Common recipes ============== .. note:: Most recipes below take on Django model examples, but can also be used on their own. Dependent objects (ForeignKey) ------------------------------ When one attribute is actually a complex field (e.g a :class:`~django.db.models.ForeignKey` to another :class:`~django.db.models.Model`), use the :class:`~factory.SubFactory` declaration: .. code-block:: python # models.py class User(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField() group = models.ForeignKey(Group) # factories.py import factory from . import models class UserFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.User first_name = factory.Sequence(lambda n: "Agent %03d" % n) group = factory.SubFactory(GroupFactory) Reverse dependencies (reverse ForeignKey) ----------------------------------------- When a related object should be created upon object creation (e.g a reverse :class:`~django.db.models.ForeignKey` from another :class:`~django.db.models.Model`), use a :class:`~factory.RelatedFactory` declaration: .. code-block:: python # models.py class User(models.Model): pass class UserLog(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) action = models.CharField() # factories.py class UserFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.User log = factory.RelatedFactory(UserLogFactory, 'user', action=models.UserLog.ACTION_CREATE) When a :class:`UserFactory` is instantiated, factory_boy will call ``UserLogFactory(user=that_user, action=...)`` just before returning the created ``User``. Example: Django's Profile """"""""""""""""""""""""" Django (<1.5) provided a mechanism to attach a ``Profile`` to a ``User`` instance, using a :class:`~django.db.models.OneToOneField` from the ``Profile`` to the ``User``. A typical way to create those profiles was to hook a post-save signal to the ``User`` model. factory_boy allows to define attributes of such profiles dynamically when creating a ``User``: .. code-block:: python class ProfileFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = my_models.Profile title = 'Dr' # We pass in profile=None to prevent UserFactory from creating another profile # (this disables the RelatedFactory) user = factory.SubFactory('app.factories.UserFactory', profile=None) class UserFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = auth_models.User username = factory.Sequence(lambda n: "user_%d" % n) # We pass in 'user' to link the generated Profile to our just-generated User # This will call ProfileFactory(user=our_new_user), thus skipping the SubFactory. profile = factory.RelatedFactory(ProfileFactory, 'user') @classmethod def _generate(cls, create, attrs): """Override the default _generate() to disable the post-save signal.""" # Note: If the signal was defined with a dispatch_uid, include that in both calls. post_save.disconnect(handler_create_user_profile, auth_models.User) user = super(UserFactory, cls)._generate(create, attrs) post_save.connect(handler_create_user_profile, auth_models.User) return user .. OHAI_VIM:* .. code-block:: pycon >>> u = UserFactory(profile__title=u"Lord") >>> u.get_profile().title u"Lord" Such behaviour can be extended to other situations where a signal interferes with factory_boy related factories. .. note:: When any :class:`~factory.RelatedFactory` or :class:`~factory.post_generation` attribute is defined on the :class:`~factory.django.DjangoModelFactory` subclass, a second ``save()`` is performed *after* the call to ``_create()``. Code working with signals should thus override the :meth:`~factory.Factory._generate` method. Simple ManyToMany ----------------- Building the adequate link between two models depends heavily on the use case; factory_boy doesn't provide a "all in one tools" as for :class:`~factory.SubFactory` or :class:`~factory.RelatedFactory`, users will have to craft their own depending on the model. The base building block for this feature is the :class:`~factory.post_generation` hook: .. code-block:: python # models.py class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField() class User(models.Model): name = models.CharField() groups = models.ManyToMany(Group) # factories.py class GroupFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.Group name = factory.Sequence(lambda n: "Group #%s" % n) class UserFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.User name = "John Doe" @factory.post_generation def groups(self, create, extracted, **kwargs): if not create: # Simple build, do nothing. return if extracted: # A list of groups were passed in, use them for group in extracted: self.groups.add(group) .. OHAI_VIM** When calling ``UserFactory()`` or ``UserFactory.build()``, no group binding will be created. But when ``UserFactory.create(groups=(group1, group2, group3))`` is called, the ``groups`` declaration will add passed in groups to the set of groups for the user. ManyToMany with a 'through' --------------------------- If only one link is required, this can be simply performed with a :class:`RelatedFactory`. If more links are needed, simply add more :class:`RelatedFactory` declarations: .. code-block:: python # models.py class User(models.Model): name = models.CharField() class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField() members = models.ManyToMany(User, through='GroupLevel') class GroupLevel(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) group = models.ForeignKey(Group) rank = models.IntegerField() # factories.py class UserFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.User name = "John Doe" class GroupFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.Group name = "Admins" class GroupLevelFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.GroupLevel user = factory.SubFactory(UserFactory) group = factory.SubFactory(GroupFactory) rank = 1 class UserWithGroupFactory(UserFactory): membership = factory.RelatedFactory(GroupLevelFactory, 'user') class UserWith2GroupsFactory(UserFactory): membership1 = factory.RelatedFactory(GroupLevelFactory, 'user', group__name='Group1') membership2 = factory.RelatedFactory(GroupLevelFactory, 'user', group__name='Group2') Whenever the ``UserWithGroupFactory`` is called, it will, as a post-generation hook, call the ``GroupLevelFactory``, passing the generated user as a ``user`` field: 1. ``UserWithGroupFactory()`` generates a ``User`` instance, ``obj`` 2. It calls ``GroupLevelFactory(user=obj)`` 3. It returns ``obj`` When using the ``UserWith2GroupsFactory``, that behavior becomes: 1. ``UserWith2GroupsFactory()`` generates a ``User`` instance, ``obj`` 2. It calls ``GroupLevelFactory(user=obj, group__name='Group1')`` 3. It calls ``GroupLevelFactory(user=obj, group__name='Group2')`` 4. It returns ``obj`` Copying fields to a SubFactory ------------------------------ When a field of a related class should match one of the container: .. code-block:: python # models.py class Country(models.Model): name = models.CharField() lang = models.CharField() class User(models.Model): name = models.CharField() lang = models.CharField() country = models.ForeignKey(Country) class Company(models.Model): name = models.CharField() owner = models.ForeignKey(User) country = models.ForeignKey(Country) Here, we want: - The User to have the lang of its country (``factory.SelfAttribute('country.lang')``) - The Company owner to live in the country of the company (``factory.SelfAttribute('..country')``) .. code-block:: python # factories.py class CountryFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.Country name = factory.Iterator(["France", "Italy", "Spain"]) lang = factory.Iterator(['fr', 'it', 'es']) class UserFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.User name = "John" lang = factory.SelfAttribute('country.lang') country = factory.SubFactory(CountryFactory) class CompanyFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = models.Company name = "ACME, Inc." country = factory.SubFactory(CountryFactory) owner = factory.SubFactory(UserFactory, country=factory.SelfAttribute('..country')) Custom manager methods ---------------------- Sometimes you need a factory to call a specific manager method other then the default :meth:`Model.objects.create() ` method: .. code-block:: python class UserFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory): FACTORY_FOR = UserenaSignup username = "l7d8s" email = "my_name@example.com" password = "my_password" @classmethod def _create(cls, target_class, *args, **kwargs): """Override the default ``_create`` with our custom call.""" manager = cls._get_manager(target_class) # The default would use ``manager.create(*args, **kwargs)`` return manager.create_user(*args, **kwargs)