         (old-params (profile-boot-parameters
                       %system-profile old-generations))
         (entries (map boot-parameters->menu-entry params))
         (old-entries (map boot-parameters->menu-entry old-params)))
    (run-with-store store
      (mlet* %store-monad
          ((bootcfg ((bootloader-configuration-file-generator bootloader)
                     bootloader-config entries
                     #:old-entries old-entries))
           (bootcfg-file -> (bootloader-configuration-file bootloader))
           (target -> "/")
           (drvs -> (list bootcfg)))
        (mbegin %store-monad
          (show-what-to-build* drvs)
          (built-derivations drvs)
          ;; Only install bootloader configuration file. Thus, no installer is
          ;; provided here.
          (install-bootloader #f
                              #:bootcfg bootcfg
                              #:bootcfg-file bootcfg-file
                              #:target target))))))


;;;
;;; Graphs.
;;;

(define (service-node-label service)
  "Return a label to represent SERVICE."
  (let ((type  (service-kind service))
        (value (service-value service)))
    (string-append (symbol->string (service-type-name type))
                   (cond ((or (number? value) (symbol? value))
                          (string-append " " (object->string value)))
                         ((string? value)
                          (string-append " " value))
                         ((file-system? value)
                          (string-append " " (file-system-mount-point value)))
                         (else
                          "")))))

(define (service-node-type services)
  "Return a node type for SERVICES.  Since <service> instances are not
self-contained (they express dependencies on service types, not on services),
we have to create the 'edges' procedure dynamically as a function of the full
list of services."
  (node-type
   (name "service")
   (description "the DAG of services")
   (identifier (lift1 object-address %store-monad))
   (label service-node-label)
   (edges (lift1 (service-back-edges services) %store-monad))))

(define (shepherd-service-node-label service)
  "Return a label for a node representing a <shepherd-service>."
  (string-join (map symbol->string (shepherd-service-provision service))))

(define (shepherd-service-node-type services)
  "Return a node type for SERVICES, a list of <shepherd-service>."
  (node-type
   (name "shepherd-service")
   (description "the dependency graph of shepherd services")
   (identifier (lift1 shepherd-service-node-label %store-monad))
   (label shepherd-service-node-label)
   (edges (lift1 (shepherd-service-back-edges services) %store-monad))))


;;;
;;; Generations.
;;;

(define* (display-system-generation number
                                    #:optional (profile %system-profile))
  "Display a summary of system generation NUMBER in a human-readable format."
  (unless (zero? number)
    (let* ((generation  (generation-file-name profile number))
           (params      (read-boot-parameters-file generation))
           (label       (boot-parameters-label params))
           (bootloader-name (boot-parameters-bootloader-name params))
           (root        (boot-parameters-root-device params))
           (root-device (if (bytevector? root)
                            (uuid->string root)
                            root))
           (kernel      (boot-parameters-kernel params)))
      (display-generation profile number)
      (format #t (G_ "  file name: ~a~%") generation)
      (format #t (G_ "  canonical file name: ~a~%") (readlink* generation))
      ;; TRANSLATORS: Please preserve the two-space indentation.
      (format #t (G_ "  label: ~a~%") label)
      (format #t (G_ "  bootloader: ~a~%") bootloader-name)

      ;; TRANSLATORS: The '~[', '~;', and '~]' sequences in this string must
      ;; be preserved.  They denote conditionals, such that the result will
      ;; look like:
      ;;   root device: UUID: 12345-678
      ;; or:
      ;;   root device: label: "my-root"
      ;; or just:
      ;;   root device: /dev/sda3
      (format #t (G_ "  root device: ~[UUID: ~a~;label: ~s~;~a~]~%")
              (cond ((uuid? root-device) 0)
                    ((file-system-label? root-device) 1)
                    (else 2))
              (cond ((uuid? root-device)
                     (uuid->string root-device))
                    ((file-system-label? root-device)
                     (file-system-label->string root-device))
                    (else
                     root-device)))

      (format #t (G_ "  kernel: ~a~%") kernel))))

(define* (list-generations pattern #:optional (profile %system-profile))
  "Display in a human-readable format all the system generations matching
PATTERN, a string.  When PATTERN is #f, display all the system generations."
  (cond ((not (file-exists? profile))             ; XXX: race condition
         (raise (condition (&profile-not-found-error
                            (profile profile)))))
        ((string-null? pattern)
         (for-each display-system-generation (profile-generations profile)))
        ((matching-generations pattern profile)
         =>
         (lambda (numbers)
           (if (null-list? numbers)
               (exit 1)
               (leave-on-EPIPE
                (for-each display-system-generation numbers)))))
        (else
         (leave (G_ "invalid syntax: ~a~%") pattern))))


;;;
;;; File system declaration checks.
;;;

(define (check-file-system-availability file-systems)
  "Check whether the UUIDs or partition labels that FILE-SYSTEMS refer to, if
any, are available.  Raise an error if they're not."
  (define relevant
    (filter (lambda (fs)
              (and (file-system-mount? fs)
                   (not (member (file-system-type fs)
                                %pseudo-file-system-types))
                   (not (memq 'bind-mount (file-system-flags fs)))))
            file-systems))

  (define labeled
    (filter (lambda (fs)
              (file-system-label? (file-system-device fs)))
            relevant))

  (define literal
    (filter (lambda (fs)
              (string? (file-system-device fs)))
            relevant))

  (define uuid
    (filter (lambda (fs)
              (uuid? (file-system-device fs)))
            relevant))

  (define fail? #f)

  (define (file-system-location* fs)
    (location->string
     (source-properties->location
      (file-system-location fs))))

  (let-syntax ((error (syntax-rules ()
                        ((_ args ...)
                         (begin
                           (set! fail? #t)
                           (format (current-error-port)
                                   args ...))))))
    (for-each (lambda (fs)
                (catch 'system-error
                  (lambda ()
                    (stat (file-system-device fs)))
                  (lambda args
                    (let ((errno  (system-error-errno args))
                          (device (file-system-device fs)))
                      (error (G_ "~a: error: device '~a' not found: ~a~%")
                             (file-system-location* fs) device
                             (strerror errno))
                      (unless (string-prefix? "/" device)
                        (display-hint (format #f (G_ "If '~a' is a file system
label, write @code{(file-system-label ~s)} in your @code{device} field.")
                                              device device)))))))
              literal)
    (for-each (lambda (fs)
                (let ((label (file-system-label->string
                              (file-system-device fs))))
                  (unless (find-partition-by-label label)
                    (error (G_ "~a: error: file system with label '~a' not found~%")
                           (file-system-location* fs) label))))
              labeled)
    (for-each (lambda (fs)
                (unless (find-partition-by-uuid (file-system-device fs))
                  (error (G_ "~a: error: file system with UUID '~a' not found~%")
                         (file-system-location* fs)
                         (uuid->string (file-system-device fs)))))
              uuid)

    (when fail?
      ;; Better be safe than sorry.
      (exit 1))))

(define (check-mapped-devices os)
  "Check that each of MAPPED-DEVICES is valid according to the 'check'
procedure of its type."
  (define boot-mapped-devices
    (operating-system-boot-mapped-devices os))

  (define (needed-for-boot? md)
    (memq md boot-mapped-devices))

  (define initrd-modules
    (operating-system-initrd-modules os))

  (for-each (lambda (md)
              (let ((check (mapped-device-kind-check
                            (mapped-device-type md))))
                ;; We expect CHECK to raise an exception with a detailed
                ;; '&message' if something goes wrong.
                (check md
                       #:needed-for-boot? (needed-for-boot? md)
                       #:initrd-modules initrd-modules)))
            (operating-system-mapped-devices os)))

(define (check-initrd-modules os)
  "Check that modules needed by 'needed-for-boot' file systems in OS are
available in the initrd.  Note that mapped devices are responsible for
checking this by themselves in their 'check' procedure."
  (define (file-system-/dev fs)
    (let ((device (file-system-device fs)))
      (match device
        ((? string?)
         device)
        ((? uuid?)
         (find-partition-by-uuid device))
        ((? file-system-label?)
         (find-partition-by-label (file-system-label->string device))))))

  (define file-systems
    (filter file-system-needed-for-boot?
            (operating-system-file-systems os)))

  (for-each (lambda (fs)
              (check-device-initrd-modules (file-system-/dev fs)
                                           (operating-system-initrd-modules os)
                                           (source-properties->location
                                            (file-system-location fs))))
            file-systems))


;;;
;;; Action.
;;;

(define* (system-derivation-for-action os action
                                       #:key image-size file-system-type
                                       full-boot? mappings)
  "Return as a monadic value the derivation for OS according to ACTION."
  (case action
    ((build init reconfigure)
     (operating-system-derivation os))
    ((container)
     (container-script os #:mappings mappings))
    ((vm-image)
     (system-qemu-image os #:disk-image-size image-size))
    ((vm)
     (system-qemu-image/shared-store-script os
                                            #:full-boot? full-boot?
                                            #:disk-image-size
                                            (if full-boot?
                                                image-size
                                                (* 70 (expt 2 20)))
                                            #:mappings mappings))
    ((disk-image)
     (system-disk-image os
                        #:name (match file-system-type
                                 ("iso9660" "image.iso")
                                 (_         "disk-image"))
                        #:disk-image-size image-size
                        #:file-system-type file-system-type))
    ((docker-image)
     (system-docker-image os #:register-closures? #t))))

(define (maybe-suggest-running-guix-pull)
  "Suggest running 'guix pull' if this has never been done before."
  ;; The reason for this is that the 'guix' binding that we see here comes
  ;; from either ~/.config/latest or, if it's missing, from the
  ;; globally-installed Guix, which is necessarily older.  See
  ;; <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-08/msg00057.html> for
  ;; a discussion.
  (define latest
    (string-append (config-directory) "/current"))

  (unless (file-exists? latest)
    (warning (G_ "~a not found: 'guix pull' was never run~%") latest)
    (warning (G_ "Consider running 'guix pull' before 'reconfigure'.~%"))
    (warning (G_ "Failing to do that may downgrade your system!~%"))))

(define (bootloader-installer-derivation installer
                                         bootloader device target)
  "Return a file calling INSTALLER gexp with given BOOTLOADER, DEVICE
and TARGET arguments."
  (with-monad %store-monad
    (gexp->file "bootloader-installer"
                (with-imported-modules '((gnu build bootloader)
                                         (guix build utils))
                  #~(begin
                      (use-modules (gnu build bootloader)
                                   (guix build utils)
                                   (ice-9 binary-ports))
                      (#$installer #$bootloader #$device #$target))))))

(define* (perform-action action os
                         #:key skip-safety-checks?
                         install-bootloader?
                         dry-run? derivations-only?
                         use-substitutes? bootloader-target target
                         image-size file-system-type full-boot?
                         (mappings '())
                         (gc-root #f))
  "Perform ACTION for OS.  INSTALL-BOOTLOADER? specifies whether to install
bootloader; BOOTLOADER-TAGET is the target for the bootloader; TARGET is the
target root directory; IMAGE-SIZE is the size of the image to be built, for
the 'vm-image' and 'disk-image' actions.  The root file system is created as a
FILE-SYSTEM-TYPE file system.  FULL-BOOT? is used for the 'vm' action; it
determines whether to boot directly to the kernel or to the bootloader.

When DERIVATIONS-ONLY? is true, print the derivation file name(s) without
building anything.

When GC-ROOT is a path, also make that path an indirect root of the build
output when building a system derivation, such as a disk image.

When SKIP-SAFETY-CHECKS? is true, skip the file system and initrd module
static checks."
  (define println
    (cut format #t "~a~%" <>))

  (when (eq? action 'reconfigure)
    (maybe-suggest-running-guix-pull))

  ;; Check whether the declared file systems exist.  This is better than
  ;; instantiating a broken configuration.  Assume that we can only check if
  ;; running as root.
  (when (and (not skip-safety-checks?)
             (memq action '(init reconfigure)))
    (check-mapped-devices os)
    (when (zero? (getuid))
      (check-file-system-availability (operating-system-file-systems os))
      (check-initrd-modules os)))

  (mlet* %store-monad
      ((sys       (system-derivation-for-action os action
                                                #:file-system-type file-system-type
                                                #:image-size image-size
                                                #:full-boot? full-boot?
                                                #:mappings mappings))
       (bootloader -> (bootloader-configuration-bootloader
                       (operating-system-bootloader os)))
       (bootloader-package
        (let ((package (bootloader-package bootloader)))
          (if package
              (package->derivation package)
              (return #f))))
       (bootcfg  (if (eq? 'container action)
                     (return #f)
                     (operating-system-bootcfg
                      os
                      (if (eq? 'init action)
                          '()
                          (map boot-parameters->menu-entry
                               (profile-boot-parameters))))))
       (bootcfg-file -> (bootloader-configuration-file bootloader))
       (bootloader-installer
        (let ((installer (bootloader-installer bootloader))
              (target    (or target "/")))
          (bootloader-installer-derivation installer
                                           bootloader-package
                                           bootloader-target target)))

       ;; For 'init' and 'reconfigure', always build BOOTCFG, even if
       ;; --no-bootloader is passed, because we then use it as a GC root.
       ;; See <http://bugs.gnu.org/21068>.
       (drvs   -> (if (memq action '(init reconfigure))
                      (if (and install-bootloader? bootloader-package)
                          (list sys bootcfg
				bootloader-package
				bootloader-installer)
                          (list sys bootcfg))
                      (list sys)))
       (%         (if derivations-only?
                      (return (for-each (compose println derivation-file-name)
                                        drvs))
                      (maybe-build drvs #:dry-run? dry-run?
                                   #:use-substitutes? use-substitutes?))))

    (if (or dry-run? derivations-only?)
        (return #f)
        (begin
          (for-each (compose println derivation->output-path)
                    drvs)

          (case action
            ((reconfigure)
             (mbegin %store-monad
               (switch-to-system os)
               (mwhen install-bootloader?
                 (install-bootloader bootloader-installer
                                     #:bootcfg bootcfg
                                     #:bootcfg-file bootcfg-file
                                     #:target "/"))))
            ((init)
             (newline)
             (format #t (G_ "initializing operating system under '~a'...~%")
                     target)
             (install sys (canonicalize-path target)
                      #:install-bootloader? install-bootloader?
                      #:bootcfg bootcfg
                      #:bootcfg-file bootcfg-file
                      #:bootloader-installer bootloader-installer))
            (else
             ;; All we had to do was to build SYS and maybe register an
             ;; indirect GC root.
             (let ((output (derivation->output-path sys)))
               (mbegin %store-monad
                 (mwhen gc-root
                   (register-root* (list output) gc-root))
                 (return output)))))))))

(define (export-extension-graph os port)
  "Export the service extension graph of OS to PORT."
  (let* ((services (operating-system-services os))
         (system   (find (lambda (service)
                           (eq? (service-kind service) system-service-type))
                         services)))
    (export-graph (list system) (current-output-port)
                  #:node-type (service-node-type services)
                  #:reverse-edges? #t)))

(define (export-shepherd-graph os port)
  "Export the graph of shepherd services of OS to PORT."
  (let* ((services  (operating-system-services os))
         (pid1      (fold-services services
                                   #:target-type shepherd-root-service-type))
         (shepherds (service-value pid1))         ;list of <shepherd-service>
         (sinks     (filter (lambda (service)
                              (null? (shepherd-service-requirement service)))
                            shepherds)))
    (export-graph sinks (current-output-port)
                  #:node-type (shepherd-service-node-type shepherds)
                  #:reverse-edges? #t)))


;;;
;;; Options.
;;;

(define (show-help)
  (display (G_ "Usage: guix system [OPTION ...] ACTION [ARG ...] [FILE]
Build the operating system declared in FILE according to ACTION.
Some ACTIONS support additional ARGS.\n"))
  (newline)
  (display (G_ "The valid values for ACTION are:\n"))
  (newline)
  (display (G_ "\
   search           search for existing service types\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   reconfigure      switch to a new operating system configuration\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   roll-back        switch to the previous operating system configuration\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   switch-generation switch to an existing operating system configuration\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   list-generations list the system generations\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   build            build the operating system without installing anything\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   container        build a container that shares the host's store\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   vm               build a virtual machine image that shares the host's store\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   vm-image         build a freestanding virtual machine image\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   disk-image       build a disk image, suitable for a USB stick\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   docker-image     build a Docker image\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   init             initialize a root file system to run GNU\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   extension-graph  emit the service extension graph in Dot format\n"))
  (display (G_ "\
   shepherd-graph   emit the graph of shepherd services in Dot format\n"))

  (show-build-options-help)
  (display (G_ "
  -d, --derivation       return the derivation of the given system"))
  (display (G_ "
  -e, --expression=EXPR  consider the operating-system EXPR evaluates to
                         instead of reading FILE, when applicable"))
  (display (G_ "
      --on-error=STRATEGY
                         apply STRATEGY when an error occurs while reading FILE"))
  (display (G_ "
      --file-system-type=TYPE
                         for 'disk-image', produce a root file system of TYPE
                         (one of 'ext4', 'iso9660')"))
  (display (G_ "
      --image-size=SIZE  for 'vm-image', produce an image of SIZE"))
  (display (G_ "
      --no-bootloader    for 'init', do not install a bootloader"))
  (display (G_ "
      --share=SPEC       for 'vm', share host file system according to SPEC"))
  (display (G_ "
  -r, --root=FILE        for 'vm', 'vm-image', 'disk-image', 'container',
                         and 'build', make FILE a symlink to the result, and
                         register it as a garbage collector root"))
  (display (G_ "
      --expose=SPEC      for 'vm', expose host file system according to SPEC"))
  (display (G_ "
      --full-boot        for 'vm', make a full boot sequence"))
  (display (G_ "
      --skip-checks      skip file system and initrd module safety checks"))
  (newline)
  (display (G_ "
  -h, --help             display this help and exit"))
  (display (G_ "
  -V, --version          display version information and exit"))
  (newline)
  (show-bug-report-information))

(define %options
  ;; Specifications of the command-line options.
  (cons* (option '(#\h "help") #f #f
                 (lambda args
                   (show-help)
                   (exit 0)))
         (option '(#\V "version") #f #f
                 (lambda args
                   (show-version-and-exit "guix system")))
         (option '(#\e "expression") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'expression arg result)))
         (option '(#\d "derivation") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'derivations-only? #t result)))
         (option '("on-error") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'on-error (string->symbol arg)
                               result)))
         (option '(#\t "file-system-type") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'file-system-type arg
                               result)))
         (option '("image-size") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'image-size (size->number arg)
                               result)))
         (option '("no-bootloader" "no-grub") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'install-bootloader? #f result)))
         (option '("full-boot") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'full-boot? #t result)))
         (option '("skip-checks") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'skip-safety-checks? #t result)))

         (option '("share") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'file-system-mapping
                               (specification->file-system-mapping arg #t)
                               result)))
         (option '("expose") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'file-system-mapping
                               (specification->file-system-mapping arg #f)
                               result)))

         (option '(#\n "dry-run") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'dry-run? #t (alist-cons 'graft? #f result))))
         (option '(#\s "system") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'system arg
                               (alist-delete 'system result eq?))))
         (option '(#\r "root") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'gc-root arg result)))
         %standard-build-options))

(define %default-options
  ;; Alist of default option values.
  `((system . ,(%current-system))
    (substitutes? . #t)
    (build-hook? . #t)
    (print-build-trace? . #t)
    (print-extended-build-trace? . #t)
    (multiplexed-build-output? . #t)
    (graft? . #t)
    (verbosity . 0)
    (file-system-type . "ext4")
    (image-size . guess)
    (install-bootloader? . #t)))


;;;
;;; Entry point.
;;;

(define (process-action action args opts)
  "Process ACTION, a sub-command, with the arguments are listed in ARGS.
ACTION must be one of the sub-commands that takes an operating system
declaration as an argument (a file name.)  OPTS is the raw alist of options
resulting from command-line parsing."
  (let* ((file        (match args
                        (() #f)
                        ((x . _) x)))
         (expr        (assoc-ref opts 'expression))
         (system      (assoc-ref opts 'system))
         (os          (cond
                       ((and expr file)
                        (leave
                         (G_ "both file and expression cannot be specified~%")))
                       (expr
                        (read/eval expr))
                       (file
                        (load* file %user-module
                                    #:on-error (assoc-ref opts 'on-error)))
                       (else
                        (leave (G_ "no configuration specified~%")))))

         (dry?        (assoc-ref opts 'dry-run?))
         (bootloader? (assoc-ref opts 'install-bootloader?))
         (target      (match args
                        ((first second) second)
                        (_ #f)))
         (bootloader-target
                      (and bootloader?
                           (bootloader-configuration-target
                            (operating-system-bootloader os)))))

    (with-store store
      (set-build-options-from-command-line store opts)

      (run-with-store store
        (mbegin %store-monad
          (set-guile-for-build (default-guile))
          (case action
            ((extension-graph)
             (export-extension-graph os (current-output-port)))
            ((shepherd-graph)
             (export-shepherd-graph os (current-output-port)))
            (else
             (unless (memq action '(build init))
               (warn-about-old-distro #:suggested-command
                                      "guix system reconfigure"))

             (perform-action action os
                             #:dry-run? dry?
                             #:derivations-only? (assoc-ref opts
                                                            'derivations-only?)
                             #:use-substitutes? (assoc-ref opts 'substitutes?)
                             #:skip-safety-checks?
                             (assoc-ref opts 'skip-safety-checks?)
                             #:file-system-type (assoc-ref opts 'file-system-type)
                             #:image-size (assoc-ref opts 'image-size)
                             #:full-boot? (assoc-ref opts 'full-boot?)
                             #:mappings (filter-map (match-lambda
                                                      (('file-system-mapping . m)
                                                       m)
                                                      (_ #f))
                                                    opts)
                             #:install-bootloader? bootloader?
                             #:target target
                             #:bootloader-target bootloader-target
                             #:gc-root (assoc-ref opts 'gc-root)))))
        #:system system))
    (warn-about-disk-space)))

(define (resolve-subcommand name)
  (let ((module (resolve-interface
                 `(guix scripts system ,(string->symbol name))))
        (proc (string->symbol (string-append "guix-system-" name))))
    (module-ref module proc)))

(define (process-command command args opts)
  "Process COMMAND, one of the 'guix system' sub-commands.  ARGS is its
argument list and OPTS is the option alist."
  (case command
    ;; The following commands do not need to use the store, and they do not need
    ;; an operating system configuration file.
    ((list-generations)
     (let ((pattern (match args
                      (() "")
                      ((pattern) pattern)
                      (x (leave (G_ "wrong number of arguments~%"))))))
       (list-generations pattern)))
    ((search)
     (apply (resolve-subcommand "search") args))
    ;; The following commands need to use the store, but they do not need an
    ;; operating system configuration file.
    ((switch-generation)
     (let ((pattern (match args
                      ((pattern) pattern)
                      (x (leave (G_ "wrong number of arguments~%"))))))
       (with-store store
         (set-build-options-from-command-line store opts)
         (switch-to-system-generation store pattern))))
    ((roll-back)
     (let ((pattern (match args
                      (() "")
                      (x (leave (G_ "wrong number of arguments~%"))))))
       (with-store store
         (set-build-options-from-command-line store opts)
         (roll-back-system store))))
    ;; The following commands need to use the store, and they also
    ;; need an operating system configuration file.
    (else (process-action command args opts))))

(define (guix-system . args)
  (define (parse-sub-command arg result)
    ;; Parse sub-command ARG and augment RESULT accordingly.
    (if (assoc-ref result 'action)
        (alist-cons 'argument arg result)
        (let ((action (string->symbol arg)))
          (case action
            ((build container vm vm-image disk-image reconfigure init
              extension-graph shepherd-graph list-generations roll-back
              switch-generation search docker-image)
             (alist-cons 'action action result))
            (else (leave (G_ "~a: unknown action~%") action))))))

  (define (match-pair car)
    ;; Return a procedure that matches a pair with CAR.
    (match-lambda
      ((head . tail)
       (and (eq? car head) tail))
      (_ #f)))

  (define (option-arguments opts)
    ;; Extract the plain arguments from OPTS.
    (let* ((args   (reverse (filter-map (match-pair 'argument) opts)))
           (count  (length args))
           (action (assoc-ref opts 'action))
           (expr   (assoc-ref opts 'expression)))
      (define (fail)
        (leave (G_ "wrong number of arguments for action '~a'~%")
               action))

      (unless action
        (format (current-error-port)
                (G_ "guix system: missing command name~%"))
        (format (current-error-port)
                (G_ "Try 'guix system --help' for more information.~%"))
        (exit 1))

      (case action
        ((build container vm vm-image disk-image docker-image reconfigure)
         (unless (or (= count 1)
                     (and expr (= count 0)))
           (fail)))
        ((init)
         (unless (= count 2)
           (fail))))
      args))

  (with-error-handling
    (let* ((opts     (parse-command-line args %options
                                         (list %default-options)
                                         #:argument-handler
                                         parse-sub-command))
           (args     (option-arguments opts))
           (command  (assoc-ref opts 'action)))
      (parameterize ((%graft? (assoc-ref opts 'graft?)))
        (with-status-report (if (memq command '(init reconfigure))
                                print-build-event/quiet
                                print-build-event)
          (process-command command args opts))))))

;;; Local Variables:
;;; eval: (put 'call-with-service-upgrade-info 'scheme-indent-function 1)
;;; End:

;;; system.scm ends here